A study of the history and current status of the surname Wu

1. From the surname Ji, after Ji Wu, the youngest son of King Ping of Zhou. According to the New Tang Book - Chancellor's Lineage Table, in 770 B.C., Inu Rong invaded the Western Zhou, King Yu of Zhou was killed and the Zhou's Kyoto was destroyed. King Yu of Zhou's son, Yisu, who was favored by some of the vassals such as Shen, Xu, and Lu, assumed the throne in Shen, and later moved to Luyi, which is historically known as the Eastern Zhou. Yisu was King Ping of Zhou. Because of his palm has a "wu" shape lines, so was given for the wu, for the Zhou dynasty doctor, and later his children and grandchildren, so to wu for the clan, history is called wu surname authentic. It is Henan Wu.

2, from the name of the country. According to the "Shiben", "ten thousand family name genealogy" and other information, summer minister Wu Luo was sealed Wu Luo country, after the country died, his descendants to the country name for the clan, called the Wu surname.

3, from the Zi surname, to the ancestral word or posthumous name for the clan:

① from the Shang King Wuding, to the ancestral name for the clan. According to the "Wuban Tablet", after the Shang King Wuding, to his ancestor's name for the clan. Such as the Han Dynasty Wu Ban that is.

② From the Spring and Autumn period after Song Wudong, posthumous name for the clan. According to the "Customs" contained in the Spring and Autumn Song Dai Gong's son Sikong, died posthumously "Wu", known as Song Wu Gong, his descendants to his ancestor's posthumous name for the family, also known as the Wu. It is Henan Wu surname.

4, from the cognate name. According to the "customs" contained in the Han dynasty, Wuqiang Wang Liang, fiefdom in today's Hebei province Wuqiang county, its descendants because of the fiefdom "Wuqiang" Jane for the Wu.

5, from the compound surname beginning with the word "wu" - wu an clan and wu jiang clan:

1) from the compound surname simplified, for the qin general bai qi after. During the Warring States period, the Qin general Bai Qi was awarded the title of Wuan Jun for his achievements, and his descendants took the title of "Wuan" as their family name, which was called the Wuan Clan, and the surname WU was later simplified.

② From the descendants of Ji Man, the grandson of King Ha of Zhou. Because Ji Man's descendants were once feudalized in Wujian (the area of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province), their descendants were named after the fief, called Wujian Clan, and later surnamed Wu.

6, from other sources. Tang Dynasty, or was given the surname of Wu:

① According to the "Book of Tang": "Tang Helan Min warrior's heir, the surname of Wu."

② The surnames Fu, Zuo and Li were given the surname Wu by Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty.

7, from the minority ethnic groups have the surname Wu or a compound surname changed to the Chinese surname Wu:

① Manchu Wu Nie's, Wu Jia's, Wu Kudengji's, Ewenki Wu Lixi's Chinese surname for Wu.

② Beijing, Yi, Mongolia and other ethnic groups have the surname Wu.

The originator of the surname

Wu Ding. When King Wuding of Shang Dynasty succeeded to the throne, his country was weakened, so he tried his best to restore the prosperity of Yin and Shang Dynasty, but he was worried because he could not find any good ministers to assist him. According to legend, one night Wuding dreamed that the sage called "Say" would assist him, so he searched in all directions, and finally found Fu Yan's place east of Pinglu, Shanxi, which was the wise prime minister Fu Shuo, who was born a slave. Wuding had great trust in Fu, and the ruler and his subjects worked together to make Yin Shang reach its peak, which is known as "Wuding's Rise" in history. After Wuding's death, his descendants believed that his achievements were so great that he could be compared to the founding monarch Cheng Tang, and that he should have his own family name, so they took his name as their clan and called it the Wu family name, and they regarded Wuding as the founder of the Wu family name.

The distribution of the Wu surname

The earliest birthplace of the Wu surname should be in present-day Henan Province, and then again the first to get in this place to get constantly reproduced, and quickly to the neighboring provinces of Shandong and Jiangsu migration. To the Han, Shandong Wu has been a prosperous, prominent family. The Wu family name from this place, after a large number of reproduction to the present Henan, Anhui, Shanxi and so on. Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties period, the Wu family migrated southward to become a big family in Jiangsu. One of the Wu family in the north moved into Shanxi. Tang Dynasty, a Wu Zetian, so that the Wu family name to reach an extremely prosperous period, throughout the country.

County Halls

Halls:

" Selling Salary Hall": Selling Salary is selling firewood. In the Song Dynasty, Wu Xingde, who was odorless in appearance, had a poor family and sold firewood for a living. When Jin Zu was guarding Bengmen, he went to the countryside and saw Xingde selling firewood, he was very surprised by his appearance and saw that the firewood he was carrying was particularly heavy, so he kept him under his tent as a Houyu. Later, during the battle, Xingde was captured by the Khitan, he killed the Khitan officials and occupied Heyang, and soon returned to the Han Dynasty, became Heyang Yin, and entered the Song Dynasty, where he served as the Crown Prince Taifu.

The Wu family name is also known as "Taiyuan".

County:

Taiyuan County: The county was established in the fourth year of King Zhuangxiang of Qin in the Warring States period. During the Qin Dynasty, it was equivalent to the area south of Wutai Mountain and Guanxian Mountain in Shanxi Province and north of Huoshan Mountain. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the county was reorganized into a county equivalent to the area of Jinzhong between Yangqu, Jiaocheng, Pingyao, and Heshun.

Pei County: Emperor Gao Di of Han Dynasty changed Surabaya County to County. It is equivalent to the present north of Huaihe River in Anhui Province, east of West Interfluo River, Xiayi and Yongcheng in Henan Province, and Pei and Feng in Jiangsu Province. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was changed into a state.

Historical figures

Wu Ding: King of Shang Dynasty. Later known as Gaozong. Legend has it that his name was Zhao, the son of Pan Geng's brother Xiao Yi. As a young boy, Wuding worked with the "little people" in the field, and thus better understood the "difficulties of harvesting". After he became the king, he promoted Fu Shuo to be the ruler. Fu Shu was originally a criminal, but was discovered by Wu Ding and was reused. Wu Ding also appointed Gan Pan as his minister, and the two of them "took over the government of the world and ruled the people of the world", striving to consolidate the rule and enhance the national strength, so that the Shang Dynasty could be greatly ruled. The Records of the Grand Historian, Volume III, says: "Wuding cultivated the government and practiced virtue, the world was salty, and Yin Dao was revived." Wuding was known as the "King of the Middle Kingdom" because he brought the Shang dynasty to great heights. During his reign, Wuding continuously carried out large-scale conquests against the □ side to the west, the Tiger side to the south, the Yi side to the east, the Ghost side to the north, as well as the Qiang side and the Zhou tribe. Among them, the mobilized troops for the □ side were sometimes 3,000 and sometimes even 5,000; and it took three years to conquer the Ghost side. According to the divination records of Yin ruins, Wu Ding's spouse, Wu Hao (妇好), personally led the conquest of the Qiang side. In addition to the "Qiang", there are also many records of "Qiang" and "Qiang" in the divination, i.e., Qiang captives were captured and used as sacrifices for human sacrifices, and the number is astonishing. Wuding used his army in all directions for many years, and conquered many small square states around him. These wars of conquest laid the foundation for the dynasty to form a vast territory of "thousands of kilometers of gui, where the people live, and the four seas". Wuding reigned for fifty-nine years, and after his death, his son Zugeng succeeded to the throne.

Wu Chen (武 臣): a native of Chen County (present-day Huaiyang, Henan Province) at the end of the Qin Dynasty, he accompanied Chen Sheng's uprising, and later established himself as the king of Zhao, but he was killed by his general, Li Liang (李良) for disobeying Chen Sheng's orders.

Wu Zhang (武漳): a native of Wenshui (present-day Fenyang, Shanxi Province), he was a famous general of Shu in the later Five Dynasties and served as the Minister of Shannan, emphasizing on agriculture and contributing to the construction of local farmland and water conservancy.

Wu Yi: a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, a Qianlong scholar. He founded the Fanquan Academy and gave lectures in person. He was a master of history and history, and was good at examining and analyzing jinshi texts. Author of "reading the examination of different", "group of scripture evidence", "Yanshi Jinshi record", "authorized poetry copy of the Hall" and so on. Wu Yuxiang: Founder of Wu Style Taijiquan in the Qing Dynasty.

Wuqi: a native of Taigu (now Shanxi Province) in the Yuan Dynasty, served as Counselor of the Ministry of Education, Minister of the Ministry of Revenue, and Counselor of Gansu Province. He was involved in changing the banknote law and casting the treasure money, but the time did not help Kee, the price of goods is flourishing, and the banknote law is bad. He is the author of Tongkao of treasury money, and so on.

Wu billion: Henan Yanshi people, famous scholars in the Qing Dynasty, the official county magistrate in Boshan. Had founded the Fanquan Academy, proficient in Jinshi characterization. Author of "reading the examination of different", "Yanshi Jinshi record" and so on.

Wu jin: China's modern pioneer of mass schooling, the great civilian educator, for the poor, founded the Tangyi, Tantao, Linqing three counties of righteousness.

Wu Zetian (武士彟彟): a native of Wenshui, Wenshui (east of Wenshui, Shanxi Province, present-day), He was the father of Wu Zetian (武则天). He was rich in timber business and was rewarded with an official title for his meritorious campaigns with Li Yuan. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong, he was granted the title of Duke of Zhou as the father of the Empress, and was given the title of King of Taiyuan.

Wu Zetian (武则天): The first female emperor in Chinese history, empress of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, reigned for 21 years after the Zhou Dynasty was established in 690 AD. During her reign, she made many political achievements, such as making good use of talents, creating the Imperial Examination, emphasizing agriculture, and strengthening border defense. However, there were cases of injustice due to the appointment of coolies. In 705 A.D., Emperor Zetian was forced to abdicate his throne to his son, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, who then restored the Tang Dynasty.

Wu Cheng Si: Wu Zetian's nephew, he was a powerful man because of his shade. Later Wu Cheng Si fought for the establishment of the Crown Prince, unsuccessful, and died in disgust.

Wu Sansi: Wu Zetian's nephew, plotted to rebel and was killed.

Wu Yuanheng: Henan Gou Gou (today's Henan Province, Yanshi South) people, the Tang Dynasty Jianzhong Jinshi, the official to the prime minister, the emperor said, "is the true prime minister. Because of the uprightness, offense to the rich and powerful, was assassinated by assassins.

Wu Zongyuan: Henan Province, Bai Bo (now Mengjin), a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, learning Wu Daozi, smooth brushwork, good at Buddhism, Taoism, ghosts and deities, has made murals for the temple, people all say.

Wu yun chan: Song dynasty high poet, two tributes to the township, poetry and writing deliberately, more popular, authored "practice lake set".

Wu Yuanzhi: Jin Dynasty Beijing, good at painting landscapes, but also poetry and literature. There are "Dongpo traveled to the Red Cliff" and so on passed on to the world.

Wu Yuan Chen: Yuan Dynasty opera singer, made a lot of miscellaneous dramas, now known as 10 kinds. Wu Yuanzhi: Mingchang between the famous scholar. Good at painting landscapes, poetry and literature. His works include Lianfeng Xiaoying Tu, Fishermen and Woodcutters Gossiping Tu, and Dongpo's Visit to the Red Cliff. Wu Zongyuan: a famous painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, good at painting Taoist ghosts and gods, smooth strokes.

Wu Zhiwang: a native of Guanzhou, Shaanxi Province, in the Ming Dynasty, who had a unique medical skill and had referred to Wang Kendang's "The Guidelines for the Treatment of Evidence," compiled the "Compendium of Jiyin," and authored the "Compendium of Jiyang," as well as the "Compendium of Jiyang," which was a book of the Ming Dynasty.

Wu Yuxiang: a native of Hebei, founder of Wu-style Taijiquan in the Qing Dynasty. He was the founder of Wushu Taijiquan in the Qing Dynasty. He was a member of many schools of Taijiquan and formed his own style, which he called "Wushu Xiaojia".

Samurai Min: a general of the Republic of China who fought against the Japanese. Word Mianzhi (1892-1941), Huai'an (today's Hebei Province, Huai'an) people. 1937 as the 169th Division Commander, two years later was promoted to the 98th Army General, and the Eighth Route Army sincere unity, side by side, *** with the anti-Japanese. 1941 September, the Samurai Min led the Department of the battle with the Japanese army died in 49 years. After the martyrdom of Samurai Min, the nation grieved, many parts of the country have held a memorial meeting for it, "Xinhua Daily" North China published reports, editorials and commemorative articles. 1984 November 29, the Shanxi Provincial People's Government in Changzhi City, Taihangshan Martyrs' Mausoleum, General Samurai Min held a funeral ceremony for the relocation of the remains of the Le, and in front of the tomb to set up a monument in memory of the martyrs.

Clan Characteristics

1, the Wu family name since ancient times, Zetian Emperor number one. It broke the tradition of women's absence from politics in the past dynasties and set a shining example for women's involvement in politics in the future generations.

2, the Wu family name more officials and eunuchs, and the Tang Dynasty is the most.

3, the Wu family name for generations to the north of the main residence. 3, the Wu family name character line generation rigorous, meaningful. Such as Wu Yi Min repair "Wu family tree" within the Zhejiang Wu family name a word line: "good virtue Qingmei, honesty Soku."

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Wu Ancestral Hall General Couplet

〖Wu Ancestral Hall General Couplet〗

Pingzhang Zhuozhi;

Mending the queer. High winds.

--Anonymous WU Ancestral Hall General Couplet

The above couplet refers to WU Yuanheng, a minister of the Tang Dynasty, who was a native of Taiyuan and a scholar. The Emperor Dezong held him in high regard, and appointed him as the Minister of the Imperial History, and said to his ministers, "Wu Yuanheng is a true prime minister." At that time,, because of Sichuan is not very stable, he served as the Jiannan Xichuan Festival Minister, for the political integrity, frugal life, try to comfort minority groups, outstanding political achievements. Later, he entered the imperial court as a minister of the Central Committee, and strongly advocated the pacification of Wu Yuanji's rebellion. The next couplet refers to Wu Yuanheng's cousin Wu Ruheng, word Tingshuo, Emperor Xianzong's official to the Ministry of Revenue, and know the system grant. He was a straight and upright man, but he was also an official of the government to fill in the queues (an official who advised the emperor and recommended people), and when he was going to be used for great purposes, he could not be reappointed because he was too clear about what was wrong and what was evil.

Xiang Kaikuo;

Qing Yan Qiwen.

--Anonymous Wusi Ancestral Hall of the Wu Surname

This couplet refers to one of the origins of the Wu Surname. King Ping of the Zhou Dynasty had a son, who was born with the Chinese character "武" (wu) in seal script in the middle of his palm, and King Ping of the Zhou Dynasty gave him the surname of Wu, and he later served as a great physician.

Songshan Mountain, high and hidden;

Lianhu Lake, famous.

--Anonymous Composer of General Ancestral Halls of the Wu Surname

The above couplet alludes to Wu Youxu, a native of Wenshui in the Tang Dynasty, who was the nephew of Wu Zetian, and was quiet and modest in his desires, and did not seek to advance in his career. When Wu Zetian ruled, he requested to abandon the official return to the Songshan Mountain, traveling between the rocky ravine, Wu Zetian rewarded him with clothes and utensils, are not used idly. After buying a field to plow, and the people - the same. He was the only one who was able to avoid the disaster that befell the Wu family. The next couplet alludes to the Song Dynasty Gao'an man Wu Yun Chuan, the character De Yu, the self-proclaimed Lianhu Jushi. He deliberately and painstakingly recited poems, and every time he wrote a poem, it was often popular, and he wrote the Lianhu Collection.

Songshan Gao Yin;

Lianhu famous.

-Anonymous writer of the General Ancestral Hall of the Wu Surname

The first couplet alludes to the Tang Dynasty, when Wu Youxu said that he abandoned his official post and hid himself in the sun of Songshan Mountain. The next couplet alludes to the Song dynasty's Wu Yun-chuan, who called himself "Lianhu Jushi" and authored "Lianhu Poetry Collection".

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〖Wu Ancestral Hall Five-character Couplet〗

Songyin family style is far away;

Taiyuan Shize long.

--Anonymous WU Ancestral Hall General Couplet

This is a general couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname WU, which is called "Taiyuan Hall". The first couplet alludes to the Tang Dynasty, when Wu Youxu gave up his official duties and hid himself in the sun of Songshan Mountain. The next couplet alludes to the fact that the famous clan of the Wu surname resided in Taiyuan County.

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〖Wu Ancestral Hall Six-character Couplet〗

Wu Ban still left his tomb;

The Empress was even called Zetian.

--Anonymous Wusi Ancestral Hall General Couplet

The first couplet alludes to the tomb of Wuban, the founder of the Wusi clan, who was engaged in the Han Dynasty, and the Wuban Stele, which records the origins of the Wusi clan and the founder of the Wusi clan, Wuding (see the header of the above title, "Source and Flow of the Surname, 3-1", and the introduction to "The First Ancestors of the Surname"), and which was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. The next couplet alludes to Wu Zetian as Empress of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty.

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〖Wu Ancestral Hall of the Family Name in Seven-character Couplet〗

The bitter chanting of the collection of the training lake;

Sincerity is full of Songling Xia.

--Anonymous WU Ancestral Ancestral Hall General Couplet

The above couplet refers to the poet WU Yun-chuan of the Song Dynasty, whose character De-yu (德由), and who called himself Lianhu Jushi (练湖居士), was a native of Gao'an. The two tributes to the township, deliberately bitter, every link out, always popular, there is "practice lake set". The next couplet refers to the Tang Dynasty hermit Wu Youxu, Wu Hou's brother son, quiet and low desire, Wu Hou upholding the government, Youxu seeks to go to the official hidden in the sun of Songshan, and the people are not different.

Six palaces, no color;

The crown is not tasseled.

--Anonymous Composition of General Couplets of Ancestral Halls of the Surname Wu

This couplet is a couplet of the Temple of Wu Zetian in Nanxu Village, Wenshui County, Shanxi Province, China. Wu Zetian Temple is located in the north of Nanxu Village, five kilometers north of Wenshui County, Shanxi Province. It is near Luliang Mountain in the west and Wenyu River in the east, which is a famous place with green mountains and beautiful water. On the central axis from north to south, there are the main hall, music building, statue, mountain gate; the two wings of the building have side halls, supporting halls, monument galleries, fish ponds, echoing pavilions and other more than thirty halls, covering an area of about 26,000 square meters. The courtyard is shaded by willows and covered with flowers and plants, which is famous for the specific identity of Wu Zetian and has become a national key cultural relics protection unit. The temple was built before the 7th year of Tianbao of the Tang Dynasty (747), and was renamed "Jellyfish Temple" in the early years of the Qing Dynasty. Why was the name changed? There are two reasons: First, after the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing rulers of Wu Zetian abuse the most, so the official temple to change her to show that the depreciation and elimination; Second, Wu Zetian and water-related. South Xu village southeast of a small river called the water, from the Wu's well from the flow, watering hundreds of hectares of farmland over the centuries, benefiting a party. Therefore, people call this well spring Shen Fuquan, that is Zetian mother of blessed water given to the hometown, so change the Wu Zetian Temple for jellyfish temple, or "Zetian Jellyfish Temple". It was only in the first year of Xuantong that the name "Empress Zetian Temple" was restored. Legend has it that Zetian Temple was originally planned to be built in the southeast of Nanxu Village at the head of the water source, just as people were making good foundations to set up the beams, a night gale blew all the wooden frames to the northwest of the village. The village people see this scene of panic, the county looked also puzzled. When they were puzzled, an old man came and said, "The God Emperor is facing the sky, and the temple should be built to occupy the dry." The people present such as a dream, so decided to fast for three days, on-site construction of the temple, that is, the current site of the temple of Zetian. It is located in the northwest of Nanxu Village, just Qian position.

Covering the leaf light contains jade;

Partitioned stone shadow with hibiscus.

--Tang Dynasty poet Wu Sansi's poem "Zaohe Shengzhi's Summer Tour to Shiqong Mountain" is a couplet of verses of Wu Ancestral Hall

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[General Couplet of Ancestral Halls of the Family Name Wu]

The government is enlightened in Kaiyuan, the rule is magnificent in Zhenguan;

Fangliang is flowing in Jiange, and the light is being used in Lizhou.

-- Guo Moruo writes a general couplet of Wu Ancestral Hall

This couplet is for Huangze Temple in Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province. The temple is dedicated to the famous empress Wu Zetian (Huangze Temple introduction see the following "standing on the ground top of the sky ......" joint explanation). In the first line, "Zhen Guan" is the year number of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and "Kai Yuan" is the year number of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. These two periods were times of economic prosperity and development in the Tang Dynasty. Wu Zetian's reign basically continued the "Rule of Zhenguan", and laid the foundation for the later "Kaiyuan Sheng Shi". Therefore, the first couplet says "the rule of Zhenguan" and "the government of Kaiyuan". The name of "Jiange" in the next couplet is often found in historical records and has become a symbol of Shu. "Lizhou", the jurisdiction of the present Guangyuan. The next couplet says that the beauty of the Queen's name was spread in Shu, which was the pride of Shu, and Li Zhou was even covered by its glory. The couplet recognizes Wu Zetian's extraordinary talent and political achievements from a historical materialist point of view.

The filial son ran a school of righteousness, the imperial Wu Zetian;

The woman manipulated the emperor's career, the famous empress.

--Anonymous Composition of General Couplets of Ancestral Halls of the Wu Surname

The above couplet alludes to Wu Xun, a celebrity in the Qing Dynasty, who was a native of Tangyi in Shandong Province. Seventh in line, his mother is filial, also known as Wu Qi, "training" is the Qing dynasty rewarded him for organizing the school of righteousness given name. He raised funds for education all his life, and the Qing court awarded him the title of "Yi Xue Zheng", a reward for wearing a yellow lab coat, but he did not accept it, and he died in 1896 in Linqing Yi Xue. Tao Xingzhi also praised his school spirit. The next couplet refers to China's first female emperor Wu Zetian. Tang Dynasty Shanxi Wenshui people. When Emperor Taizong entered the palace as a talented woman, Emperor Gaozong for the Empress. Later, she changed the name of her country to "Great Zhou" and became the emperor. He had the power to strategize and make good use of people, and he was a famous prime minister. He lived to be 81 years old, and was one of the longevity stars in the Wu family.

Landing in the sky, the women's success in manipulating the Tang Dynasty;

By the mountains and the water, Lizhou Liuzi Wujiazhuang.

--Anonymous Composition of General Couplet of Ancestral Halls of the Wu Surname

This couplet is a couplet of Huangze Temple in Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province. The full couplet refers to Wu Zetian, born in Guangyuan, the descendants in order to commemorate her, the Qing Dynasty to repair Huangze Temple, take the meaning of "imperial grace and vast ze". Huangze Temple is located in the western suburbs of Guangyuan City, Jialing River, backed by the Wulong Mountain, formerly known as the Wu Nu Temple, also known as the Chuanzhu Temple, is to commemorate the father and son of Li Bing. Later, because Wu Zetian was born in Guangyuan, and became the emperor, the Chuanzhu Temple was renamed Huangze Temple, in April 1961 by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. The present Huangze Temple is a restoration of the Qing Dynasty to take advantage of the mountains, simple and elegant, imposing ancient architecture of the temple. The temple is preserved from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty's rich cliff stone carving statues, these precious relics are now only 6 grotto groups, 50 niches, the size of the Buddha's body 1203, most of the works for the Shengtang period, distributed in the temple, "Zetian Hall niches," "Yinghui building niches ", "Big Buddha Building Grotto", "Center Pillar Grotto", "Five Buddha Pavilion Niche". Zetian Hall in the center of the niche, is the "Queen Wu true face" stone sitting statue, carved in the Tang Dynasty. Next to the niche on the left wall of the late Honorary President of the State Song Qingling in May 1963 inscribed words: "Wu Zetian is the only female emperor in Chinese history, outstanding female politicians in the feudal era." Inside the hall, there is also a stone tablet unearthed in 1955 of Meng Chang, King of Shu in the Five Dynasties, in the twenty-second year of Guangzheng (959), which is called "New Temple of Empress Wu Zetian of Tang Zetian in the Huangze Temple of the Dashu Lizhou Dudu Office", and there are also inscriptions of "Zetian Dam Baishali" in the shade of the tablet.

Migration history

The earliest birthplace of the Wu family name should be in present-day Henan Province, and then continued to multiply in this area, and rapidly migrated to neighboring provinces such as Shandong and Jiangsu. By the time of the Han Dynasty, Shandong Wu has been a thousand prosperous, prominent family. The Wu family name from this place, later multiplied to the present Henan, Anhui, Shanxi and other places. Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties period, because of the war in the north, the Wu family also with the Central Plains of the soil together with a large southward migration, became a large family in Jiangsu province, so the Wu family has "Pei Guo" county, and another Wu moved into the territory of present-day Shanxi province. Tang Dynasty, the Wu family because of a Wu Zetian, making the Wu family reproduction reached an extremely prosperous period, the Wu family is also started in the Tang Dynasty in the north of all over again to be able to reproduce and migrate, the family faction continues to expand, in the present day Taiyuan area of Shanxi Province to develop into a large family, so the Wu family has to "Taiyuan" for its county prestige. At the same time, the Wu surname in the south of China has also been further developed, and then spread throughout the country.

Song in the Spring and Autumn period is the source of the Wu family name, so its early activities should be in the present-day Henan Shangqiu area, and then with the passage of time, the increase in the population of the Wu family name, the development of social production, changes in the political situation, the activities of the area is also constantly expanding, about to the period of the Warring States period, the Wu family name of the people in the Central Plains of the more extensive activities. According to documentary records, from the end of the Qin Dynasty to the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the Wu surname was largely distributed in the following areas: Xu Tai (northeast of Xuyi County, present-day Jiangsu Province), Chen County (Huaiyang County, present-day Henan Province), Pei County (present-day Pei County, Jiangsu Province), Liang Zou (northeast of Zouping County, present-day Shandong Province), Chang'an (northwest of present-day Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), and the area around the eastern part of present-day Henan Province. During this period of social unrest and frequent wars, in order to fight for the world, great men and women competed for the throne, and some people with the surname Wu also showed their skills in the political arena, contributing to the overthrow of the brutal rule of the Qin Dynasty. At the same time, this period is also a period of more frequent population migration, the Wu people from the Central Plains gradually migrated around, mainly in some areas of the northern part of China.

The Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the activities of the people of the Wu surname further expanded, the performance of the south of the Jianghuai also distributed a lot of people of the Wu surname, and a noteworthy phenomenon, that is, the southern regime in the people of the Wu surname is far more than the northern regime. This is a reflection of the real situation that since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the population in the north had been migrating, especially the nobles and scholars who moved south in large numbers. In addition to Wu Zhou, Wu Xin, Wu Shao, Wu Mao and other members of the same family, there were also Wu Tong, the son-in-law of Xun Castor, the son-in-law of Xun Castor, Wuling Nei Shi Wu Zha, Qingzhou Assassin Wu Shen and other people with the surname of Wu in the court of the Western Jin Dynasty. Most of the descendants of these people later migrated to the south.

The social unrest and frequent wars in the north, and the relative stability of the south, led to a large number of people migrating to the south, including many people with the Wu surname. For example, during the Later Jin Dynasty, Wu Yao, the leader of the peasant revolt in Huaibei, rebelled against the brutal rule of the Later Jin Dynasty and contacted the Southern Tang Dynasty, leading a crowd of people who wanted to migrate south across the Huaihuai River. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a large number of people from the north moved south, bringing advanced production technology and production tools, which played an important role in the development of the southern socio-economic. During this period, there were still people from the Taiyuan Wu Clan who appeared in the political arena, such as Wu Congjian, who served as a general of Yuzhou during the Later Tang Dynasty, and as an assassin of Puzhou during the Later Jin Dynasty, and who married Zhang's daughter for his son in Yuzhou at the end of the Tang Dynasty and sent her back to her family home in Taiyuan to get married. After his son's death, Guo Wei (郭威), the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, was serving under Liu Zhiyuan (劉知遠), the governor of Taiyuan (太原节度使), and took Zhang as his step-mother. When Guo Wei became emperor, Zhang had already died and was posthumously named Noble Consort. Wuhan Qiu (武汉球), a native of Zezhou (present-day Jincheng, Shanxi Province), served as a soldier under the late Tang dynasty's Zelu provincial governor Li Si Zhao, and then as a military colonel for the forbidden army during the Later Tang dynasty, gradually rising to a high position. It is likely that this person was a member of this family. Wu Xingde, a native of Yuji, Taiyuan (present-day Yuji, Shanxi Province), not far from Wenshui, may also be from this family. In this period there are also civilians surnamed Wu also seen in the records, such as the later Han, Wei State Neihuang (now Henan Province, Neihuang West), the people of Wu Jin's wife had three children in one fetus; Xuzhou marching Secretary Han Lun brutal and mean, heavy tax exploitation of the people, by the Xiangcheng (now Shenqiu, Henan Province, the people of the Wudu denunciation, the Zhou Shizong issued an edict to remove all the official title.

Chinese People's Liberation Army Wu contemporary general biography

Wu Changyou Lieutenant General

Wu Changyou (1926 ---), Qinghe County, Hebei Province, a native of. 1944 to participate in the Eighth Route Army in 1944 to join the Chinese ****anufacturing party in 1944.

During the Liberation War, he served as a company commander of the Central Plains Field Army. He took part in the battles of Handan, marching to Dabie Mountain and Huaihai.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as a battalion commander of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.

In 1951, he took part in the war against the U.S.A. and North Korea, and served as the chief of staff and deputy head of the regiment of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army. After returning to China, he graduated from the Department of Command of the Synthetic Army of the Military Academy in 1960. In April 1990, he retired from the Air Force as the 10th Chief of Staff of the Chinese People's Volunteer Party and the 10th Chief of Staff of the Chinese People's Volunteer Party. He is a delegate to the 11th National Congress of the China **** Producers Party and a member of the Central Discipline Inspection Committee of the China ****.

In September 1988, he was awarded the rank of Lieutenant General of the Air Force.

Wuding in his prime

Wuding, King of Shang, was a politically talented monarch of the Shang Dynasty, with great eloquence and ambitious political ideals. He learned from Ganpan when he was young and gained much knowledge. His experience of living among the people made him well aware of the suffering of the people. In order to revitalize Yin Dao, he promoted a talented person, Fu Shang, and appointed him as a minister, so that he could take over the government of the world and rule the people of the world. Wuding cultivated his government, practiced virtue, and tried his best to govern, and with the help of Fu Shang, his ideal was realized. He also conquered the foreign states that invaded the Shang Kingdom, such as Qiang Fang, Tu Fang, Fang, Ren Fang, Ghost Fang, Tiger Fang, Jing Chu, etc. Among them, Qiang Fang had been the most important state in the world. Among them, the Qiang Fang, which was always the target of conquest, had at most sent out 13,000 troops at one time. These wars enabled the people of the Kingdom of Yin and Shang to gain a more stable living space, and also restored the relationship between Yin and Shang and foreign states to a state of normal development. In short, King Wuding of Shang, with the assistance of his prime minister Fu Shu, ruled greatly internally and conquered externally. Through decades of civil and military achievements, the result was a prosperous Yin and Shang state with great governance, economic development, a peaceful life for the people, and the obedience of the lords of the four directions.

The first female emperor in Chinese history--Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian was 14 years old in the 11th year of Zhen Guan (637). Due to her beautiful appearance, she was summoned to the palace and Taizong named her a talent. Talent is one of the ranks of concubines in the Tang Dynasty, the fifth grade. Seeing her naivety and charming charm, Emperor Taizong gave her the name "Wu Mei". When Wu Zetian was summoned to the palace, her mother, Yang, was devastated, but Wu Zetian said, "It is not a blessing to see the Son of Heaven, so why should I cry like a child?" At a young age, she showed an extraordinary temperament of confidence and boldness. But concubines in the palace, Tang Taizong is a wise master, not greedy for women, so Wu Zetian into the palace, it is inevitable to suffer the pain of the palace cold. She once wrote a poem "Ruyi Niang", which was widely circulated at that time, among which there is "see Zhu Cheng Bi thought one after another, emaciated and detached for remembering the king. I don't believe that she often wept, but I opened the box and took the pomegranate skirt" and so on. From these verses, it can be seen that the young Wu Zetian did have very deep feelings of grief. After the death of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian and the concubines who did not have children were all sent to the temple in Chang'an as nuns, and a few years later she was accessed by Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty to the palace, and from then on, her life opened a new page.

Wu Zetian and Tang Emperor Gaozong had already been in secret dealings even before Emperor Taizong's death. According to historical records, Li Zhi was established as the crown prince, often visit his father in the palace, see Wu Zetian young and beautiful, very much like, and Wu Zetian is not willing to loneliness of the deep palace, so the idea of entrusting themselves to the crown prince 4 years younger than themselves. For this warm relationship between them, Tang Emperor did not hide, he later installed Wu Zetian as empress of the imperial edict, revealed very clearly, and said that their relationship has been maintained for 8 years. After Wu Zetian entered the Temple of Feeling, Emperor Gaozong found an excuse to visit her, and upon meeting her, "Wu wept, and so did the Emperor". This incident was known to the Emperor's Empress Wang, she did not get angry, but encouraged the Emperor to take Wu Zetian back to the palace. Queen Wang is so "generous", because she was competing with Xiao Shufei favor, want to borrow Wu Zetian to share the favor of Xiao, the two united **** with against Xiao Shufei. About the Yong Hui two years (651 years), already 28 years old Wu Zetian second palace. From then on, she showed off her skills and continued to climb to the highest peaks of power.

Wu Zetian was named Zhaoyi (昭儀), the second rank of concubine in the Tang Dynasty. Soon after Wu Zetian entered the palace, Empress Wang and Consort Xiao Shufei fell out of favor. But she must not have been the Empress yet, in order to compete for the title of Empress, she brutally strangled her newborn daughter and framed Empress Wang for the crime, prompting Emperor Gaozong to make up his mind to abolish Empress Wang and install Wu Zetian as Empress instead. But the abolition of the queen is never a simple matter, Wu Zetian to ascend to the throne of the queen there is no small resistance, mainly in the dynasty to the prime minister Changsun Wuji, Chu Suiliang as the head of the old ministers resolutely opposed. On this issue, Wu Zetian fully demonstrated her political talent. On the one hand, she struck at the power of Queen Wang's family and banished them one by one, and on the other hand, she drew together a group of courtiers, such as Li Yifu, Xu Jingzong, and Cui Yixuan, to build up public opinion for her to be the queen and to fight against them. In addition, she did not give up the fight for these senior ministers, the most resolute opposition to the Changsun Wuji to take the title, rewards and gifts, and the emperor together with the door to visit and other methods, to fight for its support. Changsun Wuji was the uncle of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, a minister of the Guanwei Minister, and a prime minister for decades, with a high position of power, and his attitude towards this matter was the key to Wu Zetian's success as the Empress. But Wu Zetian failed in all these endeavors, and she asked her mother Yang to intervene, and went to Changsun's house to pray repeatedly, to no avail. It was only after several struggles, with the support of another senior minister, Li Jie, that Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty resolved to abolish Empress Wang, and formally installed Wu Zetian as Empress on the first day of November in the sixth year of the Yong Hui reign (655). Due to the presence of this group of senior ministers in the dynasty who opposed her, even though Wu Zetian had become the Empress, it was difficult to control the government and to have control over the government. However, there was still a great deal of resistance to controlling the dynasty and grasping power, so these obstacles had to be cleared away. Prior to this, Chu Suiliang had already been banished, followed by the banishment of two other prime ministers, Han Yuan and Lai Ji, and an elaborate conspiracy to falsely accuse Changsun Wuji of plotting a rebellion, forcing Emperor Gaozong to exile Changsun Wuji to Qianzhou (present-day Pengshui, Sichuan Province). None of the Changsun family members were spared, and soon Changsun Wuji was forced to hang himself. At the same time, Wu Zetian put a number of their own supporters promoted to prime minister and important positions, forming a situation where she and Emperor Gaozong of Tang *** with the reign, the palace called "two saints". Later, Emperor Gaozong suffered from vertigo, the government then more by Wu Zetian in charge, at one time he even wanted to let Wu Zetian regulate the state, only because some people discourage before giving up. When Emperor Gaozong died, he ordered the crown prince Li Xian to succeed the throne of the country when it is difficult to decide on important matters, he could ask the Queen of Heaven (i.e. Wu Zetian) to decide. In 683 AD, Tang Emperor Li Zhi died, the following February, less than two months when the emperor of the Tang Emperor was deposed by his mother Wu Zetian, the reason is that the Emperor wanted his father-in-law Wei Xuanzhen to be the prime minister, and to give the son of the mother's son of the fifth rank. Zhongzong was demoted to the position of King of Luling and sent to the remote Fangzhou (present-day Fang County, Hubei Province) to be resettled. Wu Zetian then installed her youngest son, Li Dan, as Emperor Ruizong of Tang, but the emperor was never even given a day's power before he was secluded by his own mother in a separate hall and became a high-ranking prisoner. Wu Zetian finally claimed control of the dynasty.

Her move caused a great shock in the dynasty and the countryside, especially the Tang royal family, all of whom were indignant. The first to make trouble is to support Wu Zetian as queen of Li Ji (the original surname Xu) grandson Xu Jingye, he united a group of disillusioned officials, occupied Yangzhou (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province), as a base for recruiting, expanding the military, in order to restore the king of Luling as a call, more than 10 days to gather more than 100,000 people. Wu Zetian naturally do not dare to slow down, mobilized 300,000 troops to suppress, after a fierce battle, finally put down this rebellion. Then the kings of the Tang royal family once again conspired to rise up against Wu, Wu Zetian used the strong power of the central authority to suppress their actions again, and massacred the Tang royal family, killed and banished countless people. Ministers who were not of one mind with her were purged, such as prime ministers Pei Yan, Liu Jingxian and Guo Toju, and military generals Cheng Muting and Wang Fangyi, etc. After these thrilling struggles, the obstacles to the change of dynasty were basically cleared.

Sweeping away the obstacles is only one of the things that must be done in order to plan to become the emperor, the other thing is to create public opinion, to create the social atmosphere of the emperor, so that the people can psychologically accept the reality of women as the emperor. In these aspects she put a lot of effort, and the offering of treasure map, and on the title, and the use of Buddhism to create public opinion, but also organized a large-scale petition campaign. Also changed the Wu's ancestral temple into seven temples, which is the specifications only for the House of the Son of Heaven. After this series of activities, finally on the ninth day of the ninth month of the first year of Tianjiu, that is, October 16, 690 AD, 67-year-old Wu Zetian formally ascended the throne as emperor in present-day Luoyang, and changed the country's name to Zhou.

Wu Zetian, who became emperor, took many measures to consolidate his rule, such as continuing to enforce