Introduce the main characteristics of Shaanxi Qinqiang, in detail, no less than 100 words

The structure of Qinqiang's singing lyrics is a chirography, with common seven-character lines and cross lines, that is, the whole opera lyrics are arranged as neatly as a seven-character unrhymed poem

. The musical structure of Qinqiang's plate music can be summarized as the process of "Scattered Plate - Slow Plate - from the middle plate to the sharp plate - End " process, that is, the beating rhythm from slow to slightly fast, fast, very fast, the end before the gradual slow, and finally the end of the process. The performer unfolds the storyline by pushing in layers according to this gradual rhythm. So how to change the rhythm of fast and slow? This is exactly the Qinqiang singing "plate road" play a role. Qinqiang belongs to the board changes in the body of the theater, there are two or six boards, slow boards, with boards, pads, two inverted boards, rolling boards and other six boards. The two-six boards are the two "six boards", a six boards to knock six clappers, are strong beat. All other types of boards are made by speeding up, slowing down, freeing down, and changing the boards. This allows the artist to use different rhythms to express emotions according to the needs of the plot. Another feature of Qinqiang singing is the "colorful accent", which is sung with a false voice and an octave in pitch, and is mostly used in the emotional turmoil of the characters and the ups and downs of the plot. The dragging accent must be categorized into the "An" rhyme, which is full of sound and very expressive, and is also a clear difference with other kinds of opera. In addition, the Qinqiang's singing voice is divided into a happy tone and a bitter tone. As the name suggests, the joyful tone is good at expressing cheerful and joyful emotions; the bitter tone is suitable for expressing sorrowful and desolate emotions. All of these require the performer to grasp the script to better express the emotions of the auxiliary singing. The accompaniment of Qinqiang is divided into Wenchang and Wuchang. The instruments used in the cultural field include the banhu, erxianzi, erhu, flute, sanxian, pipa, yangqin, suona, sea flute, pipe, tuba (horn), etc.; in the martial field, there are violent drums, dry drums, hall drums, gongs, gongs, gongs, cymbals, hinges, clappers, etc. The most important instruments in the Qinqiang are the drums, the drums, the gongs, the cymbals and the clappers. The most important instrument in Qinqiang is of course the Banhu, whose pronunciation is fine and clear, and which best reflects the characteristics of Qinqiang's plate changes. The roles of Qinqiang are divided into four students, six dancers, two purifiers and one clown, *** counting thirteen doors, also known as "thirteen heads of nets". It is also known as "Thirteen Heads of Nets". When it is sung, it is sung by Sheng, Qingyi, Elderly Sheng, Elderly Dan, and Flowery Face, so it is also called "Singing Gone Bomb". Some people praise the Qinqiang as "a complex sound of excitement Chu, hot and sour heart, so that people's blood for the turbulence", it is out of the characteristics of the Qinqiang performance. The performance of Qinqiang is simple, rough, delicate and profound, moving people with emotions and rich in exaggeration. After the Xinhai Revolution, Xi'an set up the Yichun Society, specializing in Qinqiang, and was determined to reform, absorbing the nutrients of Peking Opera and other types of drama, singing from the high-pitched and impassioned and tends to be softer and clearer, not only to preserve the original style, but also to incorporate the new style.

Artistic Characteristics

It is characterized by its high and vigorous, strong and rapid. Especially the singing of the flower face, but also open throat roar, locals call "earn broken head", outsiders joked: "Singing Qinqiang, one is the stage to be strong, so as not to shock the collapse of the second is the actor's body, so as not to exhaustion; third is the audience to be bold, so as not to frighten the! ". The ballad is proof: the people are simple and tough, the Qin opera roars up with its flowery face. The audience is happy, not afraid of the theater shed to turn over. Qinqiang singing includes two parts: the "board road" and the "colorful cavity", each of which is divided into a happy tone and a bitter tone. Bitter tone cavity most representative of the characteristics of the Qin cavity, deep and mournful, impassioned, suitable for the expression of grief, nostalgia, sad feelings; joyful tone cavity joyful, bright, robust, powerful, good at showing joy, cheerful, bright feelings. There are six types of basic board styles: [two-six boards], [slow board], [arrow board], [two inverted boards], [band board], [rolling board], etc. The color accent is commonly known as the two-tone accent. The color accent, commonly known as the second tone, is an octave in pitch, and is mostly used in the emotional turmoil of the characters and the ups and downs of the plot. It is divided into four categories: the slow plate cavity, the two inverted plate cavity, the substitute plate cavity and the padded plate cavity. The real voice is used for all plate singing, while the fake voice is used for all colorful singing. Qinqiang Su Sheng, Qingyi, Lao Sheng, Lao Dan, and Hua face are all heavy singing, which is called singing chaotic bomb. It is said in the folklore that "the slow board of East and West An, Xi'an is a good messy bomb". Before the end of the Qing Dynasty, Qinqiang, also called Xi'an chaotic bomb, was named for its heavy singing. Some of them have a big board with dozens of phrases, such as the crying voice of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty in "White Forced Palace", which is sung in more than 50 phrases, and is sung in a natural and beautiful way, which is called "Crispy Board". The forty-eight cries of "Down to the East of the River" should be sung in forty-eight lines; the seventy-two rejection of "Chopping Li Guang" should be sung in seventy-two lines. The singing voice of the flower face is concerned about "will sound" and "ow sound", the tune is high and difficult to sing, and those who are able to become famous. Qinqiang music is divided into strings, suona, sea flute, sheng pipe, kunqu, set of six categories, mainly for the strings and suona music. The musical accompaniment of Qinqiang is known as the Four Great Pieces, with the two-stringed instrument as the main instrument, which is known as the "guts" of Qinqiang. The qin master has an important position in the Qinqiang opera troupe, often sitting in the middle of the back of the stage foreground. The accompaniment music is good at playing old tunes, and the pitch is "three-eyed tune". After the thirties, it was changed to the "out of tune" (i.e., the lower handle pulling method). Qinqiang's performance is a self-contained family, the role system has four major lines: Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou, and each line is divided into a variety of lines, collectively known as the "Thirteen Heads of Nets". In general, the troupe, according to the line to build the "four beams and four pillars" as the backbone of the three-way role system. The first role includes the head of the road sushi, the first Dan, flower face and small Dan, the second role includes small Sheng, two road sushi, two flower face and clowns, the other old Dan, Lao Sheng and other roles for the three roles. The best of all roles, can be listed on the head of the show, the other is a supporting role. The favorable conditions of the troupe, often spared no expense to invite famous actors. All lines can, Wen; martial arts, Kun, chaotic not block the multi-faceted hand, good style, also known as "theater baggage", or called "full stomach". Qinqiang performing arts are very rich, body and stunts have everything, commonly used trip horse, pulling the frame, spit fire, pouncing down, sweeping the lantern flower, playing fire stick, gun back, top light, biting teeth, turn the chair and so on. Mythological theater performance skills, more peculiar and colorful. Such as the performance of "Yellow River Formation", to use five kinds of magic props. Measuring Ruler of Heaven, Turning the Heavenly Seal, can cast a long string of fireworks, and the Golden Cross Shears can fly out of the butterflies. In addition, the Hua-face pay attention to the frame work, in order to show the mighty and heroic temperament, the masses called it "frame frame". The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, and on May 20, 2006, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, and on June 8, 2007, Xi'an Qinqiang Theater of Shaanxi Province was awarded the first Cultural Heritage Day Prize issued by the Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China. The structure of Qinqiang's lyrics is in the form of chirography, commonly consisting of seven-character lines and cross lines, which means that the words of the entire opera are arranged as neatly as in a seven-character unrhymed poem. And the lyrics correspond to the tune, Qinqiang music structure can be summarized as Qinqiang

"Scattered plate - slow plate - from the middle plate and into the rapid plate - - end" process, the Qinqiang, the Qinqiang, the Qinqiang, the Qinqiang, the Qinqiang, the Qinqiang, the Qinqiang and the Qinqiang.

"Scattered plate - slow plate - from the middle plate into the rapid plate - the end of the process, that is, the beat rhythm from slow to slightly fast, fast, very fast, before the end of the gradual slow, and ultimately the end of the process. The performer unfolds the storyline according to this gradual rhythm, layer by layer. So how to change the rhythm of fast and slow? This is exactly the Qinqiang singing "plate road" play a role. Qinqiang belongs to the plate change body type of theater, there are two or six boards, slow boards, with boards, pads, two inverted boards, rolling boards and other six boards. The two-six boards are the two "six boards", a six boards to knock six clappers, are strong beat. All other types of boards are made by speeding up, slowing down, freeing down, and changing the boards. This allows the artist to use different rhythms to express emotions according to the needs of the plot. Another feature of Qinqiang singing is the "color accent", which is sung with a false voice and an octave in pitch, and is mostly used in the emotional turmoil of the characters and the ups and downs of the plot. The dragging accent must be categorized into the "An" rhyme, which is full of sound and very expressive, and is also a clear difference with other kinds of opera. In addition, the Qinqiang's singing voice is divided into a happy tone and a bitter tone. As the name suggests, the joyful tone is good at expressing cheerful and joyful emotions; the bitter tone is suitable for expressing sorrowful and desolate emotions. All of these require the performer to grasp the script to better express the emotions of the auxiliary singing. The accompaniment of Qinqiang is divided into Wenchang and Wuchang. The instruments used in the cultural field include the banhu, erxianzi, erhu, flute, sanxian, pipa, yangqin, suona, sea flute, pipe, tuba (horn), etc.; in the martial field, there are violent drums, dry drums, hall drums, gongs, gongs, gongs, cymbals, hinges, clappers, etc. The most important instruments in the Qinqiang are the drums, the drums, the gongs, the cymbals and the clappers. The most important instrument in Qinqiang is of course the Banhu, whose pronunciation is fine and clear, and which best reflects the characteristics of Qinqiang's plate changes. The roles of Qinqiang are divided into four students, six dancers, two purifiers and one clown, *** counting thirteen doors, also known as "thirteen heads of nets". It is also known as "Thirteen Heads of Nets". When it is sung, it is sung by Sheng, Qingyi, Elderly Sheng, Elderly Dan, and Flowery Face, so it is also called "Singing Gone Bomb". Some people praise the Qinqiang as "a complex sound of excitement Chu, hot and sour heart, so that people's blood for the turbulence", it is out of the characteristics of the Qinqiang performance. The performance of Qinqiang is simple, rough, delicate and profound, moving people with emotions and rich in exaggeration. After the Xinhai Revolution, Xi'an established the Eccentric Society, specializing in the Qinqiang, keen to reform, absorbing the nutrition of Peking Opera and other types of drama, singing from the high-pitched and tends to be softer and clearer, both to preserve the original style, but also into the new style.