Will it go against the tide to fill the foundation with sand and water when building a house?

What should I do if the ground on the first floor of a self-built house regains moisture? From building a house to getting wet at home.

Many rural self-built houses are centered on the first floor, but in the south, the phenomenon that is easy to appear on the first floor is moisture regain. Today, architectural fans have conducted a popular science on how to avoid the resurgence of housing construction and how to deal with the resurgence of household items, hoping to help friends who build their own houses.

First, the reasons for the resurgence

Indoor moisture regain mainly occurs at the bottom of the house. Generally speaking, there are two reasons: first, humid air with high temperature (relative humidity above 90%) meets the ground with low temperature, and the ground is smooth and does not absorb water, so it is easy to produce condensed water on the ground (usually it will be produced when the temperature is around 2℃). This happens mostly in the rainy season, with much rain, high temperature and high humidity. Once the climate turns fine and dry, the phenomenon of moisture regain can be eliminated. Second, the water in the foundation soil under the ground cushion rises by capillary action, and the vaporous water permeates upward, which makes the ground material wet, and then worsens the humidity of the whole room. This kind of situation often happens all the year round, which is difficult to deal with, with poor outdoor drainage and poor indoor ventilation. The surface layer in most parts of South China is mostly clay and loam. Capillary water level of clay can rise to 2-2.5m, and that of loam can reach1-1.3m. When building materials with poor compactness are used as indoor ground, capillary action will increase and the ground will regain moisture seriously.

Second, the inspection and treatment of wet ground

1. Check. First, check whether there are cracks on the ground, which is the main channel for groundwater to penetrate upwards. Cracks with a width greater than 0.05MM are generally visible cracks in cement mortar or the whole poured concrete floor. Regular cracks usually appear along the longitudinal or transverse direction of the room, which is formed by shrinkage and cracking of materials. Then check whether there is an empty drum on the ground. The inspection method can be tapped vertically along the ground with a wooden stick. If the tapping is free, then there is an empty drum.

2. Treatment of cracks and hollowing. For regular cracks, V-shaped cracks should be chiseled, and the inside of the cracks should be cleaned and sealed with drainage ointment. If it can be baked with flame, the cracks will be fully dried and the effect will be better. Generally, hair cracks will be closed in a large area. Where there is an empty drum, the surface layer should be knocked off, the cushion layer should be chiseled off, a cement slurry should be brushed on the cushion layer, and then the surface layer should be repaired and leveled with the same material.

3. Moisture-proof treatment. After the local treatment of cracks and hollows, the surface layer should be fully moisture-proof and closed. The principle of treatment is to block the capillary permeation channel in cement mortar or concrete. Generally, waterproof coating or waterproof agent can be applied. Before painting, the surface layer should be cut clean, and the second waterproof coating should be painted. The first brush should be forced to penetrate into the capillary hole. After the coating is dried for the first time (generally about 24 hours), it is brushed for the second time to form an integral waterproof coating. At the corner between the ground and the wall, paint should be brushed to the height of the wall skirting board.

After the original ground is moistureproof, make a new surface layer. The selection of new surface materials should consider the high strength, wear resistance, strong moisture-proof ability, easy cleaning, practical and beautiful appearance of ground materials, and cement mortar can also be used as surface materials.

For air humidity, it is a widespread natural phenomenon. Except for special needs, the equipment can be used to control humidity. Generally, buildings should not open windward windows and doors, so as to reduce the influx of humid air into the room.

In several residential projects, we have tried to treat wet ground with plastic film and achieved good results. Specifically, a 3cm thick 1: 3 cement mortar leveling layer is made on the original cushion layer to flatten the surface. Can not have sharp corners, uneven, in order to prevent the infiltration and exudation of plastic film, and then spread two layers of plastic film alternately on the leveling layer, the shop is stuck tightly, and the lap joint shall not be less than 10cm. Pouring C20 fine stone concrete integral surface layer with a thickness of 6cm on the paved film, tamping and leveling, adding slurry and calendering. After doing this, there is no moisture regain on the ground and walls.

Third, how to prevent the ground moisture regain

In order to prevent the resurgence of the ground, it is very important to strictly control the construction quality besides strictly following the drawings.

1. Pay attention to the construction quality of plain fill layer. This is the first line of defense against moisture on the ground. Clay (yellow) soil should be used for filling the damp-proof ground, and 3: 7 or 2: 8 lime soil can be used for filling when conditions permit. Construction waste or miscellaneous rammer should not be used for filling, and the fill should be compacted by layers, with the thickness of each layer being 20 mm Loose filling and soaking method should not be used for filling moisture-proof ground, so as not to increase the water content of foundation soil.

2. Construction of moistureproof layer. In a residential building, we carried out a pilot test of moisture-proof cushion, using 25cm thick compacted green gravel dry cushion, coarse yellow sand or flaky to fill the joints; 6cm thick fine stone concrete; 1: 2.5 cement mortar surface. After three years of observation, there is no moisture regain on the ground. After many engineering practices, it is proved that this cushion is an effective moisture-proof measure. The following problems should be paid attention to in overhead ground construction:

(1) The foundation soil under the overhead slab should still be compacted to minimize water infiltration into the space under the slab.

(2) There should be enough space and ventilation under the overhead slab. Because although the foundation soil under the overhead slab is compacted, there will still be water seeping upwards and silting into the slab. After the ventilation holes are set, it is very beneficial to dry the ground.

(3) The ridge wall where the overhead slab is located shall be built with cement mortar, and the top surface shall be covered with a layer of waterproof mortar.

(4) Pay attention to the flat-fell seam quality of overhead slab. Flat-fell seam of overhead slab is the weak part of ground moisture-proof. If it is not handled properly, the moisture under the plate will take advantage of it. When laying boards, there should be a certain gap between boards. Before caulking, it should be carefully cleaned and moistened. When caulking, it should be carefully embedded with fine stone concrete. When the plate is thick, it should be embedded in layers. And it should be carefully maintained before it can be used normally after reaching strength.

(5) If conditions permit, a layer of hot asphalt should be brushed at the bottom of the slab before paving to block the capillary holes at the bottom of the slab, which can effectively improve the moisture-proof effect of the overhead ground.

Attention should also be paid to the construction of moisture-proof ground: the moisture-proof ground should be combined with the moisture-proof wall foundation, the wall foundation should have a waterproof mortar moisture-proof layer, and the inner wall surface of the contact part with the ground should also be plastered with waterproof mortar.

The height difference between indoor and outdoor of moisture-proof ground should not be less than 30cm, and a aproll slope should be set outdoors to timely eliminate accumulated water such as rain and snow, prevent rainwater from infiltrating indoors and increase the water content of foundation soil.

4. If the house is unfortunately built, which is already a fact, how can we make up for the resurgence of the family?

Humidity at home is a headache, how to deal with it? When it comes to dealing with moisture, we will understand it as a single item, but there are many kinds of items in each family, so it is difficult to focus on moisture protection for each item. In this case, it can get twice the result with half the effort to protect the home environment from moisture. Moreover, the overall moistureproof of the family also helps to improve the comfort of life.

1. Always open the window for ventilation. This is the simplest and most effective method.

2. Be sure to dry the bedding.

Eating pepper in moderation can drive away dampness, or you will get sick after a long time.

Some netizens said that dehumidification with air conditioning is the fastest and simplest method. If it is too wet, find some charcoal or lime powder in the corner, which can absorb water well. Simply put, you can also spread unused newspapers on the floor to absorb moisture. Give it a try!

What if the house is wet? More detailed home humidity treatment method:

Timely window opening and moisture-proof ventilation

In humid weather, whether to open the window makes many families feel very contradictory. Open the window, in case of high humidity outside, it is easy to bring a lot of humidity into the house. No, people can't ventilate indoors, which is very uncomfortable.

In fact, even in rainy season, it is necessary to open the window. The question is how to open the window and when is the best time to open it. Professionals told reporters. In humid weather, the way to open the window should be to close the doors and windows facing south or southeast, that is, in the windward direction, and only open the doors and windows in the downwind direction to reduce the entry of water vapor into the room. The air from the south wind is the wettest, and the furniture will be moldy if it is not done.

When the weather turns fine, all doors and windows can be opened to accelerate the evaporation of water. However, the outdoor air humidity is at the highest value at noon, so it is not suitable to open the window. It should be adjusted in the afternoon or at night when the climate is dry.

In addition, when opening the north window, we should also pay attention to the distance between the window and the north building. If the distance is too close, it will reflect the air from the south. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the window opening time.

Try several simple ways to solve the humidity at home.

What if the ground at home is wet?

The use of quicklime can remove the moisture in the home very well. 1 kg quicklime can absorb about 0.3 kg of water in the air, which can be regarded as a good simple adsorbent. Wrap the quicklime in cloth or sack and put it indoors to keep the indoor air dry.

Some residents burn a pot of charcoal fire or put a stove in a humid room to raise the indoor temperature so that the water vapor can't condense, thus reducing the indoor humidity. This is also a way. However, this move must pay attention to ventilation, otherwise the consequences will be serious.

Now many air conditioners have the function of dehumidification. This method is simple and feasible, but its effect is slow. In order to save energy, it is better to use less.

What should I do if the walls at home are wet?

A wall one foot above the ground is always wet. How to change it? The reason is that the cement may have been mixed with clods during construction, but it was not dry at that time and has been wet until now. The solution is to take out the clods inside and repaint them with cement. ! !

Put some hygroscopic substances indoors, such as economical quicklime (lump lime). If the outside air humidity is too high, remember to close the doors and windows; If the room is too humid, air conditioners and fans can be used to dehumidify the room to ensure ventilation.

If there is "sweat" on the wall, it is recommended to buy a dehumidifier to dehumidify.

In long-term humid areas, charcoal can be placed indoors or bamboo charcoal can be laid under the indoor floor, which has a good effect on indoor humidity balance, dust mite prevention and air purification.

Don't keep anything indoors (flowers, birds, fish, insects, all kinds of pets), especially fish and all kinds of plants (including cacti).

Little things have great influence.

Many citizens began to buy mildewproof and dehumidifying products. Various products such as moisture-absorbing boxes, dehumidifying bags, moisture-proof and mildew-proof cakes and mothballs are sought after by consumers. For example, water-absorbing boxes, common water-absorbing products on the market, generally take calcium chloride particles as the main component, and most of them also add essence components, which can integrate dehumidification, fragrance, mildew prevention, deodorization and other functions, and are mostly used in wardrobes and shoe cabinets; The principle of moisture-absorbing bag is similar to that of moisture-absorbing box, and it is mostly used to seal the space. The content is mainly water-absorbing resin, which becomes jelly-like after water absorption and is not easy to disperse into powder. Can be widely used for moisture absorption of clothes, electrical appliances and the like, and has good effect.

In fact, it is not necessary to buy professional dehumidification equipment to prevent moisture, and some simple small items can also have an "immediate" effect. There are also many wastes that can be used in daily life, such as desiccant in food bags. If you pay attention to the collection at ordinary times, put it in a sealed container and take it out when necessary. In addition, charcoal and bamboo charcoal can also play a good role in moisture prevention and odor removal. Take a cloth bag, put charcoal or bamboo charcoal in it, and tie the mouth of the bag tightly to make a simple moisture-proof bag. After use, it can be used repeatedly in the sun, which can be described as good quality and low price.

Moisture-proof articles

Household items have their own emphasis on moistureproof.

Wet weather will bring adverse effects on our daily necessities to a great extent. Some items go bad and taste bad, while others have performance degradation and even potential safety hazards. So our moistureproof work can start with all kinds of important items.

Moistureproof clothes

Humidity index: ★★★★ Humidity

Symptoms: deformation, odor, mildew.

Moisture-proof measures: using desiccant, active drying,

For people who often wash clothes, Huang Meitian is the biggest headache: clothes are easy to get wet, but they can't do it because they haven't seen the sun for a long time ... In the rainy season, it is unrealistic to expect the sun to show more, so some "old experiences" have to mention: Don't put away the worn clothes immediately, put them away first, and then put them in the cabinet or box after the sweat and rain are removed; After washing clothes, take a hot water bottle to dry, and then hang it to dry; You can use electric fans, hair dryers, etc. Drying clothes ...

Washing clothes is the basis of moistureproof and mildewproof. Moisture in clothes can lead to the reproduction and growth of mold or eggs. So clothes must be thoroughly dried before they can be put into the cupboard. Moisture-proof agent should be hung about 10 cm above clothes to make its effective components fully volatilize and achieve good results. In the rainy season, the door of the storage box should be opened as little as possible to avoid mildew of fabrics with strong hygroscopicity such as cotton, hemp, silk and wool. Sweaters, trousers and high-grade clothes should not be stored in plastic bags to avoid moisture accumulation and mildew in clothes. Leather clothing must be placed in a dry place, with mothballs with good effect, and don't press other items on it. All wool and cashmere should avoid direct sunlight.

Moisture-proof furniture

Humidity index: ★★★★★★★ Humidity

Symptoms: Paint peeling, rusting, cracking and deformation.

Moisture-proof measures: desiccant dehumidification

How to keep the indoor space dry and comfortable is a big problem, especially for furniture made of different materials at home. It is a pity that the life of furniture will be shortened sharply if it is expensive to buy. Furniture made of metal, leather and solid wood belongs to "the corner seriously affected by the disaster", and especially needs targeted special care.

For leather furniture, excessive humidity will lead to rapid aging of leather, so there are leather furniture at home. After dust removal, it is best to apply mink oil, sheep oil and leather oil on its surface, which can not only soften leather, but also prevent moisture and mildew. Metal furniture should always be scrubbed with a damp cloth and a soft cleaner, and should not be used in a humid environment as far as possible, and attention should be paid to waterproof and moistureproof. In case of wet weather, it is best to clean it with a dry rag.

Now many solid wood furniture have undergone strict drying process before leaving the factory, but this does not mean that it can be moisture-proof. To deal with the water drops on wooden furniture, dry cloth can be soaked in special cleaning agent for wooden furniture, and a protective film can be formed on the surface of wooden furniture to prevent water vapor from infiltrating into the interior of wooden furniture to some extent.

Solid wood furniture is also vulnerable to moisture, and wood is easy to expand and mold when it is wet. In this case, you might as well put a piece of soap in a moldy place, or put dry tea residue in a gauze bag to help eliminate the musty smell.

Rattan furniture is relatively moisture-proof. The advantage of rattan furniture is that it will return to its original shape and size after drying and wetting. Therefore, when rattan furniture is damp, as long as its weaving shape and its gap are not deformed, it is ok.

Moisture-proof household appliances

Humidity index: ★★

Symptoms of dampness: difficulty in starting, short circuit and leakage, inability to work, etc.

Moisture-proof measures: dust removal, regular start-up and use of desiccant.

The main reason why household appliances are afraid of humidity is that humidity will lead to bacterial growth and leakage. So what exactly should we do? First of all, try to place large household appliances in a ventilated place. It is best to move the washing machine out of the bathroom and put it in an elevated position to help keep it dry. In addition, when the weather is wet, it is also correct to put the household appliances in standby state, because when in standby, the transformer and other working parts inside the machine will emit some heat, which is helpful to dispel the moisture inside the machine. However, in order to save energy, the time for household appliances to stand by and prevent moisture should not be too long, preferably within one hour, and should avoid the peak period of electricity consumption.

Some household appliances, such as televisions and computers, have many small holes in their shells. After a long time, dust particles will enter the inside of the appliance through these small holes. When the weather is wet, the condensed water will condense dust, leading to problems such as disconnection and leakage of household appliances. In this regard, users can use the hair dryer to blow the small holes on the housing of household appliances up and down, left and right to disperse the dust and moisture inside the appliances.

The key point of moistureproof of digital shooting equipment is to prevent the lens from getting moldy and the electronic parts from getting damp. Therefore, cameras, video cameras, lenses and other equipment that are easy to be damp and moldy should be taken out of the leather bag and lens barrel first. The equipment to be taken out should be wiped clean with a soft cloth. After blowing the dust clean, gently wipe the lens with suede or lens paper to prevent mold from sticking on it. And then stored in a sealed drying box to spend the rainy season. Moisture-proof masks, desiccants and other moisture-proof products on the market are also good choices, and you can choose them when you need them.

Professionals also reminded that for electrical appliances that have been used for a certain number of years, professional maintenance personnel must come to the door to repair problems, clean up the internal dust, and do not do it yourself to prevent leakage.

Food moistureproof

Humidity index: ★★★★

Symptoms of dampness: softening, mildewing and deterioration.

Moisture-proof measures: dry, low temperature and ventilation.

The humidity is very high in rainy season, and food mildew prevention is the key. Sausage, ham, mushrooms, fungus and other foods are easily moldy and boring.

Drying, low temperature and ventilation are the three magic weapons to deal with food mildew. The "traditional method" of absorbing water with dry lime is the most economical and practical method to prevent mushrooms, fungus, peanuts, red dates and other foods from becoming moldy. There are many "small bags" of desiccants, antioxidants and fungicides in molded packaged foods, which can also be used in Huangmei field. It is particularly important to note that rice, flour and other foods should never be bought too much at a time, and must be stored in a ventilated place.

Sausage, ham, and meat pickled foods are prone to mildew when the weather is hot and humid, producing carcinogenic aflatoxin. You can dip a cotton swab in a little vegetable oil, spread it evenly on the surface, and then hang it in a well-ventilated place to prevent mildew. Mushrooms should be kept in sealed containers to avoid sun exposure. If the mushrooms are slightly moldy, brush off the moldy flowers and bake them without washing. Adding a little kelp to rice can kill pests, inhibit mold and make rice not moldy.

Drug moistureproof

Humidity index: ★★★★

Dampness symptoms: discoloration, caking and mildew.

Moisture-proof measures: sealing, low temperature

If you have the habit of storing small medicine boxes at home, you need to pay attention to whether the medicines stored at home will deteriorate due to moisture in the rainy season. You can also start to do your own moistureproof work for drugs.

Generally speaking, among western medicines kept at home, sugar-coated tablets, granules (granules), capsules, effervescent tablets, etc. are easy to deteriorate due to moisture. The sugar-coated tablets appear mottled and discolored after being wetted; Particles in granules and capsules are easy to agglomerate and stick into strips when wet; Effervescent tablet is a kind of dosage form that disintegrates and dissolves rapidly in water. Dissolving AIDS are added in the production of effervescent tablets, which makes it easier to absorb moisture.

Now, in order to prevent drugs from getting wet, some pharmaceutical companies will put a layer of aluminum-plastic bag on the outside of the capsule when packaging, which has a good moisture-proof effect. Of course, there is no need to be so particular about storing medicine at home. Fresh-keeping bags can be used as aluminum-plastic bags to prevent moisture, and some medicines can also be stored in glass bottles or sealed plastic boxes. If the environment is too humid or the medicine is easy to absorb moisture, it can be stored with desiccant.

The moistureproof of Chinese herbal medicines is complicated. If the ambient temperature and humidity are high, Chinese herbal medicines are easy to deteriorate. There are many ways to protect Chinese herbal medicines from moisture. For example, there are a large number of Chinese herbal medicines that can be kept in sealed boxes. If the amount is small and the medicinal materials are general, they can be stored in the refrigerator; However, if it is more expensive medicinal materials, such as Cordyceps, velvet antler and so on. , can be packed in a sealed bag, or wrapped in moisture-proof paper and placed at the bottom of the rice jar (the method is simple but practical). Under normal circumstances, medicinal materials can do a good job of moisture-proof, and basically will not be moldy. However, in the rainy season, the movement times of medicinal materials should be reduced, and the medicinal materials should be sealed immediately after being taken out to minimize the air flow around the medicinal materials.

Moisture-proof paper collection

Humidity index: ★★★★

Damp symptoms: yellow pages, mildew, moths.

Moisture-proof measures: drying in the sun and storing at low temperature.

Many families have the habit of collecting books, and many citizens collect paper products such as stamps, coins, calligraphy and painting, newspapers and various tickets. In the rainy season, this kind of paper collection is also prone to mildew. If it is a stamp, choose an afternoon when the sun is shining, erect the stamp album in the shade of the recent photo, open the pages to dry, but don't let the sun shine directly to prevent the paper from becoming dry and brittle. Wrap the stamps with two layers of fresh-keeping paper and put them in the refrigerator or camphor wood cabinet with desiccant. If stamps and tickets are moldy, they can be soaked in hydrogen peroxide or fresh milk and lightly brushed to remove the moldy spots on the surface. Wash with clear water, and then dry. Don't expose yourself to the sun.

For books, moth prevention and moisture prevention need to be carried out at the same time. Ordinary families can use special glass cabinets to store them, and try to open the door as little as possible; The camphor wood cabinet has natural insect-proof function and is suitable for storing books. In addition, it is necessary to put some desiccant and special insect repellent in the book storage place; There is a lot of rain in the rainy season, so you might as well wet the room regularly. Finally, remind collectors not to use plastic paper or plastic boxes to keep books. Plastic itself has a corrosive effect. Long-term contact with books will make the paper soft and crack, and the collection value will be greatly reduced.

Moisture-proof articles for human body

Keep your body dry.

In the comfortable rainy season, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, skin diseases, gynecological diseases and other threats to public health caused by humid and sultry weather are gradually increasing. People's body and mind also need moisture protection. To this end, professional doctors remind the public that seasonal diseases should be prevented in advance when entering the rainy season.

Close the entrance and breathe.

Because the rainy season is hot and humid, it is conducive to the reproduction and growth of mold and bacteria, and food is prone to mildew and deterioration. People who eat deteriorated food will cause diarrhea, vomiting and even food poisoning. Therefore, first of all, we must do a good job of "getting sick from the mouth". Pay attention to the separation of raw and cooked food in rainy season to avoid cross infection. Overnight meals should be heated back to the pot. The food in the refrigerator should not be stored for too long. Don't eat at the stall casually. If you have acute gastrointestinal diseases, you should go to the hospital in time. If you feel upset in your stomach or the food is not fresh after eating, you can drink some vegetable soup or boiled water properly, or take a small amount of antibiotics, such as berberine tablets, to play a preventive role.

The rainy season is also the season when children often get sick. Children's diseases are mainly respiratory infections, including colds, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and so on. Some children with weak resistance will even have recurrent attacks and it is not easy to recover. The doctor said that there are a lot of preserved fruits and cold drinks on the market during the rainy season. If children eat without restraint, coupled with excessive use of air conditioning, it is easy to cause diseases. Doctors remind parents that bacteria are easy to breed in rainy season, so parents should pay attention to their children's food hygiene and avoid eating raw seafood. Fruits should be washed and disinfected, and seasonal fresh fruits such as bayberry and peach should be eaten in moderation. Don't overeat and try to eat less or no frozen items. At the same time, parents should reasonably urge their children to strengthen physical exercise and enhance their physique.

For elderly patients suffering from diseases such as hypertension, doctors also reminded that great changes in air pressure and temperature in rainy season can easily lead to autonomic nerve dysfunction, vasoconstriction, blocked blood flow, increased myocardial oxygen consumption and increased cardiac load, which can easily induce myocardial infarction and stroke. At the same time, rainy days are also the season with frequent skin diseases, and the warm and humid environment is suitable for the growth and reproduction of fungi. Therefore, the doctor suggested that special attention should be paid to personal hygiene in rainy days, the surrounding environment is ventilated and dry, and the body is partially dry.

Relax and stay away from depression

Hot and cold, dry and wet weather can easily cause people's psychological and emotional fluctuations. Moreover, hot and humid weather is also easy to induce mental illness, manifested as poor sleep, poor self-control, easy to lose temper, and increased inertia. Women, idlers and people who work indoors all the year round are more likely to suffer from depression in the rainy season.

Professionals suggest that in rainy days or when there is no sunshine in the morning and evening, try to make the indoor light sufficient. People can mobilize their emotions, enhance their excitement and reduce or eliminate their depression by doing activities under the condition of sufficient light. Secondly, in humid weather, people should appropriately increase the intake of sugar to improve blood sugar level, increase vitality and relieve depression, except for diabetics. In addition, take vitamin B complex and oryzanol properly to regulate mental mood.

Citizens can also stay in an environment with good ventilation facilities. It is best to wear loose, breathable and light clothes, drink more water or natural fruit juice, drink less coffee, cola and alcoholic beverages, and appropriately reduce the amount of exercise. Pay attention to adjust mood and keep happy.