What are the best domestic breeding programs

Straw residue farming yellow mealworm eco-farming spiny frog

Spiny frog, also known as stone frogs, stone clams, is an aquatic type of frogs in the water life type, and prefer to live in a cave, is China's larger wild edible frogs, mainly distributed in the south, the villagers in the mountainous areas called "mountain spirit". It is currently being farmed artificially.

One, the biological characteristics of the spiny-breasted frog

(a) habitat

The spiny-breasted frog can be active on land, but also in the water life, a lifetime away from the water. The ecological conditions of the spiny-breasted frog are more demanding, requiring a "clear, cool and quiet" habitat. "Clear" is the requirement of fresh water, no pollution; "cool" is the requirement of moderate water temperature, the best year-round water temperature is maintained at l2 ~ 25 ℃; "quiet" is the requirement of habitat away from human activities, lush forests and trees. The "quiet" requirement is that the habitat should be far away from human activity areas, lush forests and quiet environments. Even in summer and fall, the habitat water temperature should not be higher than 28℃. If the habitat water temperature is lower than 12 ℃, the spiny-breasted frog will enter the hibernation state; up to 30 ℃, there will be summer hibernation, do not eat, but also very little activity; more than 35 ℃, the activity is abnormal, and even death.

The spiny-breasted frog prefers to live in waters with sandy substrate and requires neutral to weakly acidic water, i.e. pH 6.0 -7.0. The success of artificial breeding depends largely on the reasonableness of the site selection, i.e. whether the ecological environment of the farm is suitable for the growth and reproduction of the frogs.

The spiny-breasted frog is a burrowing animal. During the day, it hides in a cave or in the mouth of a cave. The cave is located close to the water surface, the hole is not big, but the hole is deeper, mostly in 30 - 50cm or deeper. Hibernation, often male and female cohabitation, the size of the **** in a cave.

(2) Activity Characteristics

The spiny-breasted frog is used to ambulate by day and come out by night. Rarely go out during the day, only to dusk, only from the hiding place climbed out, along the mountain slopes or ravines grass for food, until midnight or even dawn, only to return to the burrow habitat. Usually, its foraging activities are most frequent at night when the weather is cool. The spiny-breasted frog's range of activity is generally small, limited to a few dozen meters around the burrow.

The spiny-breasted frog's sensory organs are particularly sensitive, especially to changes in climate. Whenever a tropical cyclone comes, the weather is hot, the spiny frog will often come out of the nest, squatting in the wet stone cliffs, or in the stream in the grass to cool off, and frequently issued a "啯", "啯" chirping sound, the sound of the loud, dozens of meters away from the can be heard. Villagers in the mountainous areas often use this to predict changes in the weather. During the breeding season, the spiny-breasted frog also makes chirping sounds. The spiny-breasted frog has strong climbing and bouncing abilities. Under natural conditions, the spiny-breasted frog often climbs along the stone walls of waterholes in order to forage for food and for other reasons, and is therefore also known as the "stone frog". In captivity, they also climb along upright pool walls.

The spiny-breasted frog can jump as high as lm, and even a newly metamorphosed juvenile frog can jump as high as 40cm. The frogs are very restless when they arrive at a new environment and often use their good climbing ability and bouncing power to escape. Therefore, the breeding of spiny-breasted frogs, whether it is a species of frogs just returned from the wild, or their own hatching breeding of commercial frogs, should do a good job to prevent the escape, to reduce unnecessary losses.

The spiny-breasted frog is unusually sensitive to noise and vibration. When hearing the noise, or feeling the vibration, the spiny frogs will quickly escape back to their burrows, and even if they are feeding, they will abandon their food and escape. When the water level rises due to heavy rainfall and the water flow is turbid, the frogs will climb up to the high place by themselves or go into the hole to hide. This is why villagers in the mountainous areas call the frogs "mountain spirits".

(3) Age and Growth

The growth rate of the spiny-breasted frog depends on factors such as food, temperature and water quality. The growth rate varies greatly between different growth conditions. It takes 90-130 days for the tadpoles to complete the entire metamorphosis process, and in some cases up to 150 days. The growth rate of Echinodermata tadpoles and juvenile frogs is slightly faster than that of adult frogs. The newly hatched tadpoles are only about 1cm long and weigh about 0.05g. 0.05 g. In captivity, the frogs are tamed from the newly metamorphosed juvenile frogs, and both juvenile and adult frogs will also feed on dead material. The newly metamorphosed juvenile spiny-breasted frogs are 2.0-2.5cm long and weigh 3-4g. Juvenile frogs grow fast, weighing 20-40g in the first year, 80-150g in the following year, and 160-200g in the first half of the third year. Males grow faster than females. Males can weigh up to 750g, while females can weigh up to 600g.

(4) Feed and feed production technology

The food habits of the spiny-breasted frogs vary greatly at different stages of development. In the tadpole stage, under natural conditions, the early tadpoles mainly feed on the smaller phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water, such as algae and ciliates, lacewings, etc. The later large tadpoles feed on the smaller phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water. In the later stage, large tadpoles feed on moss, plant debris and even mosquito larvae, which are larger in size in the water. In captivity, egg yolks, yellow mealworm pulp are fed in the early stages, followed by a mixed diet made of wheat bran, soybean cake flour and yellow mealworms.

Metamorphosed juvenile moths and adult frogs have a wide range of diets and are mainly carnivorous. Spiny-breasted frogs mainly eat insects, earthworms, spiders, golden turtles, small centipedes, large ants and crickets and other animals that grow and reproduce locally. Individual frogs also eat small snails and plant leaves, etc., so their diet is complex. Artificial culture, you can breed yellow mealworms as their main food source, yellow mealworm breeding method is simple, occupies a small area, high yield and a wide range of feed sources, you can use the local agricultural waste, straw, rice bran, potato residue, soybean dregs, peanut shell powder, wine lees, as well as other rural wastes to breed yellow mealworms, and then use the yellow mealworms as the feed for stone frogs, yellow mealworm feces as a pig chicken or fish feed, which is also a good way to keep the frogs and chickens, but also a good way to keep the frogs. fish farming feed, which is also a very efficient ecological farming chain. Relevant data show that China's straw resources are very rich, the country's annual output of various types of crop straw about 700 million tons, equivalent to the northern grassland grass more than 50 times, accounting for the world's total output of straw 20% to 30%. China's development and utilization of straw feed is still in its infancy, the feed industry intensive production level is low. At present, it is limited to digging pits for silage and ammonia treatment on a small scale, and the vast majority of crop straw is not reasonably utilized every year, resulting in a great waste of resources. If we can use 60% of the crop straw each year, processed into feed after treatment, the benefits played by the country's entire feed grain equivalent to about (87 million tons). Therefore, the development and utilization of rich straw resources is the inevitable trend of the development of China's national feed industry. At the same time, the global demand for protein feed continues to increase, the serious lack of protein feed is particularly prominent. How to solve the growing demand for protein feed, in developed countries to try the most important and the most economical way is to develop insect protein feed resources and various types of crop residues and feedstuffs processed through various means and methods. Governments at all levels in China also attach great importance to the industrialization of insect protein resources. The Ministry of Agriculture has listed insect feed as one of the recommended 10 kinds of food-saving feed resources, and the National Animal Husbandry Development Center has also included insect breeding in the 7 kinds of breeding industries to be vigorously developed in China in the future. The State Planning Commission will "promote the industrialization of the yellow mealworm" in the 2000 high-tech industrialization project, the Ministry of Agriculture will "yellow mealworm factory production technology demonstration and promotion" in the 2001 agricultural and fishery harvest plan. Therefore, at present, the widely used feeding insect resources are mainly yellow mealworm.

Again, we can use white wine lees or beer lees to raise yellow mealworms, low cost, simple methods, large-scale production, and high efficiency. Generally every 1 ton of wet liquor dregs can be raised into 40 kilograms of fresh yellow mealworms, and if calculated at RMB 20 yuan per ton of wet liquor dregs, the feed cost for every 1 kilogram of fresh yellow mealworms raised is only RMB 0.5 yuan. Or use cassava dregs, soybean dregs, soy sauce dregs and other waste residues to raise yellow mealworms, then a ton of cassava dregs is 40 to 50 yuan, then the cost of raising out of the yellow mealworms is just a few cents of the feed cost, and the yellow mealworm feces can be used as a feed ingredient for raising fish and chickens, which is also a very good way to turn the waste materials of the countryside into a high-quality feed source, reduce the cost of farming, improve the grade of the product, and also a good solution to the recycling of wastes. Good solution to the recycling of waste, reduce pollution of the environment, can be said to benefit the country and the people of the ecological industry.