General situation of acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine

Acupuncture originated in China and spread to Korea, Japan and other countries in the 6th century. As an alternative medicine, it spread all over the world in modern times.

The oldest acupuncture mannequin discovered today was unearthed in the Han Tomb of Laoguanshan, Chengdu. Made in the Western Han Dynasty, it is a lacquered figure with a height of 65,438+04 cm and 65,438+065,438+07 acupoints, meridian lines, heart, lung and kidney.

Acupuncture sprouted in the Neolithic Age. When people have some pain or discomfort, they will unconsciously massage and pat with their hands, and even press the painful and uncomfortable parts with sharp stone tools, so that the original symptoms can be alleviated or disappeared, and the earliest needle tool-Bian Shi was born. Later, the needles gradually developed into bronze needles, iron needles, gold needles, silver needles and stainless steel needles, which are still in use today. Fu's theory of "tasting hundreds of medicines to make nine needles" (recorded in Emperor Century by Huangfu Mi in the Eastern Han Dynasty) and "tasting grass to make bian" (recorded in Road History in the Southern Song Dynasty, bian is bian stone) are the earliest acupuncture in the Chinese nation. According to Huangdi Neijing, the nine needles are spear needle, rod needle, hammer needle, front needle, beryllium needle, rod needle, filiform needle, long needle and large needle. "Lingshu Guan Zhen" records that "nine needles are appropriate, each has its own way; The length and size are different, and they can't be used, and the disease can be moved. " It is pointed out that nine needles have different shapes and uses and can only be used according to the situation.

The origin of moxibustion is closely related to the discovery and use of fire. When the body is uncomfortable, it can be relieved by roasting with fire, and then moxibustion with various branches is gradually developed into moxibustion. Acupuncture treatment method is formed in a long historical process, and its academic thought is gradually improved with the accumulation of clinical medical experience. 1973 medical silk books unearthed from Mawangdui No.3 tomb in Changsha include Moxibustion Sutra of Eleven Veins in Foot and Arm and Moxibustion Sutra of Eleven Veins in Yin and Yang, which discuss the circulation distribution, symptoms and moxibustion treatment of eleven veins and form a complete meridian system. Huangdi Neijing is the earliest and most complete classic of traditional Chinese medicine, which records the twelve meridians, fifteen collaterals, the twelve meridians, the twelve meridians, related specimens of meridian system, nodules, strange street, Hayes and so on. The acupoints, acupuncture methods, acupuncture indications and contraindications are also discussed in detail.

The acupuncture theory recorded in Lingshu Jing is richer and more systematic, so Lingshu is the first summary of acupuncture, and its main content is still the core content of acupuncture, so Lingshu is called Acupuncture Jing. Following Neijing, the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion was supplemented and perfected by Bian Que, an imperial doctor in the Warring States Period.

Huangfu Mi, a medical scientist in Jin Dynasty, devoted himself to the study of Neijing and other works, and wrote an acupuncture classic. This book comprehensively discusses the theory of zang-fu organs and meridians, develops and determines 349 acupoints, discusses the positions, indications and operations of acupoints, and introduces acupuncture methods and the treatment of common diseases, which is the second summary of acupuncture. [2 1]

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the prosperity of economy and culture, the academic research of acupuncture and moxibustion also developed greatly. Sun Simiao, a medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, drew a colorful "Three Figures of Tang and Ming Dynasties" in his book "Prepare a Thousand Daughters for a rainy day", and put forward the selection and application of Ashi point.

Wang, a famous acupuncturist in Song Dynasty, compiled the Atlas of Acupuncture at Tongren Acupoints, verified 354 acupoints, and carved the whole book on a stone tablet for learners to copy and print. He also cast two bronze models, with meridians and acupoints carved on the outside and viscera built in, as intuitive teaching AIDS for acupuncture teaching and examination for acupuncturists, which promoted the development of acupuncture.

The twelve meridians, Ren Mai and Du Mai were called Fourteen Classics for the first time in Hua Boren's Drama of Fourteen Classics in Yuan Dynasty, which is very helpful to the study of meridians in later generations.

Ming Dynasty is the heyday of acupuncture academic development. With the in-depth study of acupuncture theory, a large number of acupuncture monographs have appeared, such as A Complete Collection of Acupuncture, A Collection of Acupuncture English, Four Masters of Acupuncture, especially Yang Jizhou's Classic of Acupuncture, which collected acupuncture works before the Ming Dynasty and summarized clinical experience. It is an important reference book for future generations to learn acupuncture and moxibustion, and it is the third summary of acupuncture and moxibustion.

From the early Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, modern medicine was introduced into China, and traditional medicine such as acupuncture gradually declined. However, many people still believe in the efficacy of acupuncture, and books such as acupuncture are circulated.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Chinese Acupuncture Society was established in Chinese mainland to inherit and develop acupuncture. Based on the clinical experience and scientific research achievements of modern doctors, researchers have published many academic monographs and papers on acupuncture and created new acupuncture therapies such as "acupuncture anesthesia". The study of acupuncture has also developed from a single literature collation to a systematic observation of its clinical efficacy, and the mechanism of acupuncture treatment is discussed in combination with modern physiology, anatomy, histology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular biology and other disciplines.

There are international acupuncture training centers in China, Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing. 1987, World Federation of Acupuncture Societies (hereinafter referred to as "World Federation of Acupuncture Societies") was established.

Experience of acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine

The Chinese medicine system is huge, like a thousand-year-old tree, with lush foliage, and acupuncture is only a small branch. Therefore, if you want to make achievements in acupuncture, it is not enough to just trim scissors, decorate and engage in superficial articles in this small branch. Only when you are deeply rooted in fertile soil can you bloom your own flowers in Mika for a long time.

Fertile soil is the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. It is the yin and yang and the five elements. From then on, learning Chinese medicine and acupuncture is the right way.

The most precious thing for acupuncture specialty is Lingshu (best read Ma Ma Edition's Notes on the Development of Lingshu Syndrome). You must be familiar with it and recite classic articles. Many classic articles in Acupuncture Dacheng should also be familiar, and some later songs also need to be recited, such as Jade Dragon Fu and Expressing Friends Fu. If there is an opportunity, if you can meet a teacher who really understands the meridian stream, you must cherish it and study hard. If you can know a little about this, I ching must be studied under the guidance of the teacher.

Only by laying a good foundation in school and following the teacher in clinic can we get some insights. When the teacher indulges, we will seriously sum up and ask questions, and the teacher's words will definitely make us feel inspired. Otherwise, mentoring can't sing * * * and waste time for no reason. Do we expect teachers who are busy with clinical work every day to come back and tell us the most basic lessons?

2. Practice of acupuncture manipulation. Who is good at acupuncture and moxibustion, the kind of woman who is kind of like a tiger in the north and delicate in the south of the Yangtze River? This question is difficult to answer. It can be seen that acupuncture is not about strength, but dexterity. How important is acupuncture? This topic deserves further discussion. Maybe many acupuncturists don't believe this now, and most of them just put the needle on and use electroacupuncture to do it. I'm not saying this to deny the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture. To tell the truth, sometimes I hesitate to use electroacupuncture myself. On the one hand, I like to treat many patients with neck, shoulder, back and leg pain with electroacupuncture. I think electroacupuncture is much better than no electroacupuncture (there is no strict statistics, only feedback from some patients). On the other hand, I believe in technology very much. Because when I was studying, I saw 1 patient with my own eyes, all of whom were VIP patients of the teacher. The pain of a limb has been more than 65,438+00 years, especially at the joint. RF, HLA-B27 and sacroiliac joint CT are basically normal, and immune system-related diseases are basically excluded. Multi-treatment (acupuncture has been tried by many doctors) has no obvious effect. The core of the teacher's acupuncture treatment is: first, misunderstanding; Secondly, the manipulation adopts Hegu point acupuncture. After 1 treatment, the pain was obviously relieved. At that time, this case shocked me too much. So, if you have the opportunity to meet a teacher who believes in acupuncture, congratulations, please be sure to calm down and seize the opportunity to imitate learning first.

Don't be too paranoid about learning acupuncture and ignore Chinese medicine and prescription.

Clinically, many acupuncturists basically only stick needles but can't open Chinese medicine. Because they don't prescribe Chinese medicine for a long time, they can't recite a few prescriptions. Neijing, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber are basically not studied, not to mention the study of febrile diseases. This is actually buying gifts and returning pearls. A truly qualified acupuncturist should not only be good at acupuncture, but also have a more distinctive concept of prescribing. Because I am engaged in acupuncture, I have a better understanding of meridian syndrome differentiation. After all, I have recited for so many years that "the disease caused by exercise ... is the disease caused by the main body ...", so your thinking will be more open in the treatment of some internal diseases. So you still have to recite something when you are young. Medicinal Fu, Changsha Square Square and Tangtou Geji are the basic skills, while Neijing, typhoid fever and Jingui are the foundation. Of course, it is very lucky to have a good teacher to lead the introduction.

4, acupuncture, to be clear, is acupuncture.

At present, most people pay attention to acupuncture, and only Chen Rixin, Jiangxi Province is unique in moxibustion. In the past, Anhui moxibustion was also popular for a while, but now its popularity is gradually losing. If you are interested in moxibustion, I recommend two books that are worth reading. Professor Chen Rixin's heat-sensitive moxibustion in Jiangxi and Mr Zhou Meisheng's moxibustion rope in Anhui.

The vitality of TCM lies in clinic.

I once treated a patient, a friend of a friend, who was prone to dry cough for several days after losing his temper. Chest CT, MRI, sputum smear and other examinations have been done, and there is nothing unusual. Everyone who studies Chinese medicine knows that this is liver-qi invading the lungs, and drugs or needles can be used. Simple back fat compression, especially liver and gallbladder fat tenderness, can obviously relieve cough at night after acupuncture. For another example, once I went home by train. I met a patient with abdominal pain on the road. The patient is a young woman with a history of chronic gastritis. The pain was under the xiphoid process, and the abdominal muscles were very tense by palpation. Murphy's sign and Maxwell's point did not tenderness, and she did not have a needle on her at that time. Bilateral Liang Qiu (acupoints of stomach meridian, "Xi" means pores and reaction points of diseases, which can be used to treat emergencies clinically) is more obvious than Zusanli tenderness, but acute lumbar sprain, stiff neck and so on. Taking compound chlorzoxazone can't relieve it, but most of the symptoms can be greatly relieved after acupuncture (at this time, the treatment pays special attention to meridian syndrome differentiation, determines the diseased meridians, and selects points along the meridians in the distance, which has a good effect). It is not surprising that we can see such examples from time to time in acupuncture department. Therefore, when we are lucky enough to meet a good Chinese medicine practitioner and see with our own eyes some headache cases diagnosed and treated by western medicine, we will be full of confidence, really like Chinese medicine and learn Chinese medicine spontaneously. The teacher just introduced us to the door and pointed out the direction. The road ahead is still very long, and it is up to you.

The relationship between doctors and patients is tense now, but I believe that with the improvement of the quality of the whole people, the embarrassing situation will gradually get better. Doctors need to be able to calm down and specialize. In fact, whether it is Chinese medicine or western medicine, the standard of a good doctor is nothing more than business and medical ethics. As a Chinese doctor, don't exaggerate the curative effect of Chinese medicine, but don't sell yourself short in front of western medicine. Hang in there. I believe that in the future, both fame (word of mouth among patients) and profit (to put it bluntly, money) will definitely pay off. Of course, at first, you should restrain your temper and sit on the bench for several years. After all, there must be an unforgettable loneliness behind the glory.