This is a biological problem! ! !

Marine fishing is to capture or collect wild animals and plants in the ocean for human enjoyment. This mode of production is essentially the same as the way ancient humans hunted and picked wild fruits in forests and grasslands. If we just stay in this state, no matter how rich the marine biological resources are, we can't meet the growing demand of human beings, let alone rely on the ocean to solve the future food supply of human beings.

Fortunately, modern fishery is changing from natural fishing to agriculture and animal husbandry. Agriculture and animal husbandry of marine fishery is the whole fishery production process from the reproduction, feeding, growth and harvest of marine organisms, which is completely controlled by human beings, just like farming fields, raising livestock and poultry and grazing cattle and sheep. This transformation of traditional fisheries is called "Blue Revolution".

Scientific farming has greatly increased the output of grain, vegetables and fruits, which is called the "green revolution". The scientific and technological progress of animal husbandry has greatly increased the supply of cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, eggs and milk, which is called the "White (Milk) Revolution". The progress of fishery agriculture and animal husbandry mainly occurs in the ocean, so it is called "blue revolution".

At present, the main breeding methods of marine fishery are: artificial breeding, stocking in the sea, growing under artificial control, and then fishing (fish, shrimp, shellfish) or harvesting (algae). This kind of fishery is called "aquaculture fishery" in Japan and "proliferation fishery" in Europe and America. China is called "aquaculture fishery". Proliferation is mainly to release a large number of artificial seedlings into the ocean and increase the catch by increasing the amount of resources.

2. In the early 1980s, China formally put forward the new concept of "Blue Revolution", which means to use modern science and technology to obtain more aquatic products that people need from the blue ocean and inland waters.

On the earth where human beings live, the land area is about 65.438+0.5 billion square kilometers, accounting for 29% of the total area of the earth; The ocean surface is 360 million square kilometers, accounting for 7 1% of the total area of the earth. Up to now, the ocean provides less than 1% food for human beings. According to scientists' estimation, the ocean is rich in aquatic biological resources, and 90% of the animals on the earth-protein-exist in water bodies. Developing marine animal husbandry and asking for food from the water surface is called the "blue revolution" in 2 1 century.

For a long time, mankind's earliest understanding of the economic value of the ocean is limited to "promoting the benefits of fishing and salt, and facilitating the introduction of ships." With the progress of modern science and technology, people find that the ocean can not only provide abundant food, but also serve as an inexhaustible protein and fat warehouse. The development of marine pasture has become the direction of human efforts to increase food sources.

Scientists imagine that there are several main links in establishing marine pastures.

The first is the industrialization of seedling cultivation. The method of combining artificial seedling raising with natural seedling raising is adopted to expand the seedling raising multiple. For example, create an spawning environment for fish and put young fish back into the bay at an appropriate time. According to scientists' observation, the low survival rate of whale eggs is mainly caused by storm damage. Use old fishing nets and cypress branches to build a nest, sink to the bottom of the sea to lure whales to lay eggs in the nest, and then move the nest with fish eggs to an artificial warm water basin to improve the hatching rate of fish eggs and the survival rate of perch fry. In this way, 8 million young fish can be released to a bay fishing ground every year. At the same time, a seed farm was established, from egg collection, hatching to larval feeding, which realized large-scale reproduction and quantitative stocking.

The second is scientific farming. Releasing in natural sea areas is an important method to cultivate fish and shellfish resources, but efforts should be made to improve the recovery rate of releasing. Scientists study the method of breeding fish in the open sea: install a tank with ultrasonic generator or rhythmic sound in the sea, and often add bait. After a period of domestication, the fish formed a conditioned reflex. When the fish heard the signal, they gathered in the fish tank from all directions to eat. When the fish reaches a certain weight, it can be captured by ultrasonic or sound collection. This experiment provides the possibility of establishing a fishing base. Another way of releasing fish and shellfish, which uses the characteristics of natural return to the birthplace or short migration distance, is low in cost, high in efficiency and simple and easy to implement.

The third is to establish a submarine pasture. The submarine pasture designed by scientists includes: establishing fish spawning grounds, transforming beaches, planting seabed feed and putting artificial reefs into use. Developed countries in the world are trying to build or expand submarine fishing grounds, among which artificial reefs are the best. As a habitat for attracting fish, artificial reefs provide a living environment for the growth, reproduction and feeding of fish stoves, which is conducive to the large-scale production of fish farming, fishing and processing.

Marine pasture has become a field that countries all over the world are competing to develop. China's vast sea area, winding bays, long coastline, fertile offshore water and lush algae are good places for all kinds of marine animals to inhabit, feed, grow and lay eggs. China's continental shelf fishing grounds cover an area of more than 400,000 square nautical miles, accounting for 1/4 of the total area of continental shelf fishing grounds in the world. There are more than 0/500 species of fish/kloc-,among which 150 ~ 200 species are of high economic value, such as yellow croaker, hairtail, pomfret and eel. In addition, the resources of phytoplankton, marine reptiles, marine animals and shellfish are also very rich.

Scientists in China put forward the development strategy of "developing marine pasture, feeding the sea with the sea and asking for food from the sea", and established a number of comprehensive fishery production bases for scientific experiments, breeding and product processing in a planned way. That is to say, fish and shrimp feed is cultivated by seafood, and the sea is cultivated by sea, so as to reduce feed consumption and breeding cost, develop comprehensive breeding technology, utilize water areas in a three-dimensional way, expand the scale of multi-species proliferation, and gradually realize marine pasture.

Scientists estimate that with the progress of science and technology and the development of aquaculture technology, the total amount of seafood that can be caught in China's offshore fishery resources is 4 million to 5 million tons per year, and there are more than 20 kinds of economic fish, shellfish and algae that can be developed in coastal beaches. Only by developing and utilizing this kind of products can we provide rich protein and fatty food.