Briefly introduce Mongolian customs and traditional festivals.

The traditional festivals of Mongolians mainly include the Lunar New Year, and the Mongolian language is "Chagan Salia", that is, Bai Yue. In summer, the grass is rich and the cattle and sheep are fat, and the Nadam convention will be held on the grassland. The specific time is self-determined. This kind of festival can be big or small, and even a family can hold it. At that time, dozens and hundreds of herdsmen in Fiona Fang, Fiona Fang will ride horses with their families (now basically changed into modern means of transportation). Other festivals include Aobao Festival, Horse Milk Festival and Shearing Festival, all of which evolved from production activities and religious sacrificial ceremonies. In addition, there is a major sacrificial activity, that is, the memorial to the mausoleum of Genghis Khan. Every year, four grand commemorative activities will be held in Ejinhoro, Erdos on March 2 1 day, May 15, August 12 and 10/3.

Mongolian New Year Festival

Mongolian New Year's Day is also called "White Festival" or "Bai Yue", which is closely related to the whiteness of milk, and "White" means "Kaiyuan" in Mongolian mind. There are different legends about Mongolian New Year. According to historical records, since the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolians have accepted the calendar of the Han nationality. Therefore, Bai Yue of Mongolia coincides with the first month of the Spring Festival of Han nationality. This is the origin of Mongolian "Spring Festival". Although the Mongolian New Year is the same as that of the Han nationality, it absorbs some customs of the Han nationality, such as eating jiaozi and setting off firecrackers, but there are also many traditional customs of the Mongolian nationality. On New Year's Eve, Mongolians in agricultural and pastoral areas usually eat braised pork and light bonfires to show family reunion, bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. In the early morning of the first day, the younger generation saluted their elders with "welcome wine", and relatives and friends offered Hada to each other to congratulate them on the auspicious New Year. Throughout Bai Yue (in the first month), herders dressed in festive costumes can often be seen on the grassland, accompanied by horseshoes or cars and motorcycles, with wine songs, visiting relatives and friends together.

Nadam Fair

Mongolian means "game" or "entertainment". Originally refers to the Mongolian traditional "three men's competitions"-wrestling, horse racing and archery. With the development of the times, it has gradually evolved into a grand celebration and material exchange activity that includes various cultural and entertainment contents today. Nadam in history is not limited by time, and is generally held on occasions such as offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers, military expeditions, triumphs, the emperor's accession to the throne, the first month, and large-scale celebrations. Nowadays, Nadam is held every year at the turn of summer and autumn. Generally speaking, it depends on the production situation of animal husbandry in that year, with a small harvest and a big harvest. In addition to the traditional "men's triathlon", there are cultural performances, track and field competitions and various economic and cultural exhibitions, as well as order negotiation and material exchange.

Horse milk festival [a custom of Mongolian in Xilinguole grassland]

Mongolian traditional festivals. It is named after praising horses and drinking koumiss. Mainly popular in Xilingol grassland and Erdos pastoral area in Inner Mongolia. Usually held in late August of the lunar calendar, the date is not fixed and lasts for one or two days. In order to celebrate the harvest and bless each other, besides preparing enough kumiss, we also entertain guests with a whole lamb mat, hold horse races, invite folk singers to sing greetings, give gifts to old Mongolian doctors, and perform or show movies in Wulan Qi Mu. It is said that Nadam Festival originated from this.

Jiaobao

There are many traditional Mongolian sacrificial activities, such as offering sacrifices to heaven, fire, ancestors and Aobao. Among them, offering sacrifices to Aobao is a common sacrificial activity in Mongolian residential areas.

"Aobao" is a Mongolian transliteration, also known as "Ebo" and "Naobao", and Chinese means "Gaoduizi". Originally, it refers to stone piles or mounds made of stones or mud on nomadic borders and roads, and is used for marking. As recorded in the Hall of Qinghui, Mongolia "is a place where nomadic people meet, and those who have no mountains and rivers for their ambitions are called Aobao". Later, it was gradually regarded as the residence of the gods, as the object of sacrifice and worship. As a result, the original landmarks and road signs have become places where gods such as mountain gods, road gods and village guards are worshipped. It can also be built on site as needed. In the past, all flags, sumu and temples in Inner Mongolia had their own public oboes, and wealthy families also built several oboes, each with its own name.

Aobao is generally built on high-lying hills. Many stones are piled up, some are surrounded by wicker and filled with sand. Generally speaking, it has a round or domed square base. Insert a number of banners or branches, and hang various prayer flags or ribbons on them. Some grain is put in bags, some bows and arrows, and some are buried in Buddha statues. Aobao varies in size and quantity. Generally, it is a single individual, and 7 or 13 are juxtaposed to form the Aobao group. The main oboe in the middle is bigger than those on both sides (or around).

In the past, the activities of offering sacrifices to Aobao were mostly carried out from May to July in the lunar calendar, when the water plants were rich and the cattle and sheep were fat. At that time, people in Bensumu, Benqi and even nearby counties will help the old and bring the young, and bring Hada, whole sheep, milk wine and milk food to Aobao. First, Hada and sacrifices were offered, then the Lama chanted and prayed, and everyone bowed down. Then add stones or repair them with wicker, and hang new prayer flags and five-color ribbons. Finally, people attending the sacrifice should circle Aobao from left to right for three times, praying for God's blessing and the prosperity of people and animals. After the sacrificial ceremony, traditional sports activities such as horse racing, wrestling, archery and basketball throwing are often held.