Why is Alexander I called "the mysterious czar"?

Alexander I was the 13th czar of the Romanov dynasty in Russia, and later he was called "the mysterious czar" and "the Sphinx of the North". Although he ruled for a short time, he left many unsolved mysteries for later generations.

Paul, the father of Alexander I, is the product of a one-night affair between Queen Catherine II and her lover Saarti Cove. After Paul was born, the queen was extremely cold to this son who should not have been born. After Paul became an adult, the relationship between mother and son became more tense, and both avoided seeing each other in public. After the birth of his grandson, the maternal instinct of Queen Catherine II suddenly revived, giving him a maternal love that even his son Paul had never had, and he personally made a detailed training plan in spite of his busy schedule. She decided that the newborn would replace Paul as the real heir to the throne, so she named her grandson Alexander herself, hoping that he would have the character and achievements of Alexander Nevsky, a famous ancient Russian monarch.

When Alexander grew up, he gradually realized the serious discord between his father and grandmother, and was forced to deal with them. He knows very well that his grandmother wearing a crown can give him everything, so he tries to please her and often wins her praise with his cleverness and wit.

In her twilight years, Queen Catherine II regarded the choice of the heir to the throne as a major event. In the palace, she publicly stated: "Only the grandson Alexander can succeed in the throne." When Alexander learned about it, he immediately wrote to his grandmother to express his understanding. At the same time, he also wrote to his father Paul, in which he was called "His Majesty" in advance, indicating that what was said in the palace was a rumor.

The queen secretly drafted an imperial edict, announcing the abolition of Paul's right to inherit the throne and making Alexander the future czar. She is going to officially publish the imperial edict on November 24, 1796, and tell the world. However, the sudden incident failed Alexander's hopes, and the dissolute queen suddenly suffered a stroke on November 4, 1796, and her life was at stake. Paul rushed to the palace immediately after hearing the news, searched everywhere for the secret imperial edict that had been rumored for a long time, and finally found the imperial edict in the queen's dressing table and set it on fire. On November 6th, the famous Queen Catherine passed away. After waiting for 34 years, Paul finally ascended the throne of the emperor.

under the reign of Paul's terror, the whole country complained bitterly.

At 11: pm on March 11th, 181, Zhu Bofu and Bennigsen led their cronies into Paul's bedroom and announced:

"Your Majesty is unable to run the country, please sign the abdication."

Paul refused desperately, and the candlelight went out. In the darkness, a general put a slow belt around Paul's neck. After a few minutes, Paul died. Russia began the reign of Alexander.

It is recognized that Paul I died suddenly, but there are different opinions about whether Alexander participated. There are three main theories:

First, it is believed that Alexander directly participated in the plot and even his brother Constantine personally participated in the assassination on the evening of March 11th. This statement is a traditional one.

Secondly, Alexander knew about the murder in advance, but he didn't stop it, so he stayed out of it and sat tight. This statement is more credible.

Thirdly, it is believed that Alexander can't take part in conspiracy activities, whether out of the laws of human relations or out of the affection between father and son. The reason is that the relationship between Alexander and Paul has always been good, and Paul promulgated the law of succession to the throne of the eldest son at the beginning of his accession to the throne, and has legally confirmed Alexander's position as the chief crown prince, so Alexander has no reason to violate the dogma.

After Alexander came to power, his greatest achievement was to defeat Napoleon's invasion, which made him famous. However, shortly after the victory of the Great Patriotic War, he went reactionary. At home, he appointed treacherous court official Arakchev, and increasingly pursued the policy of extreme absolutism, so that the country was in turmoil. Abroad, he organized the so-called "holy alliance" with Austria and the United States, and acted as the executioner to suppress the people's revolutions in various countries.

In life, he escapes from reality and believes in religion. But pain always seems to haunt him, making his thoughts increasingly dark. At this time, just as Moscow was flooded and houses were seriously damaged, more than 5 people were killed. Similar floods occurred in the year when Alexander was born. This coincidence was a serious blow to his spirit and was regarded as "God's punishment for himself". Because, the death of his father has been a heart disease that has been entangled in his heart for many years.

Alexander, whose spirit was on the verge of collapse, went to Taganrog, a small town on the coast of Azov, to recuperate with Queen Elizabeth in September 1825. Soon, the Russian royal family issued an obituary: His Majesty the Tsar died of illness in the rest ground at the age of 47.

His death caused a series of questions.

first, why did the tsar choose this place as a resting place? One side of this small town in Tagang Rogge is adjacent to the prairie with constant wind and sand, and the other side is next to the stinking Azov Sea.

second, before the queen arrived, Alexander did all kinds of manual work. He said, "Get used to living another life." What is the explanation of the so-called "another life"?

Third, at the end of October, Alexander drank a cup of boiling Fu Niu Hua Guo Zi Lu, and since then, he has been feeling a little feverish. At the beginning of November, his condition improved slightly, but there is another saying that his illness is getting worse. On the 19th, there was a sudden news of the death of the czar. How did he die?

fourthly, of the 1 doctors who were called to treat diseases, only two signed the certificates. Alexander's illness described in the illness report is contrary to the actual situation in many places. It is proved that he suffered from intermittent fever, which caused hepatosplenomegaly, but the tsar did not have the disease. Two days later, on the 21st, people attended the embalming ceremony of his body. However, the face of the deceased was completely decomposed, and people could not recognize the appearance of the former tsar. The next day, the coffin was forbidden to open, and the Lingshu could not be transported back to the capital. When the czar's family finally bid farewell to the body, Prince Proust was surprised by the appearance of the deceased ... All kinds of situations are unreasonable. Why?

Shortly after the death of the Tsar, legends and speculations spread like wildfire: some people said that the Tsar had gone on a pilgrimage to the holy land of Palestine on an English ship; It is also rumored that the Tsar was kidnapped by Cossacks and hid; It was also revealed that the Tsar had secretly traveled to America. Although there are different opinions, they all agree that the czar is not dead. In 1921, the Soviet Union excavated Alexander's coffin and found it was empty. Historians assume that the body of "body double" has been quietly removed.

one day after the death of the tsar for 1 years. In a village in the Urals Mountains, an old man who called himself Fedor Cuzmici suddenly appeared, with elegant appearance and extraordinary appearance. He couldn't prove his identity and experience. The police asked him that he knew nothing about himself. It is said that he looks very much like Alexander. According to the law, he was fined 2 boards and immediately exiled to Siberia. First, I moved continuously, and finally I got my own cottage with the support of a wealthy businessman, Kromov.

This Cuzmici knows all about important political affairs. He often talks about Filaret, the Archbishop of Moscow, and Fodis, the abbot of the monastery, recounting Marshal Kutuzov's brilliant exploits, describing the grand occasion of Russian troops' entry into Paris, and even remembering the left and right personnel of the Tsar at that time. It is believed that this old man named Cuzmici must have had close contacts with politicians. Some people say that he often received money and clothes from a woman named Mary Flo Dogovna (the mother of Alexander I) during a certain period of time. Another farmer said that the Bishop of Irkutsk had personally visited him and had a long talk with him.

He also behaves like a tsar and likes to put his thumb in the middle of his belt. Alexander I's eldest son and Alexander III's younger brother visited the elder. An accompanying veteran once shouted in front of Cuzmici:

"This is our czar."

there is one more thing that confuses people. He adopted an orphan girl, much like the child of Alexander and his mistress. Cuzmici always refuses when villagers match her up.

He said,

"Your status is noble, and you can marry an officer in the future."

He introduced his adopted daughter to visit famous families and Tsar Nicholas I. The czar received her and asked her about her adoptive father. Later, the adopted daughter really married an officer.

Cuzmici died on January 2th 1864. Until his death, he never revealed his identity. When someone begged him to reveal his life experience, he always answered others' expectations with the old saying that "God will recognize his loved ones" repeated countless times.

After his death, people built a small ancestral temple for him, and the tombstone said, "Here is the chosen one of God-Fedor Cuzmici." "God's Choice" is the title formally accepted by Alexander I after his victory over Napoleon.

in addition, there are two thought-provoking questions.

Question 1: A doctor who was involved in the treatment of Alexander never attended the prayer ceremony commemorating Alexander's death on November 19th every year. On January 21st, 1864, he prayed for Alexander's dead. He said with tears, "The czar is really dead now!"

Question 2: On the wall of Alexander II's office, someone saw Cuzmici's portrait hanging somehow.

Everything seems clear, but quite a few people hold totally different views from the above and ask many questions.

(1) At that time, Queen Elizabeth was suffering from severe lung disease, and her death was not far away. After making up with her, Alexander I was so affectionate and considerate to her that it was impossible to abandon her on impulse. Even if you want to leave, you have to wait until the queen dies.

(2) If the Tsar's departure has been brewing for a long time, why didn't he properly solve the problem of successor selection before leaving?

(3) If the Tsar carries out the switch plan and brings back a body similar to his appearance, there must be many people to help him, including officers, doctors, secretaries and Queen Elizabeth herself. The Queen has been waiting at the patient's bed at the last minute. After the Tsar's death, she wrote a sad letter to her mother, the Crown Prince and other relatives. It is impossible for her to perform such a heartbreaking farce so calmly, nor can she spend all day in Lacrimosa just to avoid suspicion from outsiders.

(4) Archduke Nikolai mikhailovich, the grandnephew of Alexander I, after carefully reading the secret archives of the palace, also concluded that Alexander I did die in Taganrog. In his opinion, with Alexander's personality, he would not be so elegant to perform this farce. At that time, the czar was middle-aged, so he went to penance at all costs and without attachments, which was really inconsistent with his character.

If the switch plan is a myth, then it is necessary to identify who the old man Fedor Cuzmici who suddenly appeared is.

Archduke Nikolai mikhailovich has studied this issue, and he tends to think that this Chojahara is the illegitimate child of Paul I and the naval officer Simon Willicki. However, some people think that he was Uvalov, an officer of the Guards Cavalry. It is said that Uvalov ran away from home in 1827 and his whereabouts are unknown. Others believe that the elder is just a Russian aristocrat who left his hometown for a change of environment.