Shanxi is known as the hometown of China's traditional drama. Who can give me a brief introduction?

There are many kinds of dramas in Shanxi. There are more than 300 operas in China and 54 in Shanxi, accounting for one sixth. Among the 54 kinds of operas, Zhonglu Bangzi has gradually developed into a representative opera in Shanxi due to various reasons, such as geography and history, so people also call Zhonglu Bangzi "Shanxi Bangzi" or "Shanxi Opera".

Shanxi is one of the birthplaces of China traditional opera art, and it can be called "the cradle of traditional opera". As early as the Han dynasty, Shanxi had the bud of opera. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were many local operas, such as burlesque, shadow play, musical and acrobatic drama, which were the embryonic form of China opera at that time. Later, Kong Sanchuan, a rapper in Zezhou (now Jincheng), changed the single-palace tune into various palace tunes, bringing Shanxi (and actually the whole country) drama to a new stage. In the Yuan Dynasty, the art of traditional Chinese opera flourished day by day. Shanxi was not only "famous in the world", but also became the center of national traditional Chinese opera art. As far as the stage of the Yuan Dynasty is concerned, the stage of the Yuan Dynasty discovered by China at present is basically in Shanxi (southern Shanxi). For example, the "Laoting" was built from Niuwang Temple in Wei Village in Linfen to the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty, the stage was built from Dongguan Village in Linfen to the 5th year of Yuan Dynasty, and the Qiaoze Temple in Wuchi Village in Yicheng was built from the 9th year of Yuan Dynasty. According to ghost stories and other ancient books, the early writers of Zaju in northern Shanxi were Di (Pingyang), Kong (Pingyang), Zhao Gongfu (Pingyang), Yu (Pingyang), Li Qianfu (Xinjiang), Qiao Mengfu (Taiyuan), (Datong), Bai Renfu (Hequ) and Bai Renfu. According to Yuan History Series, Guan Hanqing, a famous playwright in Yuan Dynasty, was also from Xiezhou, Shanxi. Yuan Taizong Shi Lu, Shanxi Tong Zhi and Zhou Pu Fu Zhi also recorded that there were temples in every village in southern Shanxi at that time, and every temple had a stage. There are nine stages in Nanyang Village of Jishan, and three completed zigzag stages in Dongyue Temple of Puxian are still there. In Yuan Yanyou's "Rebuilding the Monument to the King Temple for Six Years", he described the scene of the people watching the drama in Guangsheng Temple at that time: "Every few days in mid-March, the residents are extremely tired, and then they fall in love. This is used to it. " This shows that the art of Shanxi Opera was extremely developed in the Yuan Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, folk artists from Zhou Pu, Shanxi, Tongzhou, Shaanxi, and Shanzhou, Henan boldly reformed the singing of northern zaju, especially adding a pair of jujube bangzi to meet the needs of changing boards, so the drama "Zhou Pu Bangzi" appeared in Shanxi. Later, Zhou Pu Bangzi was combined with local operas and customs in Jinzhong, northern Shanxi and southeastern Shanxi respectively, and gradually formed Middle Road Bangzi, Northern Road Bangzi and Shangdang Bangzi. This is the origin of the "four bangzi" in Shanxi. In the forty-second year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi traveled to Hongdong to the west and once watched Bangzi Opera. Five years later, Kong, the author of the classic Peach Blossom Fan, vividly described the artistic height of Bangzi Opera (also known as "chaotic opera" by the masses) in Pingyang Zhi Zhu Ci: playing flowers without watching the song banquet. I like Kwai Wa's small steps, and (Mao Yu) Handan is in the north. Qin is the most puzzling, but Qu Jiu is coquettish and obsessed with knowledge. Don't cherish the spring shining all night, lest we meet.

There are many kinds of dramas in Shanxi. There are more than 300 operas in China and 54 in Shanxi, accounting for one sixth. Among the 54 kinds of operas, Zhonglu Bangzi has gradually developed into a representative opera in Shanxi due to various reasons, such as geography and history, so people also call Zhonglu Bangzi "Shanxi Bangzi" or "Shanxi Opera".

Jin Opera has beautiful vocals, rich dishes and a wide range. There are also many unique acting skills, which are rare in other operas. Because of this, in recent years, the reputation of Jin opera has become more and more important.

The art of Shanxi opera has been passed down from generation to generation, and talented people come forth in large numbers. Early actresses in Shanxi Opera were very popular. After liberation, with the efforts of Ding Guoxian, a great artist of Shaanxi Opera, Niu Guiying, Cheng Yuying and other celebrities, the art of Shaanxi Opera has developed to a brand-new stage. In recent years, the art of Shanxi Opera has become more and more perfect, and a number of new talents of Shanxi Opera have emerged. For example, Wang Aiai has greatly surpassed her predecessors in singing skills, and now she is definitely regarded as a "love room" by experts. Wang Aiai not only sings well, but also is good at grasping the characters' personalities accurately by using the circulation of tones.

At the same time, it was Tian Guilan who made the performing arts of Jin Opera unique. Her performance, music is enough to make people laugh, and sadness will definitely make people cry. Her dance is superb, graceful and neat, as quiet as water on a violet, touching with high, a pair of sleeves, so affectionate, full of drama and handy. Therefore, in 1986, she won the plum blossom award of the fourth national drama newspaper in Beijing, once again adding luster to the national Jin opera art.

Jin Opera, also known as Zhonglu Bangzi, is one of the four major bangzi in Shanxi, and it is also the most important and representative drama in Shanxi Province. Jin opera, mainly popular in

Central Shanxi. Now, the spread and spread of this drama has reached northwestern Shanxi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northwestern Shaanxi, western Hebei and

Parts of Gansu province. Zhonglu Bangzi is also called Shangxi Bangzi because of its wide range of activities. This kind of drama has a history of nearly 200 years and is famous for the Jin Dynasty.

Mainly in the central region, Yangko was directly influenced by Pu Opera, and gradually evolved by absorbing the musical melody of Pu Opera.

Jin Opera prevailed in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. In the past, most of the actors in this opera came from Zhou Pu. Even if they were not from Zhou Pu, they had to say "Bai Pu" when performing.

Later, according to the preferences of the people in Jinzhong area, it gradually absorbed the strengths of various local arts, and it was only after the rich development of many opera artists that it was able to.

Formed a unique middle road bangzi.

In the late Qing Dynasty, some famous performance clubs went to Beijing, Tianjin and Inner Mongolia for performances many times, and their performances were also influenced by Beijing and Kunming.

Under the influence of traditional Chinese opera, many famous artists have emerged. In the past century, the predecessors of Jin Opera, such as Sanduang District, heartthrob, Mao Mao Dan, etc.

32 students, storytelling red, lion black, etc. There are new creations in singing and manners. Later, Ding Guoxian, Niu Guiying, Cheng Yuying,

Guo Fengying, Ji Meilian and others have also greatly improved their singing, speaking and acting, making the singing and performance of Zhonglu Bangzi more and more suitable for Bangzi.

The violent and rough features of the cavity.

During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, many artists took part in the struggle to reflect reality in the form of the traditional opera Zhong Lu Bang Zi. Most of the drama clubs in Jinsui area are

Sing bangzi. Such as July Drama Club, Lvliang Drama Club and Yanmen Drama Club. In July, the Drama Club went to Xi, Chengdu, Tianshui, Gansu and other places to perform with the PLA.

Has been performing for a long time.

After the founding of New China, Shanxi Opera insisted on serving the workers, peasants and soldiers, bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new, which made the art of Shanxi Opera develop and prosper continuously. Now, active in the mountains.

There are dozens of Jin Opera performance groups on the stage of Western Opera, and the traditional plays of Jin Opera include: Golden Branch, Butterfly Cup, Justice, Phoenix and so on.

There are more than 400 such as Yiting and Huilongge. Nowadays, the famous actors who are active on the stage of Shaanxi Opera are Ma, Ma, Ma, Ma, Ma and Ma.

Waiting for someone.

Excerpt from Shanxi Folk Custom

Pu opera

Pu Opera, also called Zhou Pu Bangzi, originated in today's Zhou Pu in the south of Shaanxi. Some people also call it "South Road Bangzi", which is one of the four major local operas in Shanxi.

It is also the main drama in southern Shanxi. There is no exact written record about the origin of Pu Opera. According to legend, it originated from the "scratch music" with Shaanxi Tongzhou Bangzi.

Cross out the script. "But one thing, Pu Opera has a long history. In the south of Shanxi, many relics of ancient China drama activities have been discovered, especially

The stage in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties and the mural art of performing drama show that the drama performance in southern Shanxi was very prosperous before the Yuan Dynasty.

Pu Opera and Jin Opera, Hokuriku Bangzi and Shangdang Bangzi can be said to have the same root and different branches. The last three operas are all influenced by Pu Opera, some of which are.

Developed on the basis of Pu Opera. Pu Opera is characterized by its impassioned and tragic historical drama. For a hundred years, Yang has been on the stage of Pu Opera.

Famous actors such as Liu, Sun Guangsheng, Wang Cuncai, Jing Liugen and Cao Fuhai appeared. Then came Yan Fengchun, Yang Hushan, Shinohara, Zhang Qingkui and Wang Xiulan.

Famous actors such as Pu Opera made it very popular in Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. In singing style, it sucks.

Pu Opera has absorbed many advantages and disadvantages of Qin Opera and made a big step forward.

Nowadays, in addition to the famous old actors, new stars of Pu Opera are constantly emerging, among which the most famous representative is Ren Genxin, who was awarded the title of performing artist.

. Yuan has been made into a film opera film.

Excerpt from Shanxi Folk Custom

Beilu bangzi

Hokuriku Bangzi, also known as "Shang Lu Opera", is one of the famous operas in Shaanxi. Its activity area starts from Shilingguan in the north of Shanxi and reaches Xinzhou in Yanmenguan in the north.

Daizhou area, later spread in Zhangjiakou, Baotou, Hohhot and other places. It is said that Hokuriku Bangzi evolved from Pu Opera. Beilu bangzi

The actor used to be from Zhou Pu, and Dao Bai also said "Bai Pu". Even if the local people registered for the "doll class", they asked Zhou Pu to teach drama. Until now, the Hokuriku gang

Among the old artists, there is also a saying that "the Northern Road Bangzi School is in Yan County, Xinxian County and East and West".

Although the formation of Hokuriku Bangzi is closely related to Pu Opera, its repertoire content, performance techniques and musical melody are quite different from Pu Opera. Beilu bangzi

With its own unique style, it has formed a high-pitched and exciting tone, powerful performance and generous music rhythm, which shows the people in northwest Shanxi.

Personality traits. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Hokuriku Bangzi was interrupted by Japanese invaders, which formed a special blank in Hokuriku Bangzi history.

Many North Road Bangzi artists were forced to change jobs or were dismembered. A famous artist, Thirteen Dan, and so on, the whole family was killed in Yan County at that time. The famous artist Jia Guilin became a family in obscurity.

A maid-in-waiting, nine-year-old Hong Gao Yugui, was driving a cart, and some artists changed to singing the middle road bangzi, which made the North Road bangzi on the verge of extinction.

1954, in the first opera performance in Shaanxi province, the party and government invited Jia Guilin, a famous artist who retired from stage life 18.

The famous artist "Nine-year-old Red" Gao Yugui returned to the stage and reorganized the Beilu Bangzi Troupe, which revived Beilu Bangzi after more than ten years' interruption.

A new life. Nowadays, in the northwest of Shanxi, Hokuriku Bangzi, as the main drama, has spread and developed and become a popular drama in this area.

Urban and rural areas here. North Road Bangzi "Jinshui Bridge" has been made into a color film opera film.

Excerpt from Shanxi Folk Custom

Shangdang bangzi

Shangdang Bangzi is named after its origin in Shangdang County. This bangzi is the main drama in southeastern Shanxi. The local people call Shangdang Bangzi a "play"

Some people call Shangdang Bangzi "East Road Opera" or "Shangdang Gongdiao".

According to legend, the earliest troupe of Shangdang Bangzi was called "Mingfeng Class". It is said that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a woman named "impatiens" in Yangcheng County who loved her since she was a child.

Opera. After the woman got married, she married a woman named Shi in Jincheng, and formed a troupe with the woman named Shi.

Class ". During the Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, there were more and more large troupes in Shangdang area, which developed rapidly and gradually formed the unique style of Shangdang Bangzi.

Lattice, melody, and trained some famous actors. During Xianfeng and Tongzhi years in Qing Dynasty, Shangdang Bangzi reached its peak. Later, gradually some famous artists.

Appear. Among them, Duan Ermiao, Guo and Jin Gea are the representatives of this particular historical development stage.

Shangdang area, due to the limitation of geography and traffic conditions, has long been spread only in more than a dozen counties in southeastern Shanxi. Because this kind of drama is more active.

Regional restrictions have formed its strong local color and local flavor.

Shangdang Bangzi has rough and healthy artistic characteristics. The catwalk and figure are simple, the singing and music are high, euphemistic and lively, and the songs are rich.

Fu, each singing method has its own musical instrument and repertoire.

Excerpt from Shanxi Folk Custom

Taigu yangge

Taigu Yangko, also known as Qitai Yangko, originated from Taigu folk opera, and is popular in Jinzhong area and Qingxu County, Jiaocheng County and Wenshui County near Taiyuan.

Land. Yangge should be the song of transplanting season. Here, it should be interpreted as a folk tune sung with farming activities in rural areas. At that time, there was a kind of "noisy yangko"

It is said that dance, rap, performance and Daobai were later combined into a kind of "yangko", which was called "local yangko" and "crossing the street yangko".

This kind of opera is spreading more and more widely among the people, becoming a kind of "yangko opera" and one of the cultural activities of local people on holidays, and it is oriented by opera.

Drama director, simple plot. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Taigu Yangko took to the stage. At that time, Cuiping Mountain was eating melons.

Kill my sister-in-law, be a banxiang, sell velvet flowers, sell Yuanxiao, etc. It has become a popular track for ordinary people. At that time, the troupe stirred the snow with the wind.

Ban and Jin Liyuan classes are the most famous. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, drama clubs in the revolutionary base areas in northwest Shanxi began to compile plays with Taigu Yangko tunes.

After the founding of New China, in order to revitalize this drama flower, the then Yuci Commissioner's Office organized old artists from Taigu, Qixian, Yuncheng and Wenshui.

The "Qitai Yangko Research and Reform Society" was established, and a number of traditional plays were adapted and performed. 1955, the old artists in Jinzhong area set up a yangko team.

Five years later, Taigu County established Taigu Yangko Troupe, which gave this kind of drama new vitality.

Excerpt from Shanxi folk custom grand view

Zuo Xiao quan Hua Xi

Popular in Zuoquan County in the southeast of Shanxi Province, it is a kind of local opera with quite characteristics. Zuo Quan Xiaohua Opera originated in the "prosperous time" on the 15th day of the first month.

"literary club fire". The two little boys in Wen She Huo dressed up as characters in the play, put on their clothes and trousers, and sang sweetly behind the social fire, thus opening small flowers.

The embryonic form of the play. Later, it gradually developed into local operas such as watching lanterns and shoveling vegetables, singing and dancing. After 192 1 year, various angles appeared.

Color "cherry" program.

/kloc-after 0/937, Zuoquan county, as our base, used this literary form to publicize the masses, organize the masses to resist Japan, and fight Zuo Quan floret.

Use, modification and improvement. Political power at all levels in Zuoquan County has become a fixed form of literary and artistic activities in the name of "Little Flower Drama". Later, it was like Xiao Fang.

Dramas such as Niu, Going to Winter School, Going Back to Mother's Home and Busy Four Seasons have become powerful weapons to educate the people, boost morale and attack the enemy. General Zuo Quan

After the sacrifice, Liao County was renamed as "Zuo Quan" County, and Xiaohua Opera has more vitality in the old liberated areas until today.

Excerpt from Shanxi folk custom grand view

Wan Hua Rong Valley

It is a folk dance art that spreads in Wanrong County on the bank of the Yellow River in the southwest of the mountain. At the same time, Wanrong Flower Drum is also distributed in Hejin, Fushan, Jiji and other places in the south of Shanxi.

Mountain, Yicheng, Wenxi and other places spread. Because it involves a wide range, it is called Jinnan Flower Drum.

According to legend, the ancestral home of Wanrong ancient paintings is Fengyang, Anhui. Fengyang people went out to work in the early Ming dynasty, and later introduced the "flower drum" to Wanrong. In Wanrong, Jing

After the local working people's processing and transformation, they gradually formed their own style and put it on the stage.

Wanrong Flower Drum is simple, healthy and unrestrained. In Flower Drum, drum performances are divided into high drum (chest drum), low drum (waist drum) and multi-drum.

Drum (one person carries six or seven drums and beats them up and down while dancing), and the accompaniment instruments of flower drum are only percussion instruments such as gongs and cymbals, mainly drums.

There must be dozens of kinds such as "a little oil", "tight three hammers", "four hammers" and "running water".

The drumming action of Wanrong Huagu is flexible and changeable, and there are many small moves in the big action. For example, nodding, hitting, etc. Tighten, tighten. Besides, flowers

The movements and formations of drums are constantly changing, and commonly used are "jujube heart", "cabbage roll heart", "dragon wagging tail" and "chain sleeve". When jumping in place, we often use "sucking legs and jumping alone"

"Hook around feet, etc.

Wanrong Huagu went to Beijing twice to participate in the national folk art performance, and was cordially received and praised by central leaders such as Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi and He Long.

Excerpt from Shanxi folk custom grand view

Double platform

Errentai is a lively, cheerful and simple local opera, which was produced and popular in Hequ County in northwest Shanxi and western Inner Mongolia.

Qu. Errentai is quite popular in Datong, Yanbei and other places, and it is also very influential in North China.

Errentai rose in the late Qing Dynasty and has a history of nearly a hundred years. Because Errenzhuan is rooted in the fertile soil of the local people, its

The content reflects people's real life and interests.

The melody of Errentai music is high and rough, the melody is ups and downs, the tone of crosstalk is solid and natural, lively and beautiful, and the local flavor is rich, which is deeply loved by the local people and

People from all walks of life in the province love it. The accompaniment instruments of Errenzhuan mainly include flute, Sihu, dulcimer and Siwa. After dubbing these instruments, they formed a very rich.

Unique charm of China traditional opera music.

The outstanding traditional repertoires of Errentai include Walking West, Beating Cherry, Picking Vegetables, Selling Bowls and so on. The duet is old, but full of youth.

In recent years, duet is all the rage in northern and central Shanxi.

Excerpt from Shanxi folk custom grand view

Jinminan L.

Fan Hu in the south of Shanxi, also known as "Quzi" and "Qingqu". It is popular in more than 20 counties such as Linyi County, Yuncheng City, Yongji County and Wanrong County.

It is said that Hu Fan Opera is a kind of China traditional drama which was born and raised in the south of Shanxi. Another legend is that it was handed down from Shaanxi in the Qing Dynasty and absorbed from the local area under the influence of Zhou Pu Bangzi.

Folk songs are gradually developed from the bottom rap art.

In the history of Hu Fan's drama, there were performances such as Selling Cloth, Liu Xiu Walking to Nanyang, Hundred Thousand Gold, Three Entering the Ground, Gu Chenghui and so on in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty.

"And so on more than ten passbook played. Have a great influence.

During the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Zhao Liancheng and other folk artists organized professional clubs, and absorbed the skills of Zhou Pu Bangzi, such as hat wing, sleeve and handkerchief, as well as the skills of partition, white rolling and flowing water.

Such as board, learn from each other's strengths, a group of artists have appeared, and even "dare to compete with Zhou Pu Bangzi"

During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the program Cha Lu, which reflected modern life, began to appear. Moreover, the People's Troupe performed "Couples can read" and "Everyone likes it".

The play laid the foundation for the later development of Fan Hu Opera.

1949 years later, Linyi County and Jinnan District established professional Hu Fan Troupe, which trained a large number of actors such as Cheng Genhu and Wei Benshan, and the performance effect was very good.

Play in batches.

The aria of Mi Hu Opera in southern Shaanxi belongs to Qupai style, with 72 major and 36 minor. Over the years, more than 200 major tunes have been collected and sorted out, which is representative.

Rich, minor in just tune. When expressing deep and sad feelings, use Xijing and crying screen window. Used to express a lively and pleasant atmosphere.

Cut leeks, cut flowers, etc. Use "Shilidun" and "Swing" to express happiness and peace. Use more when you are impatient and nervous.

Brief description, etc. When expressing reasoning and persuasion, we often use pipa tune and hook tune. Siping and a string of bells are often used to describe the scenery.

The accompaniment instruments of Mi Hu opera mainly include banhu, sanxian, erhu and flute. Pipa, dulcimer, Ruan, suona, sea flute and transverse flute.

One. Since the 1950' s, western musical instruments such as violin have been added, and more than ten kinds of percussion instruments have been developed, including bangu, Zigzag, Bangzi, jingle bells, cymbals and drums.

, timpani, etc.

Most of the traditional plays are three plays, and there are more than 80 plays such as Zhang Lian Selling Cloth/kloc-0. And "Water Flows East" and "A Red Heart" have all been filmed.

Movies, operas and art films.