What kinds of operas are there in China?

Kunqu Opera, also known as "Kunqu Opera" and "Kunju Opera", is an ancient opera. It was produced in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province during the reign of Jiajing and Qin Long in Ming Dynasty. It became popular after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and the legendary dramas at that time were mostly sung by Kunqu Opera. It has a history of more than 4 years. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, he became the largest drama in China and dominated the drama world for more than 2 years. Almost all the existing local operas with a long history in China have been influenced by the art of Kunqu Opera, so they are known as the "mother of Chinese opera". In addition to maintaining the characteristics of early Kunqu Opera, Nankun has also formed many branches throughout the country, such as Kunyi, Xiangkun and Chuankun in the north. Kunqu Opera, with its beautiful and gentle style, delicate and lyrical performance, singing and dancing, and rigorous program, is the representative of China classical operas.

Peking Opera, also known as Peking Opera and Peking Opera, is the most influential opera in China, with Beijing as the center and all over the country. Since the 55th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the four Huizhou classes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which were originally performed in the south, have entered Beijing one after another. They cooperated with artists from Hubei, accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera, and absorbed some local folk tunes. Through continuous communication and integration, Peking Opera was finally formed. Peking Opera has spread all over the country, which has a wide influence and is called "national drama". It travels all over the world and becomes an important means to introduce and spread the traditional culture of China.

Pingju is a kind of traditional Chinese opera that spreads in northern China. Produced in the eastern part of Hebei Province, it was developed from the folk art lotus flower drop popular in Luanxian, Qian 'an, Yutian, Sanhe and Baodi (now Tianjin) rural areas. Formed in Tangshan around 191, it is called "Bouncing Opera" or "Falling Opera", and also known as "Pingqiang Bangzi Opera", "Tangshan Falling Opera", "Fengtian Falling Opera" and "Pingxi". When the Bungee Opera was performed in Shanghai in 1935, it was renamed "Pingju" on the advice of the famous Lu Haihuan, because most of the plays performed had new ideas of "punishing evil and promoting good" and "commenting on the past and discussing the present". When Bai Yushuang filmed Haitanghong in Shanghai in 1936, the name of Pingju was first published in Ta Kung Pao by the press. Since then, the name of Pingju has been widely spread throughout the country.

Yue Opera is a local opera popular in Zhejiang. It originated from the "Du Ban" in Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province, and entered Shanghai around 1916 to perform in the name of "Shaoxing Literary Opera". First, it was dominated by actors, and then it became dominated by actresses. After 1938, the name "Yue Opera" was used. In 1942, the actress of Yue Opera headed by Yuan Xuefen reformed her performance and singing, absorbed the strengths of the performance art of Kunqu Opera, and formed a gentle and delicate performance style. There are many artistic schools such as Yuan (Xuefen) School, Yin (Gui Fang) School, Fan (Ruijuan) School, Fu (Quanxiang) School and Xu (Yulan) School. Yue Opera plays include Xianglinsao, butterfly lovers, A Dream of Red Mansions, Five Women Celebrating Birthdays, The West Chamber and so on.

Cantonese opera, originally called Grand Opera or Guangdong Grand Opera, originated from Southern Opera, and began to appear in Cantonese in Guangdong and Guangxi during Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. It is a performing art that combines singing and playing, musicians' music, stage costumes, abstract forms and so on. Every business of Cantonese opera has its own unique costumes. The language of the original performance was the Central Plains phonology, also known as the Opera House Mandarin. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Cantonese for the convenience of local people.

Huangmei Opera, which originated in Huangmei County, Hubei Province, grew and developed in Anqing, Anhui Province. Its predecessor was the tea-picking tune in Huangmei area, and after the middle of Qing Dynasty, it formed a folk opera called "Huangmei tune", which was sung in Anqing dialect. In 195s, under the reform of Yan Fengying and others, the performance became more and more mature and developed into a local drama in Anhui. Famous plays include "A Fairy Match", "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" and "Female Xu". The melody is melodious and euphemistic, beautiful and moving, with a fragrant earthy flavor, which is deeply loved by people everywhere.

Qin Opera is one of the oldest dramas in China, also known as "random play", which is popular in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other places in northwest China. Among them, Baoji's Xifu Qin Opera accent is the oldest, with many ancient pronunciations preserved. Because it uses jujube bangzi as a percussion instrument, it is also called "Bangzi cavity", commonly known as "Xunzi". His performance is rough and simple, his singing is loud and exciting, his voice is like a roar, and he is good at expressing tragic plots. The repertoires include Butterfly Cup, You Gui Shan, Three Drops of Blood and so on.

Jin Opera, also known as "Zhonglu Bangzi", was developed from Shanshan Bangzi, which borders Shanxi and Shaanxi, to Shanxi, and was formed by combining the characteristics of Shanxi language. Now it is popular in central Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. It keeps the characteristics of clapping with clapping, and its musical style is not only high-pitched, but also gentle and delicate. The performance is popular and simple. Famous plays include "Golden Branch", "Little Banquet" and "Selling Paintings to Split the Door".

Guangxi Opera is one of the main operas in Guangxi, commonly known as "Guangxi Opera" or "Guiban Opera". It is a kind of opera sung in Guilin dialect, with delicate and appropriate workmanship, vivid and lively, expressing feelings with the help of facial expressions and posture, and paying attention to shaping characters with delicate and lively performance techniques. Even if it is a martial arts play, it is mostly literary. Popular in Guilin, Liuzhou, Hechi, Nanning and other cities, and in the urban and rural areas of northern Wuzhou where "Mandarin" is spoken, it is deeply loved by Guilin people. Plays include Grab an Umbrella, Pick up a Jade Bracelet, Edge of the Cabinet, etc.

Chaozhou Opera, also known as Chaozhou Opera, Chaoyin Opera, Chaodiao Opera and Chaoqu Opera, is mainly popular in Chaoshan area, and is an ancient local opera that is sung in Chaozhou dialect. Chaozhou Opera is a branch of Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties, which gradually evolved from Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties. It is an ancient opera with a history of more than 44 years. It mainly absorbs the specialties of Yiyang, Kunqu Opera, Bangzi and Pihuang, and combines with local folk arts, such as Chaozhou dialect, Chaozhou music and Chaozhou song books, and finally forms its own unique artistic form and style. Chaozhou Opera is mainly distributed in Yunxiao County, Dongshan County, Zhaoan County and Pinghe County in eastern Guangdong and Zhangzhou area in southern Fujian. Chaozhou opera is often performed at temple fairs, and people like to watch it in a very lively atmosphere, which makes the festive atmosphere more intense. Therefore, Chaozhou opera is more rich in folk customs than other operas. The main tracks are: Chen Sanwu Niang, Window Sweeping Meeting, Lulin Meeting, etc.