The propaganda language to protect the traditional opera culture in China. Brief introduction of China traditional opera.

China traditional opera brings together the essence of China culture.

Drama is the cradle of China civilization,

Let drama enter our campus,

Let drama be integrated into our lives.

China opera is mainly composed of folk songs and dances, rap and burlesque. It originated from primitive song and dance and is a comprehensive stage art form with a long history. From the Han and Tang Dynasties to the Song and Jin Dynasties, a relatively complete opera art was formed, consisting of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts, with about 360 kinds. It is characterized by the collection of various art forms in a standard, which embodies their respective personalities in the same nature. The famous operas are: Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, Guangdong Opera, Sichuan Opera, Qin Opera, Pingju Opera, Shanxi Opera, Han Opera, Hebei Bangzi, xiang opera, Huangmei Opera and Hunan Ancient Painting Opera.

catalogue

Chinese opera

Development period 1, germination

2. Prosperity

Step 3 extend

4. heyday

Golden times 1, Yuan Zaju

2. Ming Dynasty drama

3. Drama in Qing Dynasty

major feature

Artistic appearance 1, performing stories with songs and dances

Step 2 stay away from life.

3. The space-time form of separation

4. Virtual technology

First, it originated from primitive songs and dances.

Second, the art of rap

Third, end the fruits of drama.

Role line 1, main type

2. Business and Role Creation

Classification of traditional Chinese opera facial makeup

Local opera music

Complete Drama: China Opera

Development period 1, germination

2. Prosperity

Step 3 extend

4. heyday

Golden times 1, Yuan Zaju

2. Ming Dynasty drama

3. Drama in Qing Dynasty

major feature

Artistic appearance 1, performing stories with songs and dances

Step 2 stay away from life.

3. The space-time form of separation

4. Virtual technology

First, it originated from primitive songs and dances.

Second, the art of rap

Third, end the fruits of drama.

Role line 1, main type

2. Business and Role Creation

Classification of traditional Chinese opera facial makeup

The Complete Works of China Opera, Music and Drama was released in Zhu Shuizhao, Yin Guifang.

Edit this China opera.

China opera is mainly composed of three different artistic forms: folk song and dance, rap and burlesque. It originated from primitive song and dance and is a comprehensive stage art form with a long history. It was not until the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties that a relatively complete opera art was formed, consisting of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts, with about 360 kinds. It is characterized by the collection of various art forms in a standard, which embodies their respective personalities in the same nature. Famous operas include: Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, Guangdong Opera, Huai Opera, Sichuan Opera, Qin Opera, Pingju Opera, Shanxi Opera, Han Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, xiang opera Opera, Huangmei Opera, Hunan Opera, etc.

Edit this development cycle

1, bud

In primitive society, primitive songs and dances were produced in villages where clans lived together. With the gradual growth of clans, songs and dances also gradually developed and improved. For example, in many ancient rural areas, there is still a long tradition of singing and dancing, such as "Nuo Opera"; At the same time, some new songs and dances, such as "Shehuo" and "Yangko", came into being to meet people's spiritual needs. It is these song and dance performances that have created a group of skilled folk artists and made some progress in the direction of opera.

2. Prosperity

From the middle of the12nd century to the beginning of the13rd century, professional art and commercial performance groups, Yuan zaju and Jin Yuan editions, which reflected citizens' life and views, were gradually produced, such as Yuan created by Guan Hanqing, Autumn in the Han Palace created by Ma Zhiyuan, Revenge of Zhao Orphan and so on. This period is the prosperous period of China traditional opera stage.

Step 3 extend

/kloc-In the middle of the Ming Dynasty in the 6th century, Kunqu Opera rose in the south of the Yangtze River, with performances by Qiu Haidong and Chen Lijuan, and Huai Opera "Fifteen Passes" and "Zhanhuakui" and other repertoires poured out.

Eyes. The opera popular with farmers in this period was Yiyang Opera, which originated in Anhui and Jiangxi, and Kunqu Opera was popular with feudal elites.

4. heyday

Most of the works in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties describe heroes in people's hearts, such as Mu, Tao Sanchun and Zhao Kuangyin. At this time, local operas mainly included northern Bangzi and southern Pihuang. Peking Opera was produced on the basis of the high prosperity of local operas in Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Tongzhi and Guangxu, the first generation of Peking Opera actors and masters of different schools appeared, which marked the maturity and prosperity of Peking Opera. Soon, Beijing opera developed all over the country, especially in Shanghai and Tianjin. Peking Opera has become a widely influential drama, which has pushed China's traditional opera art to a new height.

Editing this golden age

1, Yuan Zaju

The drama of the Yuan Dynasty is called Yuan Zaju. Yuan Zaju is not only a mature advanced drama form, but also regarded as the mainstream of a generation of literature because of its most distinctive characteristics of the times and artistic originality. Yuan Zaju was originally centered on Dadu (now Beijing) and was popular in the north. After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, it developed into a national drama. In the Yuan Dynasty, the stars were bright and the masterpieces were like clouds. Yuan Zaju flourished, and artistic development and social reality provided an opportunity from two aspects. Judging from the development of art itself, drama has accumulated a lot and reached maturity after a long brewing and slow process, both in internal structure and external performance. Just at this time, after experiencing the heyday and glory of Tang and Song Dynasties, traditional poetry went into decline. In the eyes of talented artists, the theater art park is a new land waiting for them to cultivate. From the social reality, the abolition of the imperial examination system by the rulers of Yuan and Mongolia not only cut off the possibility of intellectuals entering the official career, but also relegated them to a very low position: only higher than beggars and lower than ordinary people and prostitutes. These highly educated intellectuals have fallen into the bottom of society. In the helplessness of alienating classics from history and indifferent poetry, they had to go to Goulan Washe to kill time and find a way out. As a result, the emerging Yuan Zaju unexpectedly gained a group of professional creators. They have an industry organization called "Reading Club", and the playwright who joined the reading club is called "Mr. Reading Club". These impoverished literati cooperated and competed in groups, creating the golden age of China's drama. Different from previous poems that tend to express subjective feelings and interests, Yuan Zaju takes it as its responsibility to reflect the society widely. Obviously, this is because writers have lived in Luxiang village for a long time and have a deep understanding and feeling of reality. The script system of Yuan Zaju is mostly composed of "four folds and one wedge". 40% off is a paragraph with four plots, just like making a fuss about inheritance and combination. The wedge is short, usually placed before the first fold, which is somewhat similar to the later "prelude". In art, Yuan Zaju mainly sings and combines rap. Each fold is composed of several tunes in the same palace tune into a suite. There is only one rhyme in the whole set, with Zheng Dan as the leading role or Zheng Dan as the leading role. This kind of "one-person lead singer" can give full play to the specialty of singing art and shape the protagonist heartily. Being influenced by the tradition of joining the army, Nianbai is often gagged and full of humor. Unifying the music structure with the drama structure, so as to achieve a regular system, which shows the maturity and perfection of the art of Yuan Zaju.

2. Ming Dynasty drama

Because the legendary drama style lasted until the Qing dynasty, it was also called the Ming and Qing legends. Legends of Ming and Qing Dynasties inherited the Southern Opera system in form, which is more complete. A script, mostly only about 30, is often divided into two parts; The author also pays special attention to the compactness of the structure and the interweaving of themes. Legendary music is also a combination of music and cards, but it is more developed than southern opera, and ten-fold opera is no longer limited to a palace tune; The number of qupai also depends on the needs of the plot; All the characters on the stage can sing. Legends of Ming and Qing Dynasties contain many local accents. Among them, Kunshan cavity and Yiyang cavity are the most widespread and far-reaching ones. After Wei Liangfu's political reform in Jiajing period (the year of birth and death is unknown), Kunshan dialect created a euphemistic, delicate, smooth and distant "ink and wash tone", which paid attention to clarity, correctness and purity. Combining string, flute and drum board, a full range of band accompaniment was established. The performance of "Huansha Ji" made Kunshan Opera a national opera through the stage. Yiyang Opera originated in Jiangxi, which is mainly popular among the people and performed by Jianghu Troupe. Every time it spread to a place, it merged the local language and folk music and evolved into a localized voice cavity. Yiyang Opera does not need orchestral accompaniment, but only uses gongs and drums and Kunqu Opera "Peony Pavilion"-a garden tour.

In order to have a sense of rhythm, singing in unison, taking the form of mentoring and helping each other, is characterized by popularity, folk, and focusing on performance effects. It and the elegant style of Kunshan Opera form two different trends of China Opera. After long-term stage practice, the role division of Ming drama is more detailed. For example, Kunshan dialect has the word 12, and the protagonist is not limited to being positive, and the ugliness is not just teasing. In the late Ming Dynasty, the stage became popular, with opera performance as the main fashion. The so-called passbook drama refers to the projects selected from the whole legendary repertoire. It's just some relatively independent fragments of the whole drama, but in these fragments, the scenes are wonderful and the singing skills are excellent. The appearance of Zhezi Opera is the result of the strong development of drama performance art, and it is also the necessity of time and stage elutriation. After the audience is familiar with the plot, they can enjoy the performance skills of the opera. Peony Pavilion's Gardens and Dreams, Moon-worshipping Pavilion's Treading Umbrella and Yue Bai, and Jade Hairpin's Picking the Qin and Chasing the Boat have become popular and enduring masterpieces.

3. Drama in Qing Dynasty

The Palace of Eternal Life is based on the love story between Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. From the moment there was a little truth between the emperor and the princess, Yang Yuhuan defended her stable relationship with Li Longji. She is jealous, curious, noisy and invites all kinds of pets. As the son of heaven, Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty "relaxed the imperial court and occupied the love field". The abandonment of Chaogang aroused the resistance of An Lushan, an aspirant, and the resentment of the army and the people. Under the pressure of sergeant mutiny, Emperor Tang Ming sentenced Yang Yuhuan to death in Maweipo. However, the change of Ma Wei is not the end of the play. Since then, Hong Sheng has pinned his emotional realization on the ideal heaven. The hero and heroine fly to fairyland, and in their regrets and dreams, love is finally sublimated and purified. The Palace of Eternal Life is not a simple love drama, but a well-known Li Yang love story in a broad social and political background. The sincere oath between the emperor and the princess, the endless yearning between heaven and earth, is Hong Sheng's eulogy and tragic call for the most affectionate ideal; At the same time, in the long scroll of social unrest and people's livelihood, Hong Sheng's consciousness of the rise and fall of the country and his political criticism of the emperor's "neglecting the country" have been clearly reflected. Therefore, The Palace of Eternal Life greatly appreciates the shaping of Li Yang's image. The emotion in Hong Sheng's works contains two opposing aspects, good and bad, which is an insurmountable contradiction between him and his works.

Edit the main features of this paragraph.

China's traditional opera, Greek tragedy and comedy, and Indian Sanskrit drama are called the three ancient drama cultures in the world. The first person who used the word "opera" in history was Song (1240- 13 19), who proposed "Yongjia Opera" in The Biography of the Poet Wu. What he said was "Southern Opera", "Drama" and "Yongjia Opera". Since modern Wang Guowei, "drama" has been used as the general name of traditional drama culture in China. China's traditional opera is a comprehensive art, a combination of time art and space art, which is possessed by the drama culture of all countries in the world, especially China's opera. China Opera is a form of drama centered on the comprehensive performance of singing, reading, doing and playing. It is rich in artistic means of expression, and its comprehensive combination with the performing arts makes China opera full of special charm. It integrates the beauty of lyrics, music, art and performance, controls a play with rhythm, achieves harmony and unity, fully mobilizes the appeal of various artistic means, and forms a unique rhythmic performance art in China. The most important feature of China's traditional operas is virtuality. Stage art does not simply imitate life, but selects, refines, exaggerates and beautifies the prototype of life, bringing the audience directly into the art palace. Another artistic feature of China opera is stylization, such as closing the door, getting on the horse and taking a boat. The program in traditional Chinese opera is both normative and flexible, so the art of traditional Chinese opera is properly called regular free action. Synthesis, virtuality and formality are the main artistic features of China traditional operas. These characteristics, which condensed the essence of China's traditional culture, formed a unique view of drama, and made China's operas shine with unique artistic brilliance on the stage of world drama culture.