What is the vertical leadership system?

Vertical leadership means that subordinate departments directly accept the command and leadership of the same type of superior departments.

Take the industrial and commercial bureau as an example. Under the current system, the county industrial and commercial bureau is not only under the jurisdiction of the county government, but also under the leadership of the superior city industrial and commercial bureau.

The vertical leadership system means that local industrial and commercial bureaus are no longer subject to the jurisdiction and interference of local governments, but directly led by county industrial and commercial bureaus, municipal industrial and commercial bureaus, provincial industrial and commercial bureaus and the State Council industrial and commercial bureaus, and directly led by relevant central administrations.