What do Gu, Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi have in common in ideological essence? What is the historical impact?

The ideological essence of Huang Zongxi, Gu and Wang Fuzhi includes:

1. The concept of "applying what you have learned":

They advocate applying what they have learned and attach importance to practical problems. In view of the phenomenon that the literati in Ming Dynasty only read Zhu Cheng's stereotyped annotation, which was seriously divorced from social reality, they advocated that academics should be pragmatic, should be linked with the national economy and people's livelihood, and join in social reform.

Advocating that "industry and commerce are the foundation". At the end of Ming Dynasty, the commodity economy prospered, and the industrial and commercial status became increasingly prominent. Progressive thinkers in the late Ming Dynasty put forward the idea of "industry and commerce as the foundation".

Influence: The ideological trend of practical application has far-reaching influence. His method of seeking truth from facts and erudite textual research pioneered the academic research in Qing Dynasty, and the concept of basing on reality and applying what you have learned also provided an important ideological source for later generations.

2. The monarch's critical thought:

The blackmail and tyranny of the monarch aggravated the crisis of the dynasty, and they gradually realized that autocratic monarchy was the root of many ills, thus mercilessly exposing the sins of autocratic emperors.

This paper puts forward all kinds of theories and propositions to restrict monarchical power, among which the most important is to advocate freedom of speech and establish a bottom-up supervision institution to ensure the integrity of political organs at all levels, the correct decision-making and the stability of the country and society.

Influence: The critical consciousness of monarchs, represented by Gu, Huang and Wang, originated from the social environment of political and economic collapse during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which had a strong impact on the autocratic monarchy. Their thoughts still have an enlightening effect in the following hundreds of years, giving profound enlightenment to future generations.