Questions about Geography

Chapter 3: Inhabitants and Settlements

Learning and Inquiry ------------ Settlement Development and Landscape Change

1. Recognize traditional accounts of information about human society, economy, culture, and politics.

2. Understand the significance of preserving cultural heritage.

3. Recognize the development of settlements with history and the reflection of history, economy and culture in the landscape of settlements.

4. Analyze the main factors leading to changes in the scale, landscape, and nature of settlements.

1. What is called a settlement?

2. Where did the earliest settlements arise?

3. What are the two basic types of settlements?

4. What is the difference between rural and urban settlements?

(II) New teaching

Settlement development and landscape change

1. The development process of settlement (watch the materials and pictures on the slide) to answer the question:

Changes in the urban area of Paris

Read the map: the French capital, Paris, is situated on the banks of the Seine River in the beautiful scenery, and has a population of more than 2 million people. The history of Paris dates back more than 2,000 years to its origins as an island in the Seine. Over the years, the city's boundaries have expanded. See picture. From Figure A, find the city limits of Paris at different times and consider why Paris was originally founded on an island in the Seine.

Materials: Shanghai was a small fishing village for six centuries and did not grow into a town until the 13th century. In 1685, the Qing government established the Shanghai Customs, and a major international trading port developed. At the end of the Opium Wars, the British forced the Qing government to sign the Treaty of Nanjing, which opened Shanghai to trade and then further international colonization. The invasion of foreign capital monopolized the handicraft industry in Shanghai and the southeastern coast, but also brought advanced science and technology and management experience, which promoted the development of Shanghai's commerce, finance, textile, light industry and transportation, while the national industry also began to mature. Shanghai not only became the commercial and financial center of China, but also controlled the economic lifeline of the country. What kind of conclusion have you drawn after reading this material? Summarized by the students to draw a conclusion.

Conclusion: changes in scale

Small villages became large farms, small towns developed into large commercial ports.

(Watch the materials and pictures on the slide) Answer the question: Read the map: Essen, Germany, was originally a steel, machinery-based industrial city. With the progress of science and people's environmental awareness, as well as the structural transformation of German industry, many factories in this city closed one after another. In order to preserve the city's historical features, the local people have preserved some representative buildings. Nowadays, the industrial structure of Essen has changed. See the picture below.

Answer: (1) Look carefully at the three pairs of pictures and find the buildings that have been preserved from 1829 to the present.

(2) Looking at Figure C, tell how the industrial structure of Essen had changed by 1876. Why?

(3) Looking at the landscape, what changed in the industrial structure of Essen? Why? What kind of conclusion have you drawn from your reading of this material? The conclusion is drawn by the students' generalization.

Teacher's summary: Settlements change in nature

The bustling city fell into ruins, and the humble fishing village grew into a modern city

Conclusion: As history changes, the size and nature of settlements change (view the materials and pictures on the slide) Answer the questions: 2. Read the map: Place names can be reflected in road signs and local maps... In the course of more than 300 years of urban development in Beijing, the scope and nature of the city have changed dramatically. After the 1960s, the scope of the urban area of Beijing has been expanding and developing rapidly in all directions, so that the place names of the original suburbs are still preserved.

The diagram reflects the changes in the urban area of Beijing, with place names such as Zhongguancun, Weigongcun, Mingguangcun, and Beitaipingzhuang in use before 1949. Look closely and see if these places were in the city or outside the city before 1949. See the map below.

What conclusions did the students answer after discussing in groups?

The teacher emphasized that settlements are a marker of the landscape and that place names do not always change with the size and nature of the settlement.

3. Think: The Native Americans were Indians, one of whom was the Puebloans. Their ancestors were the Anasazi. Around 1000 A.D., the Anasazi created a thriving civilization and established 75 settlements in the Chaco Valley, some of the cities were huge. The towns were literally about five stories high with many rooms. They specialized in weaving and panning, and developed elaborate irrigation systems for agriculture.

The Anasazi cut down large amounts of forest for fuel and construction. Over time, the surrounding forests were cut down. With no forests to hold water, the surface soil was washed away and eroded, the fertility of the land gradually decreased, and the conditions for agricultural development were destroyed, so they had to move far away from their homeland.

See figure below. 1. Anasazi settlement site, in citing some other extinct settlements. Extinct settlements ------- Pompeii

In the 10th century B.C., Pompeii was a small market town, mainly engaged in agriculture and fishing. Later, it evolved into a prosperous city with about 20,000 inhabitants. Its area is about 1.8 square kilometers. Surrounded by more than 4800 meters of stone walls, the city is divided into nine districts by two straight avenues, which are connected by small streets and alleys paved with gravel. There were sidewalks on both sides of the street, which was 10 meters wide and paved with large stone slabs; the intersection of the carved stone pools was filled with cool spring water. The most magnificent buildings are concentrated in the south-west of the city, the political, economic and religious center. The exuberant character of the Pompeians and the joyful atmosphere of the city still captivate people more than 2000 years later.

By 79 AD, Pompeii had suffered a catastrophe. At noon on August 24th, the sweltering heat was suffocating. Suddenly, a strange cloud rose from the top of Vesuvius, the sun dimmed, and with a loud bang, the crater was uncovered! Molten rock rushed out of the crater at a temperature of 1,000 meters. Fiery red gravel soars 7,000 meters into the air. Volcanic ash, pumice, volcanic gravel enough to become a "shower" in the city of Punpei 8 days and 8 nights, followed by the formation of high-heat water vapor rain swept away the summit of the ash, muddy mud rushed to the foothills of the plains.

Eighteen hours after the eruption, volcanic debris buried the entire city of Pompeii to a depth of 19 meters, and Pompeii, once known as a beautiful garden, disappeared. In the process, most people did not have time to run for their lives, and more than 2,000 bones have been found at the site so far. Later, archaeologists will be plaster paste into the body has dried up the empty shell, made many and the same shape as the real person of the plaster statue, in the present sufferers at the time of despair and pain in the expression, so that the sightseeing are not sighing sigh.

In 1907, someone drilled a well and unearthed three statues of women in gorgeous clothes, but only as a relic of the ancient ruins of the Gulf Coast. 1748, another person unearthed the remains of the human body surrounded by volcanoes, which recalled the buried city. 1705, a group of Italian farmers dug the aqueduct and found gold coins, and then dug up the stone engraved with the word "Pompeii", which was buried for more than 1,600 years. After more than 1600 years of sleep, the ancient city began to wake up, a large number of archaeologists and treasure hunters.

Ancient Pompeii was rich and open, and the prosperity of industry and commerce and the high standard of art is amazing. The development of commerce produced a number of bankers, the god of commerce Mercury clean and lovely image can be seen everywhere. The harmonious and orderly society never had class struggle or racial discrimination. Every year in July, citizens elected municipal officials. The status of women is the same as that of men, and there are many taverns in the city, mostly run by women, which are good places to relax. Venus is worshipped as the "Woman of Pompeii", and any form of expression of her is welcome.

Watching gladiators was a cruel hobby of the Pompeians, and the dedicated gladiators were the most envied. The original amphitheater in the southeast corner of the city also doubled as a gladiatorial arena, with irrigation water and anti-diarrhea system. The seats for the spectators around the perimeter, divided into lower, middle and higher seats for the different social classes, could hold 5,000 people. The lower part of the center was the stage, where naval battles could be performed. It was built in 70 BC, 40 years earlier than the original Roman theater.

2. Try to analyze the reasons for the demise of the settlement you identified (e.g., the demise of Pompeii in Italy was due to a volcanic eruption).

Conclusion:Settlements do not always grow more prosperous as socio-economic development occurs. Conclusion:Settlements change in size and nature as history changes. The names of places do not always change

Practice Questions

Fill in the blanks:

:1. The changes in settlements reflect the development of the settlements, and the changes in settlements are also a record of the changes.

2. As history changes, small villages become large farms, small towns develop into large commercial ports, indicating that the settlement changes.

3. The prosperous city was reduced to ruins, and the humble fish village grew into a modern city, indicating that the settlement has changed.

4. As a symbol of the settlement landscape, it does not always change with the size and nature of the settlement.

5. The following statement about settlements is wrong ( )

A. Settlements are a product of history, generally always preceded by townships and then the emergence of large cities.

B. The rise and fall of settlements is closely linked to economic development.

C. The development of Shenzhen shows that settlements are also the result of certain politics.

D. The fact that Beijing has been a metropolis for centuries shows that large settlements are always prosperous.

6. The disappearance of the following settlements has nothing to do with the natural environment ( )

A. The migration of the Anasazi people B. The demise of the ancient state of Loulan

C. The demise of the ancient city of Pompeii in Italy D. The relocation of the industrial area of Essen out of the city

7. (2008 Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, the Chinese language paper) the Pearl River Delta is the early implementation of reform and opening up of the region. The following do not belong to its economic development advantages ( )

A. adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, superior location, cheap transportation B. is a famous overseas Chinese hometown C. is the coastal economic open area, there are policy advantages.

D. A strong base of heavy industry.

8. (2008 Ningde, Fujian, China) in 2008, the 29th Summer Olympics will be held in Beijing, the capital of China, refused to answer the following questions.

A. Peace, friendship, progress B. Peace and development C. Higher, faster, stronger

D. Equality and unity

9. The following description of the functions of the city of Beijing, the incorrect ( )

A. Political center B. Cultural center C. Transportation center D. Agricultural center

10. The following four graphs temperature curve and precipitation The following four graphs of temperature curves and precipitation bar charts can correctly reflect the climatic characteristics of Beijing ( ) A B C D

11. The following are not part of the World Heritage Sites in Beijing ( )

A. The Forbidden City B. The Summer Palace C. The Temple of Heaven D. The Potala Palace. Potala Palace.

12. If you are traveling to Beijing, the most appropriate map you should choose is ( )

A. political district map of China. B. a river traffic map C. a topographical map of Beijing D. a tourist traffic map of Beijing

13. (2007 Hebei Shijiazhuang Intermediate School Examination Paper) Beijing's main functions are ( )

A. a political, economic and cultural center of the country B. a political, cultural center of the country and a center of international communication

C. a political, economic, and financial center of the country D. a political, economic, and transportation center of the country

C. a political, economic, and financial center of the country D. a political, economic, and transportation center of the country, Economic and Transportation Center

14. (2007 Hebei Shijiazhuang Intermediate School Examination Paper) The typical traditional residence in Beijing is ( ）

A. Kiln Cave B. Tulou C. High-footed Building D. Courtyard

15. (2007 Hebei Shijiazhuang Intermediate School Examination Paper) The largest commercial center in China is ( ）

A. Beijing B. Shanghai C. Shenzhen D. Guangzhou< /p>

Practice Questions /p>

Answers to Practice Questions

1. Society History 2. size 3. nature 4. settlement 5.