What are the most common machine tool models used for CNC machining in China? What programming software is used?

From 1952, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed the first experimental CNC system, has now gone through half a century of history. With the rapid development of electronic technology and control technology, today's CNC system has been very powerful, and at the same time the development of processing technology and a number of other related technologies on the development and progress of the CNC system puts forward new requirements.

Trend one: CNC system to the open architecture development

Since the 1990s, due to the rapid development of computer technology, to promote faster update of CNC technology. Many of the world's manufacturers of CNC systems to take advantage of the PC's rich software and hardware resources to develop a new generation of open architecture CNC systems. Open architecture so that the CNC system has better versatility, flexibility, adaptability, scalability, and can be easier to achieve intelligence, networking. In recent years, many countries have been researching and developing such systems, such as the U.S. Science and Manufacturing Center (NCMS) and the Air Force *** with the leadership of the "next generation of workstations / machine tool controller architecture" NGC, European *** body of "automation systems in the open architecture "OSACA," Japan's OSEC program, etc.. Open architecture can be a large number of general-purpose microcomputer technology, so that programming, operation, as well as technology upgrades and updates become simpler and faster. Open architecture of the new generation of CNC systems, its hardware, software and bus specifications are open to the outside world, CNC system manufacturers and users can be based on these open resources for system integration, but also it is also for the user according to the actual needs of flexible configuration of the CNC system to bring great convenience to promote the development of the CNC system of multiple grades and varieties of the development and wide application, development and production cycle is greatly reduced. At the same time, this kind of CNC system can be upgraded with the CPU upgrade, while the structure can remain unchanged.

Trend No. 2: CNC system to the direction of the development of soft CNC

Now, the actual industrial site for the main four types of CNC systems, respectively, represents the different stages of development of numerical control technology, different types of CNC systems analyzed and found that the CNC system is not only from the closed architecture to the development of open architecture, and is from the hard to the direction of the development of soft numerical control The trend of development.

Traditional CNC systems, such as FANUC 0 system, MITSUBISHI M50 system, SINUMERIK 810M/T/G system. This is a specialized closed architecture CNC system. At present, this type of system still occupies most of the market in the manufacturing industry. However, due to the development of open architecture CNC systems, the market for traditional CNC systems is being challenged and has been gradually reduced.

"PC embedded in NC" structure of the open CNC system, such as FANUC18i, 16i system, SINUMERIK 840D system, Num1060 system, AB 9/360 and other CNC systems. This is a number of CNC system manufacturers will be accumulated over the years of CNC software technology and today's computer rich software resources combined with the development of products. It has a certain degree of openness, but because of its NC part is still the traditional CNC system, the user can not intervene in the core of the CNC system. This type of system is complex, powerful and expensive.

"NC embedded in the PC" structure of the open CNC system which consists of open architecture motion control card and PC **** with the composition. This motion control card is usually used as a high-speed DSP CPU, with strong motion control and PLC control capabilities. It is itself a numerical control system, can be used separately. It is an open function library for users to develop and construct their own control systems under the WINDOWS platform. Therefore, this open structure motion control card is widely used in manufacturing automation control in various fields. Such as the United States Delta Tau company with PMAC multi-axis motion control card construction of the PMAC-NC CNC system, Japan MAZAK company with Mitsubishi Electric MELDASMAGIC 64 construction of the MAZATROL 640 CNC and so on.

SOFT-type open CNC system This is one of the latest open architecture of the CNC system. It provides users with the greatest choice and flexibility, its CNC software all installed in the computer, and the hardware part is only the computer and servo drive and external I / O between the standardized common interface. Just like the computer can be installed in a variety of brands of sound cards and the corresponding driver. Users can be in the WINDOWS NT platform, the use of open CNC kernel, the development of a variety of functions required to constitute a variety of types of high-performance CNC systems, compared with the previous types of CNC systems, SOFT-type open CNC system has the highest performance-price ratio, and therefore the most vitality. Through software intelligence instead of complex hardware, is becoming an important trend in the development of contemporary CNC systems. Its typical products are the U.S. MDSI company's Open CNC, Germany's Power Automation company's PA8000 NT and so on.

Trend No. 3: CNC control performance to the direction of intelligent development

Intelligent is the 21st century, the development of manufacturing technology is a major direction. With the penetration and development of artificial intelligence in the field of computers, CNC systems introduced adaptive control, fuzzy systems and neural networks control mechanism, not only with automatic programming, feed-forward control, fuzzy control, learning control, adaptive control, automatic generation of process parameters, three-dimensional tool compensation, dynamic compensation of motion parameters and other functions, and the human-computer interface is extremely user-friendly, and has a diagnostic expert system to make self-diagnosis and fault monitoring functions more perfect. Diagnosis and fault monitoring function is more perfect. Servo system intelligent spindle AC drive and intelligent feed servo device, can automatically identify the load and automatically optimize the adjustment parameters.

There are a lot of intelligent cutting systems being researched in the world, among which the intelligent machining program for drilling by the Japan Intelligent CNC Device Research Association is representative.

Trend No. 4: CNC system to the network direction

Numerical control system network, mainly refers to the numerical control system and other external control system or upper computer for network connection and network control. CNC system is generally the first production site and enterprise internal LAN, and then through the Internet to the outside of the enterprise, which is called Internet/Intranet technology.

With the maturity and development of network technology, the industry has recently put forward the concept of digital manufacturing. Digital manufacturing, also known as "e-manufacturing", is one of the symbols of the modernization of machinery manufacturing enterprises, but also the international advanced machine tool manufacturers today, the standard configuration of the supply mode. With the massive adoption of information technology, more and more domestic users in the import of CNC machine tools require remote communication services and other functions.

The networking of CNC systems to further promote the development of flexible automation manufacturing technology, modern flexible manufacturing system from the point (CNC stand-alone, machining centers and CNC composite processing machine tools), the line (FMC, FMS, FTL, FML) to the surface (section of the shop floor to independent manufacturing island, FA), the body (CIMS, Distributed Network Integration Manufacturing System) of the direction of development. Flexible automation technology to easy networking and integration into the goal, while focusing on strengthening the unit technology development, improvement, CNC machine tools and their composition of flexible manufacturing system can be easily linked with CAD, CAM, CAPP, MTS, to the development of the direction of information integration, the network system to the direction of openness, integration and intelligent development.

Trend No. 5: CNC system to the direction of high reliability development

With the increasingly widespread application of CNC machine tools network, CNC system of high reliability has become the goal of CNC system manufacturers. For the daily work of two shifts of unmanned factories, if the requirements of 16 hours of continuous normal operation, failure-free rate in the P (t) = 99% or more, the average trouble-free operation of CNC machine tools MTBF must be greater than 3,000 hours. We are only on a CNC machine tool, such as the host and the failure rate of the CNC system ratio of 10:1 (CNC reliable than the host of an order of magnitude higher). At this point, the MTBF of the CNC system must be greater than 33,333.3 hours, and the CNC device, spindle and drive MTBF must be greater than 100,000 hours. If the entire production line, the reliability requirements are higher.

The current foreign numerical control device MTBF value has reached more than 6,000 hours, the drive device up to 30,000 hours or more, but we can see that there is a gap from the ideal target.

Trend No. 6: CNC system to the direction of composite development

In the parts processing process, there is a lot of useless time consumed in the workpiece handling, loading and unloading, installation and adjustment, tool changer and spindle speed up, down, in order to minimize the time of these useless, people want to integrate the different processing functions in the same machine tool, so the composite function of the machine tool has become a very fast in recent years. The machine is a very fast development in recent years.

Flexible manufacturing category of the machine tool composite processing concept refers to the workpiece after a clamping, the machine can be in accordance with CNC machining program, automatically carry out the same type of technology or different types of technology multi-process machining, in order to complete the main and even all of the complex shape of a part of the main turning, milling, drilling, boring, grinding, tapping, reaming and reaming of a variety of machining processes.

Ordinary CNC system software for different types of machine tools using different software versions, such as Siemens 810M system and 802D system has a lathe version and milling version of the difference. The requirements of composite prompted the integration of CNC system functions. At present, the mainstream CNC system developers are able to provide high-performance composite machine tool CNC system.

Trend No. 7: CNC system to the direction of multi-axis linkage development

Because in the processing of free-form surfaces, 3-axis linkage control of the machine tool can not be avoided to cut the speed of near-zero end of the ball milling cutter to participate in the cutting, which in turn has a devastating impact on the quality of the workpiece processing, and 5-axis linkage control of the ball milling cutter of the numerical control programmer is relatively simple and enables the ball milling cutter in the milling of three-dimensional surfaces. The 5-axis linkage control of the ball milling cutter is relatively simple to program and can make the ball milling cutter in the milling of 3-dimensional surfaces to maintain a reasonable cutting speed, thus significantly improving the roughness of the machined surface and greatly improving the machining efficiency, therefore, the major system developers have spared no effort to develop 5-axis, 6-axis linkage CNC system, with the maturity of the 5-axis linkage control CNC system and programming software and the increasing popularity of 5-axis linkage control of machining centers and CNC milling machines has become a hot spot of the development of the current.

Recently, the main foreign system developers in the 6-axis linkage control system research and has made great progress in the 6-axis linkage machining centers can use non-rotating tools to process any shape of three-dimensional surfaces, and the depth of cut can be very thin, but the machining efficiency is too low, a fashion difficult to be practical.

The development of electronic technology, information technology, network technology, fuzzy control technology to make a new generation of CNC system technology level greatly improved, and promote the booming development of the CNC machine tool industry, but also promote the rapid development of modern manufacturing technology. CNC machine tool performance in high speed, high precision, high reliability and composite, network, intelligent, flexible, green has made great progress. Modern manufacturing is ushering in a new technological revolution. h