Treatment and nursing methods of heart failure

Treatment and nursing methods of heart failure

1, treating heart failure

Reduce the heart load. Rest; Controlling sodium intake: reducing sodium intake can reduce water retention in the body and reduce the preload of the heart, which is an important measure to treat heart failure.

Application of diuretics. Commonly used diuretics: thiazides: dihydrograms of urine plugs, chlorthalidone, etc. Loop diuretics: furosemide, sodium diuretic, phenoxyacetic acid. Potassium-preserving diuretics: Kangshutong and aminopterin. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: acetamide.

Application of vasodilators: The basic principle of vasodilators in the treatment of heart failure is to improve cardiac function by reducing anterior or (and) posterior load. Separable; Venous dilators, such as nitroglycerin and nitrate; Arterial dilators such as hydralazine and minoxidil; Arteriovenous dilators such as sodium nitroprusside, phentolamine, prazosin, captopril, etc. Venous dilator can reduce afterload.

2. Introduction to Heart Failure

Heart failure, also known as "myocardial failure", means that the heart cannot pump out blood supply commensurate with venous reflux and body tissue metabolism. It is often caused by various diseases, and the myocardial contractility is weakened, which reduces the blood output of the heart and is not enough to meet the needs of the body, thus producing a series of symptoms and signs. According to clinical symptoms, it can be divided into left heart, right heart and heart failure. Left heart failure is the most common and important. Most congestive heart failure begins with left heart failure. Right heart failure is mostly secondary to left heart failure, and rarely occurs alone. The latter can be seen in pulmonary valve stenosis and atrial septal defect.

3. Patients with heart failure should not exercise excessively.

The reserve army of heart failure in China is huge, especially the increasing obesity of children, which will be a potential danger of the outbreak of heart failure in China in the future. Dealing with heart failure is a top priority. Among them, there are many ways to prevent heart failure, and exercise is a very effective method. However, can patients with heart failure exercise and what is the appropriate intensity of exercise? For patients with definite symptoms of heart failure, excessive exercise is harmful, because excessive exercise increases the burden on the heart and aggravates the condition. So we must pay attention to moderation, not excessive, and not too strong.

Causes of heart failure

Primary myocardial damage: ischemic myocardial damage: myocardial ischemia and/or myocardial infarction of coronary heart disease is one of the most common causes of heart failure. Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy: Various types of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure, with viral myocarditis and primary dilated cardiomyopathy being the most common. Myocardial metabolic disorder: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the most common, others are cardiomyopathy and myocardial amyloidosis secondary to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

Cardiac overload: seen in hypertension, aortic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary valve stenosis and other diseases with increased ventricular ejection resistance around systole. In order to overcome the increased resistance, ventricular hypertrophy is compensated to ensure ejection volume. Continuous overload will inevitably lead to changes in myocardial structure and function, and eventually decompensation will occur and cardiac output will decrease.

Hypothyroidism may lead to heart failure: the reason may be related to factors such as interstitial edema of myocardial cells, enlargement of left ventricle, pericardial effusion, etc., which may lead to weakened myocardial contractility and decreased cardiac output, and further development of the disease will lead to heart failure. If patients with hypothyroidism have heart failure, they should correct hypothyroidism first, and then use some anti-heart failure drugs appropriately according to their condition.

Nursing methods of heart failure

Reduce incentives: Infection is a common cause of heart failure. Some frail patients have atypical symptoms when they are infected, and their body temperature is not very high, only showing loss of appetite and burnout. We should closely observe the changes of the condition to prevent heart failure.

Reasonable eating: eat strictly according to the doctor's advice, and don't change or stop eating without authorization, so as not to cause serious consequences.

Reasonable rest: rest is an important way to reduce the burden on the heart and can significantly reduce the oxygen consumption of the body. In acute phase and severe heart failure, you should stay in bed and get out of bed to do some breathing, walking, Tai Ji Chuan and other activities after the heart function improves, but you should master the activity.

Reasonable diet: Diet plays an important role in the recovery of cardiac insufficiency, and its principles are low sodium, low calorie, light and digestible, sufficient carbohydrates, vitamins and inorganic salts, moderate smoking, fat and drinking. You should also eat less and eat more meals, because full meals can induce or aggravate heart failure.

Skin care: Patients with chronic heart failure are often forced to lie on the right side, so skin care at the right bone protuberance should be strengthened to prevent bedsores. Patients can turn over and massage regularly, and the nursing action should be gentle to prevent skin abrasions. People with severe edema should protect their skin more.

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