The characteristics and origin of Yao Ju, I am anxious to write a composition ~ ~!

Yao Ju is a local opera in Yuyao and a wonderful flower of Zhejiang regional culture. Yao Ju was originally named "Yuyao Tanhuang". It is a folk song and dance and rap activity in Yuedi, with rich and colorful contents. "Yuyao Tanquan" enjoys a high reputation in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and is the most distinctive. The original Yao Bei area was the birthplace of Tan Yao. ?

Mr Yao, a scholar of Yi nationality, introduced in his book Yuyao: Tan Yao that folk songs and dances and rap gradually developed into a kind of folk opera, commonly known as "light class" or "light drama". "Lantern Festival" was mostly staged during the Lantern Festival, and later developed into other festivals. In the Qing Dynasty, professional lighting classes appeared, such as the "gifted scholar class" in the Qianlong period, which was large in scale and complete in roles. 1830 or so, professional lighting classes began to develop outward, with names such as "Chuanke", "Ancient Painting" and "Ying Ge". Ying Ge Class is famous for its long dialogues, oratorios and clever mouth. ?

Tsui Hark's "Clearing Money" mentioned that Chen Tongxiang, an artist of "Yuyao Lantern Class", went to Su Xichang to perform. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Jicheng, a native of Zhu Xian Bridge (now Cixi) in New Territories, organized a beach spring team to perform in Yao Bei. In the early years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, artists such as Ma Nanmu entered Shanghai, interacted with Tanquan operas such as Sutan and Shanghai Beach, absorbed and digested some repertoires and music of foreign operas, and "Ying Ge Class" finally matured and formed its unique local flavor, which was called "Yuyao Tanquan". ?

Since the emergence of the Lantern Troupe, Tan Yao has always been a "four flowers" (raw horn), four denier, three backcourt (band, erhu, Sanxian, Qin Yue) and a compartment (walking on the stage, which is today's props), with a scale of *** 12. This lineup of "four flowers" and "four denier" is called "eight don't dismantle". This structural pattern has been preserved. Yao Tan's early plays, in addition to some folk songs and dances, such as Mother Wang and Tea Basket, also include a certain scale of Shaoxing taipan's plays, such as Shuanggui Tu, Lotus Lantern, Shuangen, Pearl Tower, etc., which are called four complete works. Artists sing with the tunes of Shaoxing taipan. The mature period is dominated by "duet". Once a flower is sung, such as "Double Hair", "Broken Window Building" and "Ten Banners", there are about 70 songs, which have become the traditional repertoire of Tan Yao. ?

Yao Tan's singing is simple, beautiful, lively and full of local flavor, which consists of two parts: basic harmony and minor. The basic tone is "Ping Si" and "Tight Board". The melody is in the form of "rising, flat and falling", and the flat cavity is sung only by the clear board. Men and women are in the same tune and different cavities, transforming nature. The rhyme of Pingsi, a female tune, is often accented with "aye aye", which is clear, euphemistic and distinctive. "Ping Si" is generally used for narrative lyrics, which is more lyrical and can express different feelings. "Tight board" is mostly used in scenes with tense plot and warm atmosphere. The other is minor, with more than 40 songs, either Jiangnan folk songs or Ming and Qing folk songs. Commonly used are night tour, small half board, purple bamboo tune, ten flowers for flowers, five-watch tune and so on. They are mellow in tone, light in rhythm, elegant and popular, and rich in taste. ?

Yao Tan's line file is very simple, divided into "Flower Face" and "Tang Dan", both of which are performed by actors. The face of the painting is full of horns, regardless of age and culture, but with different identities. Scholars wear robes and watermelon hats, which is called "robes to draw faces"; Workers wearing short shirts, Shaoxing felt hats and bamboo skirts are called "short shirts painting faces" or "grass painting faces". There are two kinds of Tang Dan. The old people wearing colorful skirts are called "Shangdan" and the young girls are called "Xia Dan". Yao Tan's Dan Jiao sits on the stage (left) to show women's dignity. Legend has it that the emperor of the Tang Dynasty made operas and the queen made beaches and springs, so there was a different stage schedule from other operas. ?

Artists in Tan Yao are mostly farmers and craftsmen, such as painters, carpenters, masons and carpenters in brown sheds. And organize classes in the off-season. The props of Yao Beach are also very simple, and a handkerchief and a fan can make a debut. Because of its simplicity and small number of people, it is very suitable for performing in rural areas. However, due to the prejudice against this kind of drama at that time, and the fact that Tanchun Opera Troupe often mixed some uncivilized chanting in the performance process, Tanchun Opera Troupe was not allowed to perform in the ancestral temple or temple, but only allowed to put a few gits upside down in the wild, and spread some wooden boards on it as a performance venue. ?

After the founding of New China, some artists reformed the content and performance form of Tan Yao, such as rehearsing plays and co-acting between men and women. Under the care of the party and the government, 1954 established the Yao Opera Troupe. In the northwest of Yuyao and Cixi, and in the east of Shangyu, amateur Yao opera troupes have mushroomed in the vast rural areas. According to incomplete statistics, there were more than 50 amateur Yao Opera Troupes 150 in China in 1950s and 1960s, which showed the strong vitality and deep mass base of local operas. ? Yuyao customhouse yike production customhouse

Domestic production customs used to be superstitious, but now they have been abolished.

agricultural production

On the fourteenth night of the first lunar month, farmers use torches to illuminate fields, except for annual pests, which are called "photographing locusts".

Tomb-Sweeping Day soaked rice and put Yang Liuzhi in the jar to urge the seeds to grow early, fast and prosperous.

Seedlings were planted in a 6-seedling field, and a scarecrow stood at the head of the field, wearing rags and a broken hat, breaking a banana fan, and ringing a bell to wave with the wind to drive away birds.

When pulling out the first seedling, you should choose an auspicious day, set up a confession at the head of the field, invite the tiangong tianpo, light incense sticks, set off firecrackers and drink, commonly known as "opening the seedling door". Pull out the seedlings in the field, dust off the dew on the seedlings with both hands and wipe the back of your hand, thinking that it can prevent tendon injury.

Before and after beginning of spring, tiantianpo and cotton farmers were invited to leave red amaranth in cotton fields, symbolizing tiantianpo's presence here. The villagers invited Gong Shan Shanpo to scatter a dustpan and plant ash on the ground to pray for a bumper harvest.

In summer and autumn, it doesn't rain for a long time, so various organizations contact and invite the "Dragon King" to pray for rain. One is to carry the "Dragon King" out of the Dragon King Temple and expose it to the sun for several days, which is called the "Sun Dragon King". Then the armor was carried to a nearby deep pool, and the "Dragon God" was led by incense. At that time, the huge procession to meet the gods opened the way with the banner, led by the old man with incense, followed by the social flag, the ten flags of gongs and drums and the dragon king. Behind the house of Bulong, a huge procession passed through the village, danced dragons on the threshing floor, greeted them in the city, and crossed the street to the city god.

livestock and poultry breeding

Please ask the Bodhisattva in the pigsty to raise sows. When selling piglets, we should set up offerings in front of the pigsty, light incense sticks and burn paper ingots.

Don't stir chickens, ducks and geese for seven days to avoid "pan head" (not hatched). After hatching, the eggshell is poured into the dung vat, and the hatching is declared successful.

In case of chicken plague, take a menstrual belt for women and put it in the henhouse to drive away the plague.

Section 2 Life, Customs and Diet

The staple food is three meals a day, either dry or dry and thin. Add 1-2 snacks in busy farming season. In plain areas, rice is used as food, sometimes wheat flour; In mountainous areas, rice, corn, sweet potatoes and other miscellaneous grains are different. When the green and yellow are not picked up, they are mixed with broken wheat, dried sweet potatoes and even melons and vegetables. Today, rice is used as food, sometimes as flour. After 1978, dried sweet potatoes are no longer used as food.

Sauerkraut, pickles, dried potherb mustard and dried bamboo shoots are home-cooked dishes, and there are also salted wax gourd and salted bamboo shoots in rural areas. Usually there are few melons, eggplant and beans, and fish, meat and eggs will be added during holidays or when there are visitors. Now pay attention to nutrition, pay attention to cooking, mix meat and vegetables, and have a variety of dishes. The former town was simple and convenient, with several dishes and one soup; There are more bowls in the countryside. Newly married in-laws will kill chickens and ducks when they come to the door. There are eight banquets (8 cold pots, 18 hot dishes and 2 snacks), twelve banquets (12 cold pots, 12 hot dishes and 4 snacks) and sixteen banquets (12 cold pots and 65442 snacks). Generally 8- 10 bowls, there are "eight bowls" and "ten bowls". Chinese New Year and holidays are all dishes. Traditionally, there are boiled chicken, fat hoof, silver ingot fish, braised chicken, braised pork, sweet soup and chicken soup paste. Nowadays, the banquets and wedding banquets of newly-married in-laws are all stir-fried in cold pots, each table 18-24 pots, or even more. The main dishes are four pieces of river eel, turtle, crab and shrimp. Generally, it is chicken and duck, and the salty paste of sweet soup is reduced. Funeral dishes used to be vegetarian dishes, commonly known as "tofu rice", but now there are more and more meat dishes, which are different from ordinary guests.

There are many kinds of snacks, mainly rice flour and flour. There are jiaozi, Ai Qing jiaozi, glutinous rice jiaozi, Songhua jiaozi, hemp dumplings, rice cakes, cakes, zongzi, steamed bread, crispy noodles, noodles, cakes, fritters, fried steamed bread and so on.

In ancient times, wine and drinks were the necessities of sacrifice and hospitality, mainly yellow wine. The increase in alcohol consumption in the 1960s. Beer was very popular in the 1980s. People in the city used to drink green tea, but now they still drink soda, coke and coffee.

Clothing In the early years of the Republic of China, men wore big breasts, short shirts and trousers (waist), while in winter they wore long shirts and cotton gowns. Women wear knee-high button-down shirts, medium-sized pants (waist-inserted trousers), pleated skirts or green pleats. The baby is wearing "monk's clothes" and wrapped in a "skirt". Children wear open-backed pants and "bibs" on their chests. Gentlemen, businessmen and intellectuals wear robes and jackets on solemn occasions. In the middle of the Republic of China, men began to wear short shirts and trousers with buttons on their chests, and women began to wear short-sleeved shirts and cotton-padded jackets in winter, only seeing sweaters. In the late Republic of China, civil servants, businessmen and teachers developed tunic suits, occasionally with suits. Young students are interested in students' clothes. Urban women grow long, wear short-sleeved cheongsam, and change their pants into shorts. Most rural women follow old-fashioned clothes. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhongshan suit and Lenin suit were popularized. 1954 advocated wearing Soviet calico. Youth clothes were popular in the 1960s, and women wore dual-purpose shirts. During the Cultural Revolution, young men and women wore green military uniforms, while middle-aged and elderly people wore blue-gray Chinese tunic suits. In the 1980s, clothing was diversified, and fashion was the beauty of style and color. Fashion suits, jackets, jeans and all kinds of pants. Down jackets emerge and cheongsam returns.

Shoes and socks In the early years of the Republic of China, we wore cloth shoes, cloth boots and winter socks. Women bind their feet and wear embroidered pointed shoes. Babies wear tiger-headed shoes, while old people wear cloth boots. Workers wear straw sandals and mountain socks in mountainous areas. Wear spiked shoes and boots in rainy and snowy days, or coat the soles of cloth with tung oil as rain boots. Workers walk barefoot, wear sandals in winter and cloth socks inside, and fishermen and traders add socks inside. In the middle of the Republic of China, sports shoes, overshoes, leather shoes and inner threading socks were popularized. Women are interested in elastic shoes, high heels and stockings. The countryside remains the same. Shoes and socks changed little in the late Republic of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, liberation shoes, plastic sandals, inner socks, spikes, spikes, sandals and cloth socks were gradually eliminated. In 1980s, all kinds of leather shoes, boots, sports shoes, sandals, warm shoes, nylon stockings, cloth shoes and socks were rare.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, men wore felt hats, old people wore hoods, and gentry, businessmen and intellectuals wore melon hats. Middle-aged and elderly women wear two-inch wide black velveteen or crepe. In the mid-Republic of China, men wore lynx hats, and mountain areas wore tiger hats. Fishermen and porters still wear felt hats, while civil servants, businessmen and teachers began to wear hats, caps and Luzon hats, only wool hats were seen. Followed by the late Republic of China. After the founding of New China, middle-aged and elderly people wore curly wool hats, while octagonal hats, cadres' hats, workers' hats, felt hats, melon skins and wrapped yarns were gradually eliminated. In the 1980s, ski cap, wool hat and top hat came back.

Appearance Before the Revolution of 1911, men always wore hair and pigtails. Unmarried women wear a single braid and leave it on their forehead, which is called "bangs"; Married women tie their hair in a bun with a silver hairpin and a net cover. Men grow beards and women wrap their feet. During the Republic of China, men cut their braids, shaved their heads, had flat heads and domes. Children shave "tile heads" and "peach heads". Unmarried women wear double braids; Comb "around the head" and "over the head" after marriage. Later, men were interested in western hair, women were interested in perm, and men and women were interested in gold teeth. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, men are more prone to hair loss, followed by flat heads and bald heads. Women's short hair is more than two corners, and the bun gradually disappears. In the 1980s, young women had more perms and young men had long hair.

During the Republic of China, women wore gold and silver bracelets, earrings, hostesses, rings and necklaces. Men also wear rings and bracelets. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it gradually disappeared. 1Renaissance in the 1980s

Living in the old days, the houses of the rich were deep in the courtyard, and western-style villas appeared in the Republic of China. Medium house, wooden bungalow, two floors. Poor farmers, poor housing. Most cotton farmers in northern Yao live in straw houses, bamboo houses, straw covers and mud walls to keep out the wind. Some villagers in Yaonan live in factories on the mountain. These factories are made of bamboo and grass. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the disparity between the rich and the poor changed after the land reform. Residential buildings and reinforced concrete structures will be built after 1978. Towns generally have 4-5 floors, with 40-50 square meters for each household, and there are bedrooms, restaurants, kitchens and bathrooms. In rural areas, there are generally 2-3 rooms on the second floor, a hall, a kitchen and a small courtyard in front. Caowushan factory is scarce, and wooden bungalows are reduced.

In the old society, you must choose an auspicious day when you go out for a run. Near the ground, you usually choose to go out on the third day and the sixteenth day. Walk more and take a boat. The home of the rich goes out to take a sedan chair or rent a private room.

Ships, including clippers, rowboats, night boats and ferries. The head is pointed and the tail is tilted, and the four branches are pulled by Gala, which runs faster and is called the "clipper". Small and exquisite, with a canopy cabin, one person pushes the paddle at the back and one paddles in front, so it is very comfortable to sit for 3-5 people, which is called "rowing with your feet". The bamboo canopy of No.6 cabin, with paddles, poles and tugs, sets sail in the evening and arrives at the destination at dawn, which is called "night sailing ship". For night ships, male guests sleep in the middle cabin, female guests sleep in the back cabin, and men and women are separated. Arch bucket, rectangular, with one pole and one paddle, is specially designed to send passengers across the river, which is called "ferry".

Sedan can be divided into sedan chair, passenger sedan chair and shoulder sedan chair. It is called a sedan chair to celebrate the wedding. It was carried by four people and filled with colorful beads, ribbons and balls. Passenger transport operation is called "passenger sedan chair", also called Tsing Yi sedan chair, with three curtains and one front sedan chair curtain, which is carried by two people. Lounge chair or bamboo chair, with two bamboo poles tied to the left and right, is called "shoulder", commonly known as "Parthenocissus". Two people carried it and sent the guests over the mountain. During the Republic of China, ships, cars and trains appeared, and the old-fashioned passenger cars gradually decreased and have now been eliminated.