Where does the Monument to the People's Heroes come from?

Fushan from Qingdao, Shandong Province.

1949 On September 30th, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference passed a resolution to build a monument to the people's heroes in Beijing.

Construction of the "First Monument of the Republic of China" started. The Beijing Municipal Planning Commission issued a notice on the planning and design of the memorial hall to all architectural design units and architectural departments of colleges and universities across the country. The Committee conducted a nationwide field trip for more than three months. After repeated sampling, analysis and comparison, Fushan stone was selected as the most suitable stone for monument.

Witnesses said quarrying

The old man who personally participated in the quarrying of the Monument to the People's Heroes is now only the old factory director in Wang Wenjian. 1in March, 953, Qingdao Stone Factory was informed to officially mine the stone of the Monument to the People's Heroes. Ordinary stones are easy to grow flowers, while pumice stones do not have this problem because of their strong acid and alkali resistance. However, based on the principle of selecting the best among the best, the quarrying location is set at Dajinding, Fushan. Wang Wenjian said that although Fushan stone was very good, the quarrying technology at that time was very backward. The mining and transportation started on April 1953+0 1 day, and the stone arrived at Tiananmen Square on April 10/6, which lasted more than six months. According to statistics, from more than 30 backbone craftsmen "ants gnawing at bones" to the successful delivery of stone to Tiananmen Square in Beijing, about 7,000 people devoted themselves to this unprecedented project.

According to the architectural design, the length of the stone tablet surface is 14.4m, the upper width is 2.48m, and the lower width is 2.72m Its thickness depends on the needs of the structure and construction (it is finally set at 0.6m). Considering the transportation safety, the stone blank in the mining area needs to be as thick as 3m (that is, the blank will weigh more than 320 tons). It is quite difficult to get such a huge stone. After many experiments, the workers climbed to Dajinding and chose a large flat rock mass. According to the required size, first dig a groove more than 5 meters deep around the rock, and after treating the surrounding part to make the stone tablet protrude, make holes at the bottom of the stone tablet every 40 cm or so, and cut wedge holes in the middle of the cross holes. Then put a wedge with a wide bottom and a narrow bottom in it, and dozens of people press it down one by one with a sledgehammer to make the stones expand and crack, and separate them according to the predetermined peeling surface. Then hang the big stone to the top of the head, install rails and railings below, hang cables and pulleys on the upper and lower slopes, and let the stone slowly slide down the flat ground under the slope for the first time, so as to reduce its weight to 280 tons.

Stone into Beijing

It is about 15km from Fushan quarry where the stone is located to Qingdao Railway Station. At that time, it was originally planned to build a temporary heavy rail railway, but the time, manpower and material resources could not meet the requirements. Later, Zhang Hefu, the old rigger of Angang, suggested adopting the old method, pulling and rolling by road rollers and bulldozers step by step, and filling some small bridges with wooden cribs (road rollers are the initial blank of seamless steel pipes supported by Angang). In this way, the huge tablet blank starts from Wangjiamai Island under Fushan Quarry Factory, passes through Xujiamai Island, Xinjiazhuang and Fushan Station, and a corner of a private house is demolished by Damai Island. If you don't tear down this corner, you can't pass. The villagers knew the significance of this stone and actively cooperated. According to the villagers who saw the stones being transported to the monument in Wangjiamai Island at that time, they walked for one day and only walked one kilometer. They stop at night and have guards on duty. Finally, 280 tons of stones were safely sent to the railway station.

In order to let the stone reach Beijing safely, the railway department finally adopted the simplest and safest method after many considerations. According to the budget of overloading 90 tons of wagons 10%, firstly, 280 tons of big stones are loaded with 90 tons of wagons, and then the stones are stabilized, and then processed for the second time to 103 tons, so that the middle of the stones is slightly thicker and the two ends are slightly thinner. At this time, the monument is 1 4.7m long, 2.9m wide, 1 m thick,1m thick in the middle and 0.84m thick at both ends. Then, the stone is transported directly to Qianmen West Station and then to the square construction site.

According to the data, the stone tablet was transported to the railway station, borrowed from Angang's hoisting technology and used Angang's tools. When the stone tablet was transported to Beijing, Northeast Electric Power Bureau called a 90-ton platform. Shijingshan Iron and Steel Plant helped overhaul two lifting booms, each of which can safely lift 50 tons and 40 meters. The hoisting method of the whole100t stone was once one of the projects repeatedly studied by the Monument Construction Committee.

Later, the base of the Monument to the People's Heroes 138 58.6 cubic meters of granite was completed in two batches. Director Wang Wenjian said that it is said that after the stone tablet entered Beijing, Zhu De personally went to the scene. 1958 On April 22nd, the Monument to the People's Heroes was officially completed, and the unveiling ceremony was held on May 1 day. At the same time, it became the first large-scale comprehensive architectural design in New China. "People's Heroes Monument Construction Committee" awarded Qingdao Stone Factory 14 red cloth as a reward.

(Global Vision)