What are the characteristics of ancient Chinese sports and sports development?

The characteristics of Chinese sports culture can be summarized as focusing on the cultivation of internal energy, pursuing physical and mental health, and refraining from external force and competition.

The formation of the characteristics of Chinese sports culture is characterized by a variety of conditions and reasons, which can be roughly summarized in the following ten points.

First, from the point of view of natural geography, China is a large landlocked country, north, west and south of the land transportation with foreign countries is inconvenient, the east of the sea, the waterway is even more difficult to foreign countries, and the country's vast territory, there is much room for development. This natural condition makes China an inward-looking, introspective nation.

Secondly, from the point of view of economic development, thousands of years of agriculture, agriculture and commerce, closed to the outside world, the natural economy is absolutely dominant, it is difficult to flourish in industry and commerce, and there is little competition in the commodity market economy.

Third, from the perspective of the political system, for thousands of years has been the prevalence of monarchical authoritarian rule, the lack of democratic politics. The annual national sports event called "Rites and Shoots", which was organized during the 50 years of the reign of Chengkang in the Western Zhou Dynasty, was abolished during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, when "the rites and music were in tatters" due to the existence of many small states and the constant disputes. After the unification of China in 221 B.C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang strengthened the centralized monarchical rule, forcing the majority of the people to be subjects and submissive, which inevitably affects the development of sports.

Fourth, from the point of view of the military struggle, China's vast territory, the long-term focus on military defense against foreign invasions, more and more with neighboring countries to live in harmony, and few foreign wars, which also restricts the development of military sports and folk sports.

Fifth, from the perspective of national culture and psychology, the Chinese people in the natural and social environment of the above generations, and gradually formed this national character, that is, in line with nature and society, self-improvement, virtue, good at hard work, self-reliance, a strong ability to withstand, do not seek to compete with foreign countries.

Sixth, from the point of view of the world and society, China has emphasized the harmony and intermingling of all things in the world since the Zhou Yi, "and real creatures" and "the unity of heaven and man". There are endless changes and endless derivation, which contains the simple materialistic dialectical thinking, and then Confucianism highlights "harmony and difference", and seeks the "middle way", not going to extremes, and "unity of heaven", and "unity of nature". "People should live in harmony with nature and society, and sports should achieve a balance between mind and body.

Seventh, from the view of life, health view, China's ancient people to explain the doctrine of yuan qi human life, that human life is the parents of heaven and earth, yin and yang, the product of a harmonious combination of two qi, from the Western Zhou sports have "guided", and later developed into qigong, and seeks to achieve a balance of yin and yang through the combination of static and static, the spirit of the spirit of unity, so as to achieve health and well-being. It strives to achieve a balance of yin and yang and a unity of essence, energy, spirit and form through the combination of movement and static, so as to achieve a long and healthy life. Originating in the Sui and Tang dynasties, Shaolin Temple martial arts and Taijiquan, which originated in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, also emphasize luck and inner strength.

Eighth, from the point of view of morality and ethics, the ancients of China from the Western Zhou Dynasty on the importance of "etiquette", that is, the importance of etiquette and etiquette, words and deeds to virtue, benevolence as a moral standard, "do not do unto others what you do not want to be done to you" as the ethical norms, and advocate "not to be the first". "Do not be the first", "do not compete with others", cautioning that "competition is chaotic, chaos is poor", despising the competition, stopping the foot for the teachings, the period of peace and mutual support, emphasizing the family, the collective honor of the clan and chivalrous The family, the clan collective honor and chivalry are emphasized.

Ninth, from the theory of God, religious viewpoint, China's ancient people believed in monotheistic religion, and no gods to divide and conquer, depending on the emperor as the son of God, all things on earth are arranged by a God of God, sacrifices to a God of God. After the Han Dynasty, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism all preached obedience to heaven's order, heaven's way, heaven's will, peace and quiet, and the world.

Tenth, from the viewpoint of education and aesthetics, the ancient Chinese regarded sports as an act of personal cultivation and strengthening of the body and health. No morality, intelligence, physical education and listed as the three priorities of school education, education since the Han Dynasty, cultural and military separation, the school is usually not learning martial arts, depending on the practice of martial arts as a minority of martial arts people's professional training.