What is Sumo

Sumo (すもう): a sport similar to wrestling, which was called Kakugo during the Qin and Han Dynasties, and Sumo during the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Southern Song Dynasty. It was introduced to Japan around the time of the Tang Dynasty and is now a popular wrestling sport in Japan.

Sumo (すもう), anciently known as Su-mai (素舞), originated in China during the Han Dynasty, when two Hercules warriors wrestled each other topless. It was not until the seventh century A.D. that a Chinese envoy was sent to Japan to perform sumo at the funeral of Emperor Yunkyo (453 A.D.), which is considered to be the first time that Chinese sumo was introduced to Japan, and it had a certain impact on the original sumo in Japan. It later became the national sport of Japan, the international fighting art and sport of Japan. As a professional competitive sport, it is known in Japan as osumo. [edit]History Both China and Japan had sumo wrestling in their history. Some excavated artifacts show that the image of kakugo in China during the Qin and Han Dynasties is very similar to that of sumo, which is now popular in Japan. As late as the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, China already had the name of sumo. Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, sumo activities have been prevalent. It was only in the middle of the Qing Dynasty that the name of sumo gradually disappeared. In modern times, sumo has been regarded as a Japanese martial art, but in fact, sumo was originally a kind of "Jiaojiao" in ancient China. As early as the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there was a popular folk game in the area of Jizhou (present-day Hebei): people wearing masks with horns competed with each other in martial arts, and fought with each other's strength. This is both athletic and performance activities, known as the "corner of the", also known as "Chi play.

Shi Ma Qian in the "Records of the Grand Historian - Huang Di this record" has recorded: "Chi Yu's head with horns, and the head of the Yellow Emperor, the corner against the people, the present Ji State for the Chi play." The "horn" and the Yellow Emperor war Chiyu legend linked, which is enough to explain its long history.

Ancient "angle" has a wide range, sumo is only part of it. In the Song Dynasty, the term "jiaodai" came to refer exclusively to wrestling, also known as sumo wrestling.

Now, the ancient sumo wrestling is still popular in Japan

Japan's book "The Beginning of Sumo Wrestling" says that sumo wrestling in Japan first appeared in 23 BC. The Japanese Encyclopedia of Sports states, "Japanese sumo has a mutual relationship with Chinese kakugo and kenpo." Japanese historical archaeologist Ikeuchi Hiroshi and Umehara Sueji co-authored the book "Tongou", also said that Japanese sumo and China's Jilin Province, Juan County, unearthed from the 3rd to 5th century on the walls of the ancient tombs of the Kakuga figure very similar; and China's Tang and Song dynasties sumo tournament form and rules are also similar. From the 17th century onwards, professional sumo wrestling, known as "Dai Sumo", began to develop in Japan, and modern sumo wrestling began to take shape in the 18th century. By the early 20th century, sumo was widely practiced as the "national sport" of Japan. To date, sumo tournaments are held six times a year in January, March, May, July, September and November, and have become one of the most popular sports in Japan. The following is an introduction to the technical requirements and rules of sumo wrestling, which is currently popular in Japan.

Sumo wrestlers must not only have strength, but also skill, and skill is the key to winning or losing a match. Technique is roughly divided into push, fall, catch, pull, flash, press, trip and so on. Athletes mainly use their necks, shoulders, hands, arms, chests, stomachs, waists, knees, legs, feet and other parts of the body to attack each other with various techniques. Athletes (known as Rikishi in Japan) are categorized into 10 levels according to their performance: Seonokuchi, Seonodan, Sanodan, Makushita, Shoryo, Maotou, Kotoshi, Sekiwaki, Daikan, and Yokozuna. Yokozuna is the highest level title for athletes and is a lifetime honorary title. Athletes at level 6 above ten taels have a different quality of hairstyle and belt than those at the four levels below makuuchi. Athletes of rank 6 and above of the Shodo Ryu have an entrance ceremony and wear a make-up apron when competing. Sumo referees (called Gyoshi in Japan) are also divided into 10 grades according to their years of experience. The rank of a sumo referee is called "gekko" and "yokozuna gekko" is the highest rank of a referee. Their rank is indicated by the color of the tassel on their fan. The fan that the referee uses to direct the fight is called a "kunai" and the side to which the fan is pointed is the winner.

Sumo wrestling originated in Japan as a Shinto ritual. It was held at shrines to honor the god of the harvest in the hope of bringing in a good harvest. During the Nara and Heian periods, sumo was a spectator sport at court, and by the Kamakura Warring States period, sumo was part of samurai training. the 18th century saw the rise of professional sumo, which was very similar to today's sumo tournaments. Shinto rituals emphasize the sport of sumo, and the purpose of the stomping ritual (shiku) before the match is to drive away evil spirits from the field and also to relax the muscles. Salt is also sprinkled on the grounds for purification purposes, as Shinto doctrine holds that salt drives away demons. Sumo matches are held on a dais. The entire platform is square, with a circle in the middle, and its diameter is 4.55 meters. During the match, two rikishi with their hair tied in buns and a belt tied around their lower bodies are almost naked on the stage. During the match, no part of the Lux except the palms of the feet may touch the surface of the platform, and at the same time may not go beyond the circle. The match is decided within a minute or two or even a few seconds. There are six judges*** in sumo. The main referee is the "Gyoshi", who holds a folding fan, and the other five are in the front, east, west, and the referee's chair. The highest rank of Hercules is "Yokozuna". The next four ranks are Daikan, Sekiwake, Kotoshi, and Maenoki, which are called "Makuuchi," and are the upper ranks of the Rikuchi. The next four levels are the Shoryu and Makushita, and then there are the lower levels of the Sanshidan and Sequential Sanshidan. The lowest level was called Sequential Mouth. It takes a lot of effort for an ordinary rikishi to attain a higher rank; it is also impossible to attain the lowest rank without hard work.

Sumo (sumo) is known as the national sport of Japan, and is also known as jousting and jousting. Sumo originated in China. In the Book of Rites - Monthly Orders, "The Son of Heaven ordered the generals and marshals to teach martial arts and to practice archery and jousting." Later, it was introduced to Japan. It was introduced to Japan in the Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan). It flourished after the Nara period, and in 719 (the third year of the Pension Period), the court established the Battoji (later Sangpuji). In the Heian period, a sumo festival was held in July every year. After the Kamakura period, it became popular among the samurai as a martial art, and at the end of the 17th century, professional sumo wrestling for profit was introduced. In the Edo period, professional sumo was popular, and Edo became the center of sumo in Japan. It declined during the Meiji Restoration. At the beginning of the Showa period, sumo was revitalized due to the rise of nationalism. After the war, there were sumo stadiums in Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, and Nagoya. Sumo wrestling is still practiced today as a popular sport in many parts of the world.

Sumo is the only form of Japanese wrestling. It has a long history, as does Japanese Shintoism. Many traditional rituals still exist. The basic rule of sumo is that a player loses if he touches the ground before his opponent or more times than his opponent in a round. The tussle between competitors often lasts a few seconds, sometimes up to a minute or more. Six sumo tournaments are held in Japan each year. Each is 15 days long. Three are held in Tokyo and the rest in Osaka, Fukuoka and Nagoya. Highest level of sumo: Yokozuna is the highest level of sumo. Once a player reaches the Yokozuna rank, he can no longer lose. If his results start to deteriorate, he is expected to retire.

According to archaeological data, the earliest bareback sumo fighting techniques may have come from the Hu people, a horse-riding people of the Ordos Steppe. Since reaching the Western Jin Dynasty, after the five hu moved southward in large numbers to the farming plains, the Han people began to have the name sumo. However, today there is no longer such a name, if you want to find traces of bareback sumo, perhaps today's Shanxi Dingxiang, Yuanping area of the Hu pasture, there are still bareback "touching the mud earth wrestling" and "scratching the sheep race" tradition, perhaps some traces of the remaining nomadic, horse riding Perhaps some traces of nomadism, horseback riding, and ethnic sumo wrestling remain! According to archaeological data, the earliest bare-knuckle sumo wrestling of the Yamato people, an agricultural island nation, may have come from the Goguryeo people, a horseback-riding people of the Korean Peninsula, and was introduced from the Korean Peninsula around the time of King Gwangkaeo of Joseon, after the Western Jin Dynasty, and after that time. After more than ten centuries, it has developed into a national sport with its own characteristics.

Sumo wrestling began in Japan in 695 AD. In 728 A.D., sumo wrestling entered the lives of the Japanese nobility, and a "Sumo Festival" was set up at the court, which was held regularly every year with rules for the tournament. The festival lasted for more than 400 years, but as the power of the imperial family declined, it began to be popularized among the people, and became associated with the worship of gods and goddesses, exorcisms, celebrations of harvests, and divinations of good fortune in production. From the seventeenth century, "professional sumo" emerged, and in the early twentieth century, it was widely practiced as the national sport of Japan. In 1909, a national sports hall was built in Tokyo for sumo tournaments, and in 1941, it was included as an official subject in school sports. The status of sumo as a national sport was further recognized in Japan. Professional sumo is considered to be a noble profession, and sumo wrestlers are highly respected wherever they go. It is said that this has a lot to do with the Japanese people's traditional concept of the emperor and the monarch, because in ancient times, sumo wrestlers could only perform for the emperor in front of the emperor, and at that time, the "Sumo Festival" was one of the most important ceremonies in the palace, and it was considered to be a lifelong honor for a sumo wrestler to be on the field, and people regarded him as a hero. The sumo wrestlers were honored for the privilege of competing in the matches, and were regarded as heroes. As a result of this practice, they were still respected in the hearts of the people in the Shogunate era, when the samurai were in power, and even today. Sumo wrestlers in contemporary professional sumo tournaments are required to go through a rigorous training course organized by the Sumo Association, which involves the study of ideology, diet, sumo techniques, sports medicine, physiology, and kanji (Chinese poetry). [edit]Sumo wrestlers </B>

Most of the best players are between the ages of 18-35 and are highly trained athletes. All they do to gain a physical advantage besides consume is eat a lot of food and eat before they sleep. Beginners live in fairly strict specialized sumo rooms. Status: In Japan, "sumo" has an important status, and is regarded as a "national sport" by the Japanese, and is loved by many Japanese, many of whom are proud to receive a sumo wrestler's business card when their new home is built! Two chubby sumo wrestlers having a physical fight in a circle is a great feeling! The two sumo wrestlers are dressed simply, with only a "crotch cloth" tied around their waists to cover their lower bodies! This may seem a bit indecent to people! In Japan, many sumo wrestlers are the children of poor families in the countryside, and are educated in the "sumo-buroya" from an early age, so that they can achieve a social position of "excellence"! It is said that the daily sumo exercise is very little, to ensure that they can permanently maintain a fat body, because in Japan's sumo tournament, there is no number of levels, only rely on the sumo wrestlers themselves to be able to "big waist". So the Japanese sumo male players, the more "fat body fat" of course, the more favorable, so in order to try to grow fat, male sumo wrestlers every day in addition to two meals is a long time to sleep, during the period of only a short period of training. Nowadays, the Japanese sumo community has made a lot of reforms to sumo in order to make it an official Olympic sport.

Professional sumo wrestlers must be tall and lanky, and after the age of 20 are required to be at least one meter seventy-five and weigh at least one hundred and twenty kilograms. First-class sumo wrestlers end up having huge and pear-shaped bodies, and the fact that they have such size and strength is actually closely related to their diets, which are amazingly large, about ten times that of a normal person.

The heaviest sumo wrestler ever in Japan is today's Ogin from Hawaii, USA, who weighs two hundred and sixty-three kilograms. Sumo wrestlers are categorized into ten ranks according to their performance in competition: sequential no kuchi, sequential two-dan, three-dan, makushita, ten-two, forehead, kojutsu, seki rikishi, daikan, and yokozuna. Two of the most popular figures who have been Yokozuna in recent years are the first non-Japanese Yokozuna in the history of Japanese sumo (a lifetime honorary title), Aurutaro (Hawaii), and Japan's most promising kuno hana, who faced off in the Hong Kong Supersport Tournament, with Aurutaro claiming the overall championship honors after winning one match each.

Contemporary grand sumo tournaments are held in venues called earth tables, which are made of clay piled thirty to sixty centimeters high. The tournament area is circular, 4. 55 meters in diameter, and a thin layer of fine sand is spread over the surface of the solid, flat tournament area. In traditional tournaments, there are pillars at the corners of the clay table, and a Japanese-style roof is placed on top, and the spectators gather around to watch the matches similar to the traditional ring matches in ancient China, for example, in the 18th-century "Jiangdu Suijin Dai Sumo Floating Picture," the pillars obstructed the spectators' view, and the pillars were canceled in 1951 in favor of a suspended roof. In the sumo technique of the main wrestler, there are more than one hundred hands, including seventy hands of "Kiki-Mari" and forty-eight hands of the traditional sumo. It is not easy to win when you are the same size as each other, but in addition to speed, power and timing, combined with reflexes, make it difficult to win.

The height and weight requirements for sumo wrestling are limited to a lower limit of 75 kilograms and a lower height limit of 1.73 meters.

Japan's famous sumo wrestler - Aurora, once participated in Japan's famous <<K-1 Fighting Championships>> although in the K-1, his strength is not the best one, but his spirit is worthy of praise and admiration! [edit paragraph] The venue Sumo wrestling matches are held on a 40-60 cm-high, 727 cm-square, 40°-50°-sloped earthen platform (known as a "tsukemote" in Japan), and the center of the platform is a rounded, 455 cm-diameter arena, with the north side of the arena as the front side. The field is covered with a canopy, and four colors of cloth, black (northwest), blue (northeast), red (southeast), and white (southwest), are hung at the corners to symbolize the four seasons. Prior to the competition, a physical examination is required; those over 20 years of age must be over 1.75 meters tall and weigh over 75 kilograms; those under 20 years of age must be over 1.70 meters tall and weigh over 70 kilograms. Athletes combed hair buns (athletes below 3 sections do not knot hair buns), fastened belt and crotch (athletes naked, only wide belt and crotch), in the water buckets specially placed on the east and west sides of the platform to take "force water" gargling, moistening the throat, which means that the water can increase the strength, so it is known as the "force water The water is called "force water" because it can increase the strength. Then use the "force paper" to wipe the dirt on the body, symbolizing the cleansing of the stains on the soul. Salt is sprinkled on the playing field to make it clean and less likely to become infected, and sacrifices are made to heaven and earth to pray for safety. After the referee drummed and beat the incense ruler and called the sumo wrestlers to come out for the match, both sides went on the stage, walked to the center 60 centimeters apart, stood opposite each other, and each of them made preparatory activities such as lifting the legs and stepping on the feet and rubbing the hands together and clapping the palms. Then both hands touch the ground, regulate breathing, and prepare to enter the match. [edit this paragraph] rules of the game athletes in the game can catch each other belt, hold the head and neck, torso and limbs, you can use the legs to make tripping, you can slap each other's chest, but not allowed to kick each other's chest and abdomen, not allowed to grab crotch and genitals, not allowed to grab the hair, hit the ears, card throat, not allowed to injure each other's eyes, the stomach door and other vital places, not allowed to use their fists to hit or use anti-joint movements.

When competing, if you can make any part of your opponent's body land (except the soles of your feet), you will win. If any part of the opponent's body (including hands and feet) touches the ground outside the boundaries, the game is won. There is no time limit for the match, if both sides are exhausted after a long period of time, the referee can announce a pause in the match, and then restart the match again after a break until the winner is decided.

Sumo wrestlers are generally very strong, some sumo wrestlers even reached more than 500 pounds! (Amazing)

October 12 (Sun) Yokohama City ＜Kanagawa Prefecture Yokohama Bunka Gymnasium＞

October 13 (Mon) Kumagaya City ＜Saitama Prefecture Kumagaya Spot Culture Park Sai no Kuni Kumagaya ドーム＞

October 16 (Mon) Hosuju-gun Noto Town ＜Ishikawa Prefecture Naipo Gymnasium＞

October 17 (Mon) Mi Hara City ＜Shiga Prefecture グリーンパーク山东＞

10月18日（土）?9?919日（日） Kyoto City ＜Kyoto Prefecture Kyoto City Gymnasium＞

10月20日（月） Miyoshi City ＜Tokushima Prefecture Miyoshi City Ikeda Sogo Gymnasium＞

October 21st (fire) Anjo City ＜Kochi Prefecture Anjo Demo＞

October October 22 (Water) Motei City ＜Okayama Prefecture Kyusei Esperance Land＞

October 23 (Wood) Kakushi no Shima-cho, Kakushi Prefecture ＜Shimane Prefecture 隠岐の島町総合體育館＞

October 24 (Gold) Yonago City ＜Tottori Prefecture Tottori Prefecture Yonago Sangyo Gymnasium＞

October 25 (Earth) Hiroshima City ＜Hiroshima Prefecture Hirushima Prefecture 広島県総立合體育館＞

October 25 (Earth) Hiroshima City ＜Hiroshima Prefecture Hiroshima Prefecture General Stadium＞

October 25 (Earth) Hiroshima City

October 26 (Sun) Shimonoseki City ＜Yamaguchi Prefecture Shimonoseki City Gymnasium＞ [编辑本段]Grade Levels Sumo wrestling (known as rikishi in Japan) is divided into 10 grades according to the performance of the athlete: shounokuchi, shounidan, sandan, makushita, jodo, maezumi, kotoshi, saiwaki, omakaseki, and yokozuna. Yokozuna is the highest level title for athletes and is a lifetime honorary title.

The following is the Japanese representation of each segment

Sequence no kuchi (じょうのくち)

Sequence 2 dan (じょにだん)

San dan (さんだん)

Shogakushita (まくした)

Ten-ryo (じゅうりょう)

Front-head (まえがしら)

Shokubo (Komusubi)

Shokubo (こむすび) <

Sekiwaki (せきわき)

大関 (おぜき)

横纲 (よこづな)