What is the bottleneck of technological innovation?

1. Major scientific and technological infrastructure construction projects.

Focusing on the great demand of sustainable economic and social development and national security for scientific and technological progress, facing the forefront of international science and technology, we will plan ahead, highlight key points, integrate resources, and build 12 strategic and symbolic national major scientific and technological infrastructure at a high starting point and level in strategic high-tech fields with relative competitive advantages and national modernization, so as to strive to obtain a number of innovative achievements with great scientific significance, ease the constraints of resources and environment and achieve strategic breakthroughs. At the same time, it is necessary to explore and innovate the construction mechanism, management mechanism and use mechanism of major national science and technology infrastructure to ensure the enjoyment and full utilization of resources and give full play to the public benefits of science and technology infrastructure.

During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, spallation neutron source, strong magnetic field device, large astronomical telescope, marine comprehensive scientific research ship, aerial remote sensing system, icing wind tunnel, continental tectonic environment monitoring network, service safety research and evaluation facilities for major engineering materials, scientific research facilities in protein, meridian project, underground resources for earthquake prediction and extremely low frequency electromagnetic detection network, and agricultural biosafety research facilities will be built.

2. Science and technology infrastructure platform construction project.

Construct a reasonable, open and efficient sharing system of scientific and technological resources. With reform as the driving force and resource enjoyment as the core, we will actively explore new management systems and operational mechanisms, break the situation of scattered, closed and monopolized resources, and continuously improve the utilization efficiency of China's scientific and technological resources. Strengthen overall planning and do a good job in the top-level design of scientific and technological resources at the national level. Combined with the characteristics of various scientific and technological resources in China, and drawing lessons from relevant international standards and norms, laws and regulations, technical standards and management systems are formulated to ensure that scientific and technological resources are shared among different departments, localities and units. Make full use of modern technologies such as information and network to carry out strategic reorganization and system optimization of scientific and technological resources, promote the efficient allocation and comprehensive integration of scientific and technological resources in the whole society, and improve the ability of scientific and technological innovation.

Promote the enjoyment of large scientific instruments, equipment and facilities, and gradually form a national * * * enjoyment network; Improve the observation environment and scientific research conditions of existing field observation stations, and form a number of comprehensive and professional field observation experimental bases with network operation and resource sharing. Integrate and improve the national germplasm resources database, the national experimental materials and reference materials database, and the national rock and mineral fossil specimens and biological specimens database (museum). We will build a national scientific data center group that combines centralization and decentralization, promote the construction of service networks for all kinds of innovative subjects, and form a national scientific data classification service system. We will build a digital scientific and technological literature resource database, promote the docking and sharing between relevant departments and local scientific and technological literature network systems, and build a comprehensive and reasonable national scientific and technological literature resource guarantee and service system. Select several major scientific fields to build a network experimental environment, make full use of modern information technology and public network infrastructure, and create a cross-regional and real-time network collaborative environment that serves the scientific and technological innovation activities of the whole society.

3. Knowledge innovation project.

Build a number of high-level scientific research institutions and research universities. Give full play to the role of scientific research institutions and universities as sources of innovation, strengthen the construction of basic research and high-tech research facilities of scientific research institutions and universities, promote the combination of scientific research institutions and universities, and form a number of internationally influential scientific research bases. Give full play to the role of universities and scientific research institutions in cultivating outstanding innovative talents, combine the construction of independent innovation infrastructure with the training of high-level innovative talents, and build a high-level talent training base.

Comprehensively promote the third-phase knowledge innovation project of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In order to improve the ability to solve major scientific and technological problems in China's economic and social development, improve the ability to provide knowledge base and technical support for the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, improve the ability to safeguard national security and respond to the new military changes in the world, give full play to the comprehensive advantages of multi-disciplines, carry out system integration and innovation, further promote the formation of emerging disciplines and interdisciplinary disciplines, and establish a mechanism and environment conducive to talents to stand out, flow rationally and give full play to their talents. Facing basic research and relying on scientific instruments to build a comprehensive research base. Facing the strategic high-tech development, we will build scientific and technological innovation bases such as information, space, advanced energy, advanced manufacturing and new materials. Facing the research of sustainable economic and social development, we will build scientific and technological innovation bases such as population health and medicine, advanced industrial biotechnology, modern agricultural science and technology, ecological and environmental science and technology, resources and marine science and technology.

Implement the scientific and technological innovation project in colleges and universities, and strengthen the basic capacity building of independent innovation in colleges and universities. Strengthen the close interaction and combination between scientific and technological innovation and higher education. Give full play to the advantages of complete disciplines, intensive talents, active academic thinking, and close combination of scientific research and personnel training in colleges and universities, implement interdisciplinary comprehensive integration strategy, build a number of cross-university scientific research centers, promote the integration of advantages among colleges and universities, strengthen the comprehensiveness and intersection of innovation bases in colleges and universities, and improve the level of internationalization. Establish a number of comprehensive, open and international large-scale original scientific and technological innovation bases with excellent scientific research facilities, innovative talents and relaxed academic atmosphere. Pay attention to the characteristics and advantages of industry, local and other universities, and further promote the integration of Industry-University-Research. Implement the introduction and training plan of top-notch innovative talents, improve the personnel training facilities, and build a training support system with clear positioning, clear hierarchy and close connection to promote the sustainable development of outstanding innovative talents.

4. Technological innovation projects.

Establish a basic support platform for industrial independent innovation. With the goal of building a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market as the guidance and Industry-University-Research as the combination, with the main line of improving independent innovation capability, and around the key tasks and major scientific and technological projects determined in the outline of scientific and technological planning, we will strengthen the construction of technological innovation facilities from three aspects: accelerating the development of high-tech industries, saving resources and energy, improving development and utilization efficiency, promoting the adjustment and upgrading of agricultural industrial structure, and enhancing the core competitiveness of equipment manufacturing industry. Build a number of national engineering laboratories to enhance the original innovation ability of China's industrial technology; Build and improve a number of national engineering research centers to enhance the technological integration and innovation capabilities of China's strategic industries and leading industries; Support the construction and expansion of a number of enterprise technology centers, and enhance the digestion, absorption and innovation ability of enterprises to independently research and develop and introduce technologies.

With the goal of accelerating the development of high-tech industries such as information and biology, promoting the informationization process of the national economy and cultivating the core competitiveness of the industry, we will build a number of facilities to support the research and development of core technologies in the fields of core electronic devices, high-end general-purpose chips, integrated circuits and software, next-generation networks, new-generation wireless mobile communications, advanced computing, information security, major new drug creation, major infectious disease prevention and modern Chinese medicine.

In order to alleviate the bottleneck of resources and energy, reduce environmental pollution and ensure sustainable development, we will build a number of key technology development and test facilities in the fields of oil and gas and mineral resources exploration and mining, efficient and safe coal mining and clean transformation, UHV power transmission and transformation and power system security, renewable energy, advanced metallurgical engineering, water pollution control and treatment, and comprehensive utilization of water resources.

In order to promote the adjustment and upgrading of agricultural industrial structure and the sustained, stable and healthy development of modern agriculture and rural economy, a number of advanced and applicable technology research and test facilities have been built in the fields of agricultural seed breeding, efficient utilization of agricultural resources, deep processing of agricultural products and food safety.

In order to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry, promote the transformation of old industrial bases in Northeast China and realize the transformation from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power, a number of important equipment design, system integration, advanced manufacturing process development and test facilities will be built in the fields of rail transit, ocean and ocean engineering, energy-saving and new energy vehicles, high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing, large-scale clean thermal power and nuclear power, large aircraft and new materials.