What are the main forms of state monopoly capitalism?

The main forms of state monopoly capitalism are as follows:

First, state-owned monopoly capital is directly managed and controlled by the bourgeois state. There are two ways to form it: first, the state uses financial means to invest in state-owned enterprises, which are mainly distributed in some industrial sectors with large investment, long capital turnover time and low profit rate, but which are indispensable for the reproduction of social capital and private monopoly capital is unable or unwilling to invest; The second is the nationalization of private monopoly capital enterprises, that is, the state nationalizes some enterprises founded by private monopoly capital through high-priced acquisition or other compensation methods. In the early postwar period, Britain, France, Italy, Austria and other countries nationalized the public production and service sectors as well as traditional industrial sectors such as electricity, coal, city gas, railway transportation, aviation, postal services and telecommunications.

Second, the combination of state-owned monopoly capital and private monopoly capital within the enterprise scope is organized as a public-private joint-stock company. There are three main ways of this combination:

(1) state-owned monopoly capital and private monopoly capital jointly set up enterprises in a participatory way;

(2) the state and private monopoly capital jointly invest to establish new enterprises;

(3) Absorbing private monopoly capital to join enterprises established by the state or local government.

In joint-stock companies, referring to the shares of state-owned capital, they can be divided into two categories: one is the enterprise in which the state holds the control right of shares; The other is an enterprise whose share control is not controlled by the state. ?

Third, the combination of state monopoly capital and private monopoly capital within the social scope, that is, the combination of private monopoly capital as the main body and state monopoly capital participating in regulation, mainly includes:

(1) The combination of surplus value production includes that the state directly provides fixed capital and working capital for private monopoly capital enterprises by selling state-owned enterprises or state-owned assets to private monopoly capital, subsidizing private monopoly capital enterprises, providing subsidies and providing preferential loans; It also includes creating good external conditions for the development of private monopoly capital enterprises, and providing high-quality labor through state insurance and guarantee for scientific research, infrastructure, education and social security;

(2) realize the combination of surplus value. At home, as a buyer of goods and services, the state places large orders with private monopoly organizations to provide a stable market; Internationally, through the export of state-owned monopoly capital, the state opens the international market for private monopoly capital enterprises and promotes their commodity exports.

(3) the combination of surplus value distribution, that is, in surplus value distribution, private enterprises transfer surplus value or excess profits to the state through tax payment, and the state redistributes national income through financial channels to ensure the interests of private monopoly capital in various forms. For example, in the procurement and supply relationship between state-owned enterprises and private monopoly capital, most of the surplus value created by workers in state-owned enterprises, even state property, is converted into profits of private monopoly capital enterprises or sold at low prices and bought at high prices to form new ones.