Write a paper Ask for ideas prompts

Ancient Chinese furniture design has a very long history. Legend has it that the Shenjia clan designed and invented the earliest beds and mats, and the Yu clan invented the earliest table - the chopping board. Ancient furniture is mainly made of bamboo and wood, because bamboo and wood are easy to destroy and decay, therefore, so far very few ancient furniture unearthed. Shang and Zhou bronzes have a lot of beautifully carved and decorated altar, forbidden and other furniture. In addition, from the hieroglyphic oracle bone inscriptions, beds, a few, case type of furniture has been widely used in the Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the design and production of bronze and lacquered wood furniture reached a considerable level. For example, in 1978 in Hebei Pingshan unearthed in the Warring States period of gold and silver inlaid with dragons and phoenixes copper program, is a treasure in the early copper furniture. Another example is the excavation of Hubei Jiangling color lacquer wood carving birds and animals seat screen, Henan Xinyang excavated lacquer table, couch type wooden bed and other lacquer wood furniture, also known as early furniture design in the exquisite work. These remains of the early furniture in the shape of ancient, decorative and elaborate, usually using lacquer, painting, carving and other decorative techniques, decorative colors, rich decorative motifs, carvings are exquisite, is a high degree of artistry, skill and practicality of the design of the masterpiece.

Furniture design is mainly with the people's lifestyle, living habits and the gradual development of change. Since the Shang, Zhou to the Three Kingdoms period, kneeling is people's main way of living, and thus the corresponding formation of the rectangular furniture design, mat and bed (also known as couch) was the most important factor in the interior furnishings. Until the Han Dynasty period, the bed, a few, case, hanger and other furniture are still low, screen placed on the bed. To the Eastern Han Dynasty, high folding Hu bed (after the Song Dynasty, called the chair or tai shi chair) from the Western region into the Central Plains. Since then, the habit of sitting with feet gradually increased. North and South Dynasty period Hu bed gradually popularized folk, and appeared in a variety of other forms of high seating, such as armchairs, round stools, square stools and so on. Bed, couch also increase the height of the increase, some of the upper part of the bed is also set up, surrounded by removable short screen, the lower part of the door decorated with pots. In addition to the bed for leaning on a few long and semi-circular with the (also known as the curve with a few), but also appeared as a leaning on the waist of the use of the hidden capsule.

Sui-Tang period, sitting with the feet and the habit of sitting on the ground at the same time, the emergence of high and low type of furniture and the situation, the general trend is driven by the upper class folk to sit with the feet and the transition to high type of furniture. This period of high furniture with various types of tables, cases, stools, chairs and beds. Furniture types used in later generations have been basically available. Furniture modeling simple and practical, simple and generous, the structure tends to be reasonably simplified, inlaid inlays and a variety of decorative techniques are further applied to the furniture. High-type furniture through the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty has become increasingly stereotyped, and the derivation of a high table, piano table and bed small bed table and other new furniture styles. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasty, the sitting with feet hanging down the way of living to the Song Dynasty has been completely popularized in the folk, the general public family has also used high furniture. Song Dynasty furniture structure and modeling has been greatly improved, imitating the ancient architecture of the beams and columns of the frame structure instead of the Sui and Tang Dynasty popular box-type pot door structure, decorative feet appear in large quantities, coupled with the application of decorative accessories such as tooth strips, the furniture leg lines and cross-section of the diversified processing, so that the Song Dynasty furniture appearance and modeling is quite beautiful, the style of the elegant and not cumbersome, simple and not crude, practical function and appearance of the form of a high degree of unity, for the development of Ming and Qing Dynasty furniture, and the development of a new style of furniture. Unity, for the development of Ming and Qing furniture laid a good foundation.

The Ming Dynasty was a glorious period of furniture design. As a result of the palace, residential, gardens and other buildings built in large quantities, as the main indoor furnishings have a corresponding increase in demand for furniture. After Zheng He went to the West, China and Southeast Asian countries closer ties, a large number of tropical high-quality wood is constantly imported into China. At that time, the woodworking tools have been greatly improved, a wide variety of processing convenience, and woodworking technology has developed to a very high level, such as "Luban Jing", "decorative records", "Zunsheng eight", "three talent drawing" and other works on woodworking engineering technology. All of these factors contributed to the continuous development of furniture design in the Ming Dynasty and reached its historical peak. Ming Dynasty furniture variety, exquisite materials, clever design, exquisite production, the formation of a unique design features, known as the "Ming-style furniture". The types of Ming furniture are mainly chairs and stools, several cases, cabinets, beds and couches, tables, screens and other six categories. Different architectural space configuration of different furniture, general hall, lying screen seat and other six categories. Different architectural space configuration of different furniture, general hall, bedroom, study, etc. are corresponding to several commonly used furniture configuration, and also appeared in the design of furniture sets. Ming furniture materials used are rosewood, mahogany, rosewood, chicken wing wood, nanmu, iron pear big, gall wood, ebony, boxwood, Asking wood and other high-quality hardwood. Ming-style furniture design features: First, focus on structural beauty. No glue and nails, mainly with mortise and tenon structure, different parts of different mortise and tenon. The second is to pay attention to the beauty of the material. Make full use of the color and texture of the material itself, without decoration, deep and elegant color, natural and beautiful wood grain, firm and delicate texture. Third, focus on the beauty of modeling. The modeling is thick and refined, stable and generous, with moderate proportion and fluent lines. Fourth, focus on decorative beauty. Decorative simplicity, do not bother with complicated carving, decorative line foot simple and meticulous, simple and unadorned. Coupled with the production of very sophisticated, a line of one side, straight and curved turns are not harsh, rigorous and accurate, resulting in the Ming-style furniture is particularly timeless and elegant, beautiful and comfortable, simple and generous, to achieve the perfect unity of form and function, known as the peak masterpiece in the history of furniture design in China. Ming furniture is not only a model and representative of the national form of Chinese furniture, in the history of world furniture design is also unique, self-contained system, has a prominent position.

The furniture of the Qing Dynasty in the structure and molding design of the basic inheritance of the tradition of Ming furniture, the volume appears to be more large and heavy, the emergence of a combination of cabinets, folding and dismantling tables and chairs and other new furniture. And in the decorative design, the court and the dignitaries use furniture in order to pursue the effect of opulence, nobility, the abuse of carving, inlay, painting, pick rhinoceros, pile of lacquer and other methods, as well as ivory, jade, ceramics, studs and other materials, the furniture for the endless decorations, often focusing on the skills, ignoring the effect of the cumbersome piling up, so as to destroy the furniture of the overall beauty of the less of such a drawback. Qing-style furniture to Su made, Canton made and Beijing as a representative, known as the Qing Dynasty furniture three masterpieces, modeling and decorative design each with local characteristics, and has been maintained until now.

Specializing in nature, "going with the flow of nature" and returning to the basics is one of the principles followed in Chinese craft design. Everything seeks its natural nature, and no additional ornamentation, that is, for simplicity, no beauty, that is, for clumsiness, is also the core of the philosophy of Laozhuang. For example, Zhuang Zi believes that: "Simple and the world can not compete with the beauty", "both carving and carving, and return to the simple". Conformity to nature, in full accordance with the natural nature of things in its development and performance, against all man-made processing production, this non-artistic ideas, although not in line with human nature, but from the aesthetic value, Zhuangzi this reverence for nature, advocating the simple beauty of the non-decorative, its aesthetic ideals, but also very profound. It cuts the art of grasping the world's most sacred ideal place, that is, the "great sound", "elephant invisible", "great skill and clumsiness" of the natural realm of the holy, is a kind of natural and beyond the natural aesthetic experience. The aesthetic experience of nature is a kind of

The term "complete and undecorated" comes from Liu An's "Huainanzi - Qi custom training" in the Western Han Dynasty: "The way to rule a country is that there are no harsh orders from the top, no troublesome rules for the officials, no false practices in the soil, no obscene tricks for the workers, and the things are not disturbed by the rules, and the tools are complete and undecorated." Here, "ware complete but not decorated" means not to make superfluous and unnecessary modifications, not to falsely decorate useless things, the purpose is to advocate simple and down-to-earth people's style, which is to explore the relationship between "ware" and "decoration" from the level of national governance strategies. It is from the level of national governance strategy to explore the relationship between "ware" and "decoration".

People were originally part of the natural ecosystem and depended on the natural environment to reproduce. Therefore, the forefathers, in carrying out some of the creative activities of craft design, put great emphasis on the harmony between man and nature, emphasizing the coordination between design works and natural ecosystems and **** born. Since ancient times, design and nature have never been closely associated with each other