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Why there is no scientific and technological revolution in China
After the Renaissance, modern science arose and developed rapidly in Europe. However, we know, for example, that 1500 years before the French chemist Lavoisier (1743-1794) discovered and accurately described the chemical reaction between mercury and sulfur, Ge Hong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty of China had already correctly documented it in his "Hugu Pao Zi". Joseph Lee discussed this in his History of Science and Technology in China and gave various reasons for this: although early Chinese philosophies such as yin-yang, five elements and other theories contributed to the development of science in China, the essentially empirical and discursive nature of these theories became a hindrance to the emergence of experimental science in China; the lack of capitalism in China was the basic social reason for the failure of experimental science to emerge in China; traditional Chinese values did not encourage experimental science; and Chinese traditional values did not encourage experimental science to emerge in China. China's failure to fully develop capitalism was the basic social reason for the failure of experimental science to emerge in China; and China's traditional values discouraged and even inhibited the emergence of modern science in China. I agree with these analyses. However, I think that this is still only a superficial analysis. I am aware that this is a complex and multifaceted problem, which must also be analyzed from the perspective of ancient Chinese philosophy itself. I am a non-professional, so I am only proposing a direction, an idea, a line of thought, in the hope that I can throw a brick to attract jade for those who really study it. Around 1100 B.C., there was an ancient Chinese philosophy called "Zhouyi", which after more than 3,000 years, we still consider to be the essence of Chinese culture. In this classic, all things in heaven and earth and their laws of development are described and summarized, and its core concept lies in a balance of yin and yang and the five elements, such a worldview contains a discourse on the overall harmony of heaven, earth, and human beings. Imagine: if there is no modern science, we can not sit in an air-conditioned room today to comfortably pass through the hot summer, it is not possible to fly from the Eastern Hemisphere to the Western Hemisphere with a dozen small, we do not have a car, there is no plastics, there is no petroleum-based types of fine chemical industry (covering every aspect of clothing, food, housing, transportation, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, clothing, household products...). ...), and of course no deadly nuclear weapons ...... Regardless of all this, we find that, apart from the "convenience" and "benefit" to us humans, there is no "convenience" or "benefit" to anyone other than humans. In any case, we find that, apart from the "convenience" and "benefit" for us humans, there seems to be no benefit for all of nature other than humans: the ozone hole, the climate is getting worse and worse because of the emission of air conditioners or automobile exhaust, etc.; white trash and batteries, which will not be dissolved even after several tens of thousands of years; icebergs melting; earthquakes and tsunamis becoming more and more frequent; the species that maintain the balance of the ecosystems are disappearing day by day; and even the human beings themselves are faced with great The soil, food, air and water have all been polluted by chemicals of our own invention. ...... So, let's think about it: is today's "technologically advanced" era still a time when the sky, the earth, the sea and the sea are all in danger of collapse? Is today's "technologically advanced" era still a universe in which heaven, earth and man are in harmony? It is no wonder that the ancient Chinese culture itself is resistant to the so-called "scientific revolution". This idea is just a very elementary concept, not comprehensive and in-depth development, but for interested professionals to provide a line of thought.
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