The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River-Yangtze River in Asia, the Indus Valley and the Mesopotamian Plain have formed three cradles of civilization due to different geographical conditions.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River-Yangtze River in Asia, the Indus Valley and the Mesopotamian Plain have formed three cradles of civilization due to different geographical conditions. What are the similarities and differences between their cultures?

Mesopotamia was divided into two parts, Babylonia in the south and Assyria in the north. As far as today is concerned, the two river basins are equivalent to today's Iraq.

Sumerians were the earliest inhabitants in the civilized era of the two river basins. They came here before 4 BC. They established the initial civilization of the two river basins. Akkadians, Babylonians (Amorites), Assyrians and Chaldeans, belonging to the Semite language family, inherited and developed the achievements of Sumerians, making the civilization of the two river basins an important page in the history of human civilization. Among them, the Babylonians made the greatest achievements, so the civilization of the two river basins is also called Babylonian civilization.

the civilization of the two river basins originated in the south of the two river basins. Here are the alluvial plains and deltas of the two rivers. Like the Nile in Egypt, the two rivers flood regularly, rising and falling. Only by building dams, ditches and beams to store water and drain water can people cultivate and harvest. Residents in the two river basins mainly use cattle and donkeys to pull wooden plows, and the most important crops are barley and dates. Indus civilization includes two big cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Darrow, as well as more than 1 smaller towns and villages. Fiona Fang, two big cities, is more than 5km (3 miles) long, so it can be inferred from its scale that it is the political center of two big states or a great empire taking the two places as its capital in turn (there was a system of one country and two capitals in Indian history), but it is also possible that Harappa became the capital after Mohenjo-Darrow, because Mohenjo-Darrow was damaged by floods more than once. In Kathiawar and the southern cultural area further south, it was developed a little later than the main Indus region. This culture has characters, about 25 ~ 5 characters, some of which have been tried to be interpreted, and this language has been temporarily classified as Dravidian language family. The central period of this civilization is about 25 ~ 17 BC, but the culture in the southern region that appeared in the first 2 years may last until later. The Yellow River civilization originated in Yuanqu Basin and is widely distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Taking painted pottery as a typical object, it spans the farming culture of matriarchal and paternal clan societies. It was first discovered in Yangshao village on the platform of the south bank of the Yellow River in Mianchi, Henan Province, and is called Yangshao culture. It is about 8 to 5 years ago. It exchanged and merged with Liangzhu culture and Hemudu culture, Wushan Daxikou culture, Shandong Dawenkou culture and Qijia culture in Ganqing region, which originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River later, forming a wider range of Longshan culture and Xia, Shang and Zhou cultures, which is today's Chinese civilization. Its distribution area is more than 8, square kilometers, which is twice that of ancient Egyptian civilization, Mesopotamian civilization, Greek civilization and Ganges civilization in India combined. It is the only prehistoric culture in the world that has been passed down to today by language.