What traditional cultures influenced the formation and development of running script in Wei and Jin Dynasties?

Calligraphy in Wei and Jin Dynasties occupies a very important position in the history of calligraphy in China. Its achievement and influence are considered as the first milestone in the history of calligraphy. During this period, calligraphy, as the meaning of words, completed the key link from official to model; Calligraphy, as an artistic meaning, has made an essential breakthrough in image, emotion and spirit. Calligraphy has risen from observing formal beauty to pursuing artistic conception and charm. First, the transformation of calligraphy from nature to consciousness.

(1) The development of fonts in China has undergone a qualitative change in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and all kinds of fonts have appeared, from ancient Chinese characters to modern Chinese characters. Chinese characters get rid of hieroglyphics and become more symbolic. Various fonts meet the practical needs of Chinese characters, and the internal driving force to promote the development of Chinese characters is transformed into the excavation of the modeling function and aesthetic potential of Chinese characters themselves. People regard the application of characters as a means to realize their aesthetic pursuit, and also entrust their individuality, character and emotion through this beauty.

(2) The diversification of China fonts provides a broad space for calligraphers' calligraphy creation. No matter Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhong Ding's inscriptions and other ancient Chinese characters, there are only Zhen, Xing, cursive script, Li script and Xiao Zhuan. Their mutual penetration of different brushstrokes, different characteristics of structural modeling, and differences in styles between the same font and some marginal fonts (such as Cao Zhang, Gu Li and Kai Lee) provide a broad space for calligraphy creation, which makes the calligraphy creation language extremely rich. Although the special cursive script is also produced for the needs of application, it is gradually used by calligraphers because it is far away from regular script and difficult to read.

(3) The appreciation and collection of calligraphy has gradually become a social habit, indicating that the artistic value of calligraphers has gradually been recognized by the society. While the calligrapher's individual consciousness awakens, the appreciator of calligraphy art also looks at the works from an artistic perspective, not just focusing on the use of words.

(4) The appearance of a series of calligraphy theory's works and the strengthening of their aesthetic consciousness have become the symbol of calligraphy self-awareness. The invention and improvement of writing materials and tools provided material conditions for the development of calligraphy art.