Geomantic Wisdom in the Construction of Chinese and Foreign Capital Cities

Geomantic Wisdom in the Construction of Chinese and Foreign Capital Cities

The history of human settlement construction is an experience history of human understanding and adapting to nature. Whether it is a quiet and smart country or a magnificent city, it is inseparable from the moisture of the natural environment. Nature and humanity, matter and spirit, science and culture have left a dazzling picture in the history of human settlement construction. From the site selection, layout, building, transformation and relocation of cities, cities and villages handed down from generation to generation, we can see the wisdom of geomantic omen and the wonderful realm of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

First of all, Beijing's geomantic wisdom

The capital of Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing) is the most magnificent capital in Chinese and foreign history, which laid the foundation for the overall layout characteristics of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

In 1260, Kublai Khan came to Yanjing, and the banner of Mongolian cavalry pointed to the Southern Song Dynasty, which was still alive. Later, Kublai Khan adopted the suggestion of Minister Liu and made Beijing his capital. In order to prevent the Yongding River from flooding and solve the water problem of Dadoucheng, Kublai Khan abandoned the Admiralty Capital, which was originally located in the southwest suburb near Beijing West Railway Station, and rebuilt the new city. Analysis of Tianjin Record in Yuan Dynasty truly recorded Liu's historical record of "taking geographical situation first, king's territory first, achieving great things" according to geographical latitude and longitude (that is, geomantic theory). According to Mr. Yu Xixian's research on Zhouyi Xiangshu and Yuandu, Yuandu not only embodies the idea of Yijing Fengshui in site selection and layout, but also can be called the realistic reappearance of Yijing Bagua in the setting of city squares and the opening of city gates. For example, from the geographical general trend, Liu Jingcha lured the Yuquan landscape of Xishan Mountain into the capital through the artificially dug canal, then went south across today's Taipingqiao Street, turned east, passed through the Ganshui Bridge on Xisi South Street and the south bank of Taiye Pool (now * * *), then flowed to the bridge "Qiao Zhou" in front of Tian Chong, the main entrance of the Forbidden City, and then flowed eastward into today's South River and North River (then known as Tonghui River) because of this. This river is located in the south of the city wall, which is just the horizontal planning line with the river as the horizontal axis required by geomantic omen. As for the number of fifty squares in the city, it is also taken from the number of heaven and earth. Zhu, a Neo-Confucianism scholar in the Song Dynasty, said: "The number of big swallows is fifty, which is obtained by multiplying the public field by five in the river map." Among them, Fang's name is also obviously taken from Zhouyi. If it is a square in the Ming Dynasty, it is close to the ground.

Taishiyuan, taking the meaning of "a gentleman governs the calendar" in the Book of Changes. Located in the northwest, Ganning Square takes the meaning of "Xianning for all people" in the Book of Changes. Taihengfang, located in the northeast, takes the meaning of "Jiheng" in Thai hexagrams. Beijing also followed this idea in Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, the emperor lived in the Qing dynasty, working for the sky and for himself; Kunning Palace, where Kun is the land, produces Kun hexagrams. Between the two palaces is the Friendship Hall, which symbolizes the harmony between heaven and earth and the harmony of Yin and Yang. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine rooms in Miyagi, and the doornails on the palace gate were also 9 rows up and down, 8 1. Why? Because the number of days in Lao Yang is nine. As far as the layout of national and ancestral temples in Beijing is concerned, there is the Temple of Heaven in the south and the Ditan in the north. There is an altar in the east and a moon altar in the west. In the Forbidden City, there is the ancestral hall on the left and the social altar on the right. The ancestral temple is yin, offering sacrifices to ancestors; The altar of the country is the sun, offering sacrifices to the land and grain. The center of symmetry is the feng shui point. Because from the concept of geomantic omen, the unity of opposites of Yin and Yang in urban layout embodies the symmetry and balance of Yin and Yang.

Second, Ming Nanjing Feng Wang Shui Qi

Nanjing is known as "the capital of ten emperors and the golden land of six dynasties", and Sun Quan made his capital here during the Three Kingdoms period, which was praised by Chinese people.

/kloc-China after 0/700 years. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, decided to make Nanjing his capital and instructed Liu Ji to plan Miyagi according to the requirements of geomantic omen. Liu Ji's master, Taoist Tieguan, pointed out that Miyagi should be built on Yanzi Lake. Because the general trend of the pattern of geomantic omen in Nanjing belongs to Yin, which is located in the south of the water, while Zhanyan Lake is located in Zhongshan Yang, which is the "dragon head" and the point of geomantic omen. Different from the northern capital, Nanjing is built with the terrain, which is divided into four layers: Miyagi, Imperial City, Capital City and Kuocheng. The whole city is long and narrow and irregular, but the core of Miyagi is still square, which still embodies the traditional view of Feng Shui pattern. In the Ming Dynasty, Nanjing, the Imperial City, was located in the east because of the mountainous terrain. Baguadong belongs to earthquake divination, and the Book of Changes says "the earthquake of the emperor", so it is suitable for the emperor to live in. The layout of the whole imperial city is geometrically symmetrical, and its shape is inverted convex (similar to Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties) to facilitate the connection with the southern sky. With the palace as the central axis, the important palace buildings are arranged in turn. Miyagi is in the imperial city, and the core buildings of Miyagi are Fengtian Hall, Gaihua Hall and Qinshen Hall. The three halls are resplendent and magnificent, and live in Miyagi. Behind the Qin Shen Temple is the harem, that is, the dry Qing Palace, as well as the Kunning Palace and the Sixth East-West Palace. The front hall is the residence of the emperor, which belongs to the south, and the harem belongs to the Yin and is located in the north. Mathematically, the forecourt is odd and the harem is even, so as to distinguish yin and yang. The setting of the temple also carefully embodies the theory of Feng Shui Yin and Yang. Round hills worship the sky, while square hills worship the ground. The place of worship is located in the south outside Zhengyangmen, which is the sun of Zhongshan. Memorial Mountain is located outside the Taiping Gate in the north, under the shade of Zhongshan in the north.

In short, from the geographical general trend, Nanjing is bordered by the Yangtze River in the north, Zhongshan in the east, Qinhuai in the south and Xuanwu Lake in the north. Its geomantic veins trace back to the Yangtze River from southeast to west, stretching for hundreds of miles. Shitou Town is its white tiger and Zhongshan is its Qinglong, which is a typical Feng Shui Bureau.

Third, Moscow City-Purple Star.

You may be surprised to say that the origin and development of Moscow city also embodies the requirements and pattern of Feng Shui, but there are too many "amazing similarities" in history, some of which are historical accidents, but for Feng Shui, it is a necessity. Because the principle of feng shui embodies the fundamental principle of the relationship between man and the environment. According to Yu Xixian's research, Moscow is gradually expanding outward in a concentric circle. The radiation center of the city is the Kremlin, which was built in 1 147. To the east is China City, built between 1535 and 1538, and to the outside is Tucheng in Kamael, built between 1742 and 1860, with moscow river as the main stream. The Kremlin is built on a piece of Gorkon where moscow river meets the Yalu River and its tributaries. The palace wall was built along the river, overlooking a large open area in Hexi. China City in the east and Gorky Street in the north are another Fu Gang. This pattern perfectly embodies the feng shui thought of relying on mountains and rivers and retaining the ring lining. It is worth mentioning that there are seventeen watchtowers of different sizes around Miyagi in the Kremlin, all painted purple, so they are called red walls. Outside the East Gate of the Red Wall is Red Square. Why decorate it with fuchsia? Why is the Kremlin also called the Purple Palace? because

Because it symbolizes the purple constellation in the sky, its center is the fixed-point Polaris in the celestial sphere of the universe. As we all know, the main building of the Kremlin has a towering and spectacular spire with a five-pointed star on it, which is the center of the whole Moscow city. It is said that there are hundreds of churches in Moscow and its suburbs, and the crosses standing high above them face the five-pointed star from all directions, which has become the spiritual commanding heights of the city.

Fourth, the geomantic wisdom of Seoul, Kyoto, Kuala Lumpur and China is in East Asia, and China's geomantic thought has had a far-reaching impact with the spread of China culture to neighboring countries. Seoul is one of them.

Seoul is located in a basin surrounded by low mountains, surrounded by eight mountains, and the Han River and Qingxi River pass through the city. 1394, Li Chenggui, korean king, moved its capital to Seoul (now Seoul) according to the advice of Feng Shui masters, and designated Yinqingshan on the south side of the city as Nanshan, which is the Zhenshan of Seoul. Today, Koreans still call Yin Qing "Nanshan as warm as mother's arms". Seoul is divided into an old city and a new city. The old city is built according to the pattern of "left temple and right society, facing the market" in ancient China. Judging from the architectural style and naming, China's thought of traditional geomantic culture is everywhere. For example, Gyeongbokgung Palace, a famous palace with a history of 500 years, is square, with the south gate called Guanghua Gate, the east gate called Jianchun Gate, the west gate called Yingchun Gate and the north gate called Shenwumen. There are important buildings in the palace, such as Qin Zheng Hall and Jiaotai Hall.

The famous Japanese city Kyoto, also known as Xijing, was called "Ping An Jing" in ancient times. For more than a thousand years from 794 to 1868,

Kyoto has always been the capital of Japan. Its planning and layout can almost be said to be a copy of Chang 'an City and Luoyang Ancient City in China in the Tang Dynasty, and its shape and trend fully reflect China's geomantic wisdom. The whole capital faces south, with Dongshan in the east and Lanshan and Guishan in the west.

Several rivers in the middle meet to form Yachuan. The city is divided into east and west Beijing with Suzaku Street running through the north and south as the axis. Tokyo imitates Luoyang, Xijing imitates Chang 'an, and the center of the north is Miyagi, where the royal family is located. The whole urban area of Kyoto is divided into Luo Zhong, Luodong, Luonan, Luoxi and Luobei, so the Japanese also call Kyoto "Luo Jing".

The feng shui pattern in Kuala Lumpur is also remarkable. It is located in the middle of the west coast of Malay Peninsula, and the urban area is surrounded by mountains. 140 years ago, Kuala Lumpur today was still a virgin forest. 1857, more than 80 people from China came here by boat to look for tin mines, and the pioneering history of this city began. At present, China people account for about 25% of the city's population. Malaysian Prime Minister's residence was selected and planned by former Prime Minister Mahadi. It is backed by a hillside, and the river led by an artificial lake winds from northeast to south at the lower right. In front of the official residence is the magnificent Malaysian administrative center, and the huge semi-circular building seems to embrace the open Daming Hall ahead. Dozens of kilometers away, there are magnificent before and beautiful after.

Castle peak surrounds the vault, and the mountain in front of the official residence is like a tribute. In a word, local scholars call it "purple wall and dragon pattern".

In a word, in the endless historical process of thousands of years, the wisdom of geomantic omen can be seen everywhere. It can be said that every geomantic place, whether it is a natural landscape or a man-made city, is a perfect embodiment of human understanding and clever use of nature. From this point of view, it can be said that Feng Shui is a practical knowledge, which can help ordinary people make rational use of land and is a skill for people to live and work in peace and contentment. At the same time, Feng Shui has a rich and colorful cultural accumulation. The wisdom of geomantic omen bears the spiritual and material cultural heritage of China since ancient times, which deserves our serious exploration and development.