Enlightenment from the Spirit of the New Fourth Army

19371June 12, the chairman of the Kuomintang Jiangxi Province officially forwarded Chiang Kai-shek's telegram, explicitly announcing that "Gao Jingting Department of Hubei-Anhui Border Region", "Fu Department of Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Border Region", "Xiang Ying Department of Guangdong-Jiangxi Border Region", "Liu Ying Department of Zhejiang-Fujian Border Region" and "Zhang Dingcheng Department of West Fujian" were all handed over to the New Fourth Army. After the founding of the New Fourth Army, the vast number of officers and men forged, enriched and developed the spirit of the Iron Army with their own blood and loyalty with a high degree of patriotism, fearless sacrifice, energetic creative spirit, scientific realistic spirit and unyielding fighting spirit.

First, the origin and connotation of the iron army spirit of the New Fourth Army

(A) the origin of the spirit of the Iron Army: the early spirit of the Iron Army during the "Independent Regiment" period

On May 1926 and 1, the Ye Ting Independent Regiment was ordered to set out from Zhaoqing as the advance party of the Northern Expedition and went to the front line in southern Hunan, and started the first battle of the Northern Expedition. Regarding the origin of the "Iron Army", Zhou Shidi, head of the 73rd Regiment of the 25th Division of the Fourth Army, has the following account: "After the independent regiment broke the tears bridge in Xingting on August 27th, it continued to pursue and occupied Xianning City. The local people were surprised to see that Tian Jianting's Ninth Bridge was breached, and the independent regiment bravely advanced under the fierce fire of the enemy, rushing through the long and completely exposed railway lines and bridges flooded, defeating the enemy and occupying Xianning City. On August 30, the independent regiment rushed to Yindou Mountain, crossed the railway bridge, occupied the bridge, and killed the enemy everywhere. Wu was defeated and fled, which surprised the local people. On August 30th, the Independent Regiment entered several villages north of Heshengqiao. The local people learned from the civilian workers in Guangdong and Hunan who accompanied the Independent Regiment that the Independent Regiment was an army led by the * * * Production Party, which protected the interests of workers and peasants, helped the workers and peasants' movement, was disciplined, did not commit any crimes in autumn, and fought bravely in Lutian, Qingling, Pingjiang, Zhonghuopu and Tingliqiao. Therefore, when the local people saw the independent regiment, they called it the' Iron Army', which was the beginning of the independent regiment being called the' Iron Army'. Wuchangcheng was attacked on September 5, and 1 battalion stayed behind to attack the city. The heroic sacrifices of Comrade Cao Yuan and others were spread. 10 attacked Wuchang city in June, and the independent regiment fought bravely, spreading the style of not attacking in autumn, and making the reputation of the independent regiment "Iron Army" widely spread among the broad masses of the people and the National Revolutionary Army. "(Memoirs of Zhou Shidi) From this account of Zhou Shidi and the combat situation of the independent regiment before and after the Northern Expedition at that time, it can be seen that listening to the party's command, being brave and good at fighting, being invincible, being innocent in autumn and being a soldier of the people are the connotations of the early iron army spirit.

(B) The New Fourth Army's enrichment and development of Tiejun's spiritual connotation

Before the Red Army in eight southern provinces was reorganized, Ye Ting, a famous Northern Expedition soldier, expressed his willingness to lead this army, and proposed that the reorganized Red Army be called the "New Fourth Army" to inherit and carry forward the invincible tradition of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army in the Northern Expedition. Therefore, "Tiejun" is not only another name for the New Fourth Army, but also a praise for the fighting style of the New Fourth Army.

The formation, enrichment and development of any kind of spirit are the results of environmental influence, military practice tempering and military figures' influence in a specific period. Compared with other areas during the Anti-Japanese War and the invincible spirit of the Iron Army during the "Independent Regiment" period, the New Fourth Army is not much different in fighting spirit, anti-Japanese war spirit and patriotism. However, there are great differences in environment, military practice and military figures, forming the spirit of the New Fourth Army with unique connotation.

As far as environment and military practice are concerned. There are many differences between Central China where the New Fourth Army is active and North China where the Eighth Route Army is active. There are many mountains and little water in North China, and many plain water networks in Central China; North China's economy is relatively backward, and Central China is a land of plenty. Although there is a triangle struggle between the enemy and the puppet troops in North China, the triangle struggle between the enemy and the puppet troops in Central China is more complicated and acute because the Kuomintang's stubborn army is stronger and the capital of Wang puppet troops is located in Nanjing. In this case, the New Fourth Army must seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times, seize opportunities and innovate; We must create some new forms of warfare and methods of struggle, such as plum blossom tactics, which are in harmony with the people at the right time and place.

In military figures. The spirit and unique style of the leaders of the New Fourth Army had a far-reaching impact on the enrichment and development of the spirit of the Tiejun Army. Ye Ting, for example, put his life and death at risk and resolutely became a commander; Chen Yi, a soldier who entered Taizhou without fighting; Sue is resourceful and victorious; Luo Binghui, plum blossom tactics, galloping Jianghuai; Honesty, south, reinforce Central China; Peng Xuefeng, who is both civil and military, shed blood on the battlefield; Zhang Aiping, Hongze Lake, Great Power United Front; Li Xiannian, alone behind enemy lines, opened up Hubei, Henan and Anhui; Tan Zhenlin, a bloody battle, disguised as a thousand miles, broke into the enemy's heart. This spirit and unique style of the predecessors of the New Fourth Army made great contributions to the victory of the China Revolution, and left a precious spiritual legacy for the New Fourth Army, which is an important source of the spirit of the Iron Army of the New Fourth Army.

On this basis, in the long-term military practice, the unique strategy and tactics, military thinking, command style and way of thinking have been gradually formed, and on this basis, the spirit of the New Fourth Army with unique connotation has been formed and enriched.

(C) the connotation of the spirit of the New Fourth Army Tiejun

Regarding the connotation of the spirit of the New Fourth Army, the leaders of the New Fourth Army and scholars in the military and local academic circles have all concentrated on it: General Zhang zhen believes that the "spirit of the New Fourth Army" is the patriotic spirit cast by the officers and men of the New Fourth Army with blood and life; The spirit of "Iron Army" is the fearless revolutionary heroism of the soldiers of the New Fourth Army. The spirit of "Tiejun" is still the spirit of unity and hard work, and it is everywhere. The spirit of "Iron Army" is an innovative spirit of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts. General Zhou Keyu believes that the producers of * * * in China cultivated the spirit of the Iron Army with their own beliefs and actions. The iron army spirit of the New Fourth Army is forged, enriched and developed by the New Fourth Army with loyalty and blood. It is a firm belief in raising the flag with the party, a brave and resolute iron will, a long-lasting broad mind for the country, a tenacious and tenacious style of work, a sincere unity of sincere unity, and a conscious discipline of keeping pace.

Scholar Liu Yishun believes that the spirit of the New Fourth Army is the patriotic spirit of sharing weal and woe for the country; All rivers run into the sea, the spirit of concerted efforts; The overall spirit of taking care of the overall situation and obeying the whole; Seize the opportunity, pioneering and innovative spirit; One is not afraid of suffering, and the other is not afraid of death; Perseverance and indomitable spirit of struggle.

The above discussion summarizes the spirit of the New Fourth Army in a scientific, in-depth and comprehensive way, and the views are basically the same, which objectively reflects the military spirit, patriotism, strategy and tactics, fighting spirit and fighting thought of the New Fourth Army, as well as its military practice and base construction practice in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Second, the casting of the spirit of the iron army of the New Fourth Army

During the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, the New Fourth Army faced a series of problems that affected its morale and combat effectiveness, such as its inadaptability to the vast plains, undulating hills and dense water networks behind enemy lines in Central China; Before the Southern Anhui Incident, the status of political work was once weakened, which affected the combat effectiveness. Lack of cadres and talents; Military cadres and political cadres at lower levels have low ability to lead troops and combat literacy; The environment is highly complex, once faced with difficulties, and so on. The officers and men of the New Fourth Army have solved these problems through a series of systems and measures, and in the process of solving these problems, in the eight-year military practice, they have cast, enriched and developed the spirit of the Iron Army.

(a) to build an "iron party army" and strengthen the belief in raising the flag with the party.

First, restore the political commissar system and strengthen the political work organs. In the early days of the founding of the New Fourth Army, due to the shackles of the Kuomintang, the political commissar system was once abolished, and the deputy of the army served as the political commissar, which reduced the public status of the political commissar and affected the development of political work. After the reconstruction of the military department, political commissars were formally appointed at all levels above the regimental level to carry out education on the political commissar system in the army. Reaffirm that political organs are organs that exercise leadership in the army and are in the same important position as military command organs, and correct all tendencies that do not attach importance to political organs. All the work of political organs at all levels is required to ensure the implementation of the production party's line, policies and orders, the unity of officers and men, the unity of the army and the people, the unity of friendly forces, the disintegration of the enemy, the consolidation of troops and the victory of the battle.

Second, strengthen the party organization construction of the New Fourth Army and improve the quality of party member. After the establishment of the new military department, the company party member and the Party branch publicized and actively developed the new party member. The number of party member in the main force usually accounts for more than 40% of the total number. Strengthen the construction of Party branches, give prominence to the leading and guaranteeing role of Party branches, and give play to the backbone role of party member.

Third, strengthen political education and party and army building education. The key point is to educate cadres and change the phenomenon that hand education lags behind military education. Under the slogan of "political work should be oriented to the company and party work should be oriented to the branch", the construction of the company has been strengthened. All units have established a political education system and compiled teaching materials.

Fourth, implement unified establishment, unified system and strict discipline. After the reconstruction of the military department, leading cadres at all levels of the division, brigade and regiment were appointed according to the establishment, and the main regiments were established at both the division and brigade levels, and the main regiments were established at the battalion and company levels. The troops adopt different organizational methods according to different situations and remain relatively stable. In terms of personnel distribution, reduce the number of organs and rear personnel and enrich the combat company. Administrative management has been strengthened and various work systems have been formulated. The army has strengthened discipline education and improved its consciousness of observing discipline. It is required to obey orders and commands, and resolutely correct the phenomenon of lax discipline and not resolutely carrying out orders from superiors.

The construction of the "Tiedang Army" has strengthened the Party's construction in the army from the aspects of system, discipline, education and organization, adhered to the Party's absolute leadership over the army, and strengthened its belief in raising the flag with the Party, which is the core part of the formation of the spirit of the Iron Army of the New Fourth Army.

(2) Establish military schools, cultivate, temper and strengthen the spirit of the New Fourth Army.

The knowledge and skill education, military training and discipline system in military schools play the roles of cultivating, tempering and strengthening the spirit of soldiers respectively. During the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, the New Fourth Army faced new problems and new situations such as lack of cadres, expansion of base areas and improvement of quality. To this end, the New Fourth Army has established a large number of "anti-big" branches in various places, detachments, divisions and districts, which has solved the problem of lack of cadres well and forged the spirit of the New Fourth Army's iron army.

1 Basic information on the establishment of the Military Academy of the New Fourth Army

1937 10 12 10, the new fourth army was established, and in February 65438, the teaching team of the new fourth army was established.

1September, 938, with the approval of the central military commission, the teaching corps of the new fourth army was changed to the teaching corps of the new fourth army. This is a practical anti-university campus.

Since then, in the eight-year War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the New Fourth Army and its subordinate units have successively established six branches of China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University in the anti-Japanese democratic base areas behind enemy lines in Central China. They are: Kangda Fourth Team, which was established by the Sixth Team in Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu in March, 1940, Kangda Fifth Team, which was established by the headquarters of the New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army in northern Jiangsu in March 10, and the Second Division, which was established in Huainan in May, 19465438. 1 In February, 942, the Fifth Division established Kangda No.10 School in the border region of Henan and Hubei;1In May, 942, Suzhong1Division established Kangda No.9 Branch;1In April, 945, No.7 Division in Anhui Province established Kangda No.10 School, and Kangda No.5 Branch was established in.

Among the anti-big branches run by divisions of the New Fourth Army, the fourth branch lasted the longest. It was founded in1March, 9401August, with Peng Xuefeng, the head of the sixth detachment of the New Fourth Army. In September 1944, 1 1 After Peng Xuefeng's sacrifice, Zhang Aiping, the head teacher of No.4 Division, was appointed as the principal. On March 24th, 1945, the fourth branch school was renamed "Xuefeng Military and Political University" and closed after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

The predecessor of the Eighth Branch School was the Military and Political Cadre School of the Second Division of the New Fourth Army, which was established in February of 194 1. It is composed of 1 brigade that stayed in Huainan when the former Jiangbei Military and Political Cadre School was merged into Kangdawu Branch. Zhang, the deputy teacher, is the principal, and the deputy teacher of the second division is the vice principal.

Nine campuses are