Research thesis titled **Warehouse Management

Abstract: One of the core contents in warehousing management practice is mainly to achieve a balance between the utilization of warehouse space and the disposal cost of inventory goods. It is one of the important ways to reduce warehousing logistics costs. Through efficient warehousing activities, commodity warehousing can function in the most effective time period, creating the "time value" and "space value" of commodity warehousing. Analyze it through examples to discover problems in the company's warehousing management process, analyze and solve problems, thereby improving our understanding of the quality of warehousing management, and improving our logistics service levels while reducing warehousing logistics costs.

Keywords: warehousing; space; cargo space; management

From the perspective of modern logistics systems, warehousing is an important link in logistics and the dispatch center of the logistics system. It is hoped that logistics can be effectively and scientifically managed and controlled in warehousing to make the logistics system run smoother and more rationally. This article mainly starts from the importance of warehousing, combines theory with practice, and analyzes the "space" and "cargo position" in the warehousing activities of an enterprise logistics company. How to use "space" and "cargo position" in warehousing activities "The management achieves the purpose of improving warehousing efficiency and reducing warehousing costs.

Case background: Warehouse management of an optoelectronic technology company.

An Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd. is located in Jinyuan Industrial Zone, Huizhou, Guangdong. It was founded in 1998. It is a professional manufacturer of lighting and electrical device products. It is a leading enterprise in the industry. With its excellent product quality and excellent service spirit, it has won wide recognition and praise from customers. In order to adapt to the strategic development needs under the new form, the company has integrated the existing customer relationship network, established 35 operation centers across the country, and improved the company's supply chain system, logistics warehousing and distribution system, and customer service system.

The company's headquarters has three finished product warehouses, namely finished product group one warehouse, finished product group two warehouse and finished product group three warehouse. They place products in different warehouses according to different product models: a group of finished product warehouses are located on the first floor to facilitate the entry and exit of goods, so there are relatively more types of goods stored there, such as downlights, lamps, etc. Disk etc. And all export products are also stored in one group. The second group of finished product warehouses mainly stores track lights, metal halide lamps, T4 lamps, T5 lamps and light sources. The company's several major light sources are stored in the second group warehouse of finished products. The three groups of finished product warehouses mainly store specific grille lights, ceiling lights, track lights and some products from other companies.

1 Warehouse storage space analysis

The main components of a warehouse warehousing system include storage space, goods, personnel and equipment. Storage is the core function and key link of the warehouse. Whether the storage area planning is reasonable or not directly affects the operating efficiency and storage capacity of the warehouse. Therefore, the effective use of storage space has become one of the important factors affecting the quality of warehouse management. The company's products are selling well. The frequency of entry and exit of the warehouse is high, and the flow of goods is also large. The company's warehouse space layout is to store goods on shelves. The three-dimensional space utilization rate is not high, so the degree of mechanization of its warehouse is not very high. There are only forklifts in the warehouse, including manual forklifts and electric forklifts. Warehouse operations generally use forklifts and rarely use manpower. For the delivery and receipt of goods, they use material delivery and delivery cards. Each delivery and delivery will be registered on the material delivery and delivery card, which is very convenient for us in daily life. Some follow-up work such as checking goods, etc., from the current work results, it seems that the efficiency is relatively high, and the operation is relatively convenient. Therefore, overall, the company's warehouse operation methods are relatively reasonable. Warehouses often store goods in the working space due to insufficient storage space. Especially during the peak sales season, the warehouse is particularly crowded, making working there a bit depressing. Therefore, the working environment of the warehouse is not very reasonable. The storage costs of the company's warehouse are quite reasonable based on statistical data, because its equipment costs are very small and the fixed storage costs are not very high. The storage costs are composed of such costs, so the storage costs are not very high. Taller.

Storage space is the space in the warehouse whose function is to store goods.

Storage space = physical space + potential utilization space + operating space + useless space.

Physical space refers to the space actually occupied by the goods. In the company's warehouse, its physical space accounts for more than 75% of the entire warehouse; the potential utilization space accounts for about 10%; and the operating space accounts for about 10%. Because the company's warehouse is not highly mechanized, the operating space The small dot has no impact, and its safety interval basically meets the requirements; its useless space accounts for about 5%. Overall, the warehouse has a high space utilization rate and is a bit crowded. The analysis believes that the use of some physical spaces should be relatively reduced, and the use of safety breaks and other spaces in some operating spaces should be increased. In addition, from the perspective of plane space and vertical space, the horizontal space has been well utilized, but the utilization of vertical space 2. Analysis of cargo space management

Cargo location management refers to the reasonable and effective planning and management of how to handle, place and where the goods are placed after they enter the warehouse. How to dispose and place the goods is mainly determined by the storage strategy adopted. The specific storage location of the goods must be determined in conjunction with the relevant cargo space allocation principles. The company's warehouse storage management method adopts the positioning storage principle. Positioned storage means that each category or each stored item has a fixed location, and goods cannot use interchangeable locations. Therefore, when planning cargo space, the cargo space capacity of each item must not be less than its maximum possible inventory quantity. However, in actual operation, the positioning storage will generally be adjusted appropriately according to different situations, and it will be changed according to the actual situation. In the cargo space management of this warehouse, after research by relevant staff of the company, theory and practice were combined, and the principles of positioning, fixed point, and quantitative management were implemented. Therefore, its cargo space capacity is not all based on the maximum in-stock quantity. Positioning, because the company's products are products with relatively large seasonal differences. If the maximum in-stock quantity is set, the space utilization rate of the warehouse will decrease, resulting in a waste of resources.

Since all locations in the company's warehouse use the positioning storage principle, according to the current situation of the company's warehouse, it is unreasonable to use the positioning storage principle entirely. Products should be classified according to their different characteristics and storage requirements. Use positioning and storage of important products and products with small quantity and large variety. Since the company's product features are almost the same, their features are not mutually exclusive. From the perspective of product features, they can be randomly placed together.

In addition, the company also has some principles in the allocation of cargo space in warehousing management: (1) The first-in, first-out principle means that the goods that are stored first are shipped out of the warehouse first. This principle is generally applicable to goods with a short life cycle. (2) Facing the aisle principle, which means placing the signs and names of goods facing the aisle so that operators can easily identify them, so that the storage and retrieval of goods can be carried out easily and efficiently. This is also Basic principles for smooth operations in the warehouse. (3) The principle of weight characteristics refers to determining the height and position of goods in the storage location based on the weight of the goods. Generally speaking, heavy items should be stored on the ground or on the lower level of the shelf, while light items should be stored on the upper level of the shelf. If manual handling operations are performed, the height below the waist of a person is used to store heavy or large goods, while the height above the waist is used to store light goods or small goods. This principle has great significance for the safety of shelves and manual handling operations. Based on this principle, the company's warehouse stocking adopts a fruit-picking method. This method is very reasonable for the company's current warehousing requirements, and it is also very convenient for the staff.

In the specific cargo space management process, we can see from the above introduction that they still use more modern management methods and principles. And these methods and principles. For most traditional warehousing business management, it is relatively scientific and reasonable. Of course, there will also be problems in the management process. For example, in actual operations, some operators' inattention, carelessness, and carelessness also make some of our principles not implemented well enough. During the peak sales season of the company's products, the warehouse's cargo space management will be chaotic, and some products will be stored in the working aisles and safety aisles. This is not conducive to our operations, especially affects the safety of warehouse workers, and poses safety risks. Because these problems are often particularly prominent during the peak sales season, in response to these problems, the author recommends that some goods be stored in open yards, but protective measures should be taken during storage.

3 It is recommended to apply the product ABC classification management method

In order to effectively manage and control inventory, we must first classify the inventory. Only in this way can we better manage and control the goods. Therefore, after analysis, the author believes that while the conditions of the original storage facilities remain unchanged, the goods should be managed by ABC classification. This can effectively utilize the space and cargo space of the original warehouse. That is, through the analysis of the goods, find out the priority and sort them into queues. Apply it in management based on the law of "the critical minority and the minor majority" revealed by the Barrett Curve. Therefore, products can be categorized by metrics such as product value, sales volume, stock-out costs, or order lead times. Among them, Category A products are the inventory products with the highest value. Generally, their inventory accounts for 15% of the total inventory, but their value accounts for 70% to 80% of the total; Category B products are inventory with medium value. These varieties account for 30% of the total inventory, and their value accounts for 15% to 25% of the total value; while category C products are the inventory products with the lowest value, their value only accounts for 5% of the total value, but their inventory Accounting for 55% of the total inventory. The warehouse can classify goods and formulate different management strategies for each type of different products, thereby implementing different control measures.

During the management process, for Category A products, the warehouse keeper is required to inspect and inventory the products every day. The operation should be careful, which can clearly reflect the differences of other products of this type, and focused management is carried out; for B Products in this category are managed in a sub-key manner and can be inspected and inventoried in 2 to 3 days. At the same time, the management of Class C products is not neglected, and Class C products are inspected and inventoried every week.

From the above analysis, we know that "space", "storage locations" and their scientific and reasonable management methods in warehousing operations are an important part of warehousing management, and are also important factors affecting warehousing costs and expenses. Some issues in warehousing management are analyzed and studied through practical examples. Through the analysis and research on these issues, we have a deeper understanding of warehousing management. Warehousing has some principles of its own management, which we should abide by and take seriously. Implement these principles. When applying, we combine theory with practice to make our theoretical knowledge of warehousing more adaptable to our actual operations. Only by combining theory with practice can we maximize our knowledge.

references

[1]Ge Chengqun, Diagnosis of Typical Cases of Logistics Operations[M], Beijing: China Materials Publishing House, 2006, (1)

[2] Wang Hong, Logistics Technology Practice[M], Beijing: China Wugui Publishing House, 2006, (8)

[3] Wu Qingyi, Introduction to Modern Logistics [M], Beijing: China Materials Publishing House, 2005, (12)

[4] Wan Tongjian Enterprise Logistics Operation Practice and Case Analysis [M] Beijing: China Materials Publishing House, 2006, (9)

[5] Liu Yanping, Warehousing and Distribution Management [M], Beijing: Electronic Industry Press, 2006, (4) The use is not high, so high-rise shelves or high-rise automatic three-dimensional shelves can be considered to make better use of vertical space.