Historical Figures Stone Sculpture

1. Ancient Chinese sculpture

Ancient Chinese sculpture is the essence of ancient Chinese art, ancient Chinese sculpture in the content of the subject matter, the form and style, sculpture techniques, as well as the materials used have a distinctive and strong national characteristics, characteristics of the times.

Such as the Qin and Han sculpture of the rough, majestic, Wei and Jin sculpture of the robust and dashing, the Tang and Song rich, beautiful and so on. Ancient Chinese sculpture is also full of the characteristics of writing and evocation, seriously pursued, few works like ancient Greek works in line with the reality of the real standard.

It is not accustomed to play with the surface of the sculpture and the details, preferring the kind of external image led by the feeling, mood, triggering a series of reverie space, leading people to a world of art. Ancient sculpture subjects are mainly mausoleum sculpture, religious sculpture and labor life and folklore sculpture.

Art categories are round, relief, monumental sculpture, desk sculpture, architectural and decorative sculpture, etc., carving materials are also rich and colorful, in addition to bronze, stone, brick, clay, ceramic and other materials, as well as jade carving, tooth carving, wood carving, bamboo carving and so on. China's primitive sculpture is mainly based on human and various animal images of ceramic molding, most of the figures are attached to the decorative objects on the utility objects, randomness is very strong, the image of coarse, simple, childish.

The sculpture of the Shang and Zhou periods was mainly cast in bronze, and the patterns on the bronzes, mainly animal and geometric patterns. The bronze ritual vessels of the Shang Dynasty were oddly shaped, full of majestic and mysterious, sublime and bizarre beauty.

And from this period of archaeological excavations in a large number of sculptures unearthed, the only thing that does not see a statue of God, which is a unique phenomenon in the history of sculpture in the world.

To the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period is to become luxuriant, gorgeous. In addition to ritual objects in the Shang and Zhou periods, there are a number of utensils brackets, bases and other practical bronze and stone, bone, jade carvings, or figures, or animals, are skillfully modeled and finely crafted.

The Qin and Han period of sculpture unprecedented prosperity, the most typical is the Terracotta Warriors sculpture group of the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang. In contrast to the mysterious and strange style of bronzes, the terracotta warriors are full of sublime masculine beauty.

These tens of thousands of terracotta warriors and horses show the affirmation of human power. The figures and horses are all the same size as the real thing, without exaggeration.

With the huge size, large number and real image, it produces a shocking artistic charm. Western Han general Huo Zaiwei tomb in front of the large animal carvings, the technique is concise and generalized, in the thick show the beauty of the strong force.

Among them, "Horse Treading on Xiong Nu" once again experience the Chinese sculpture art of writing the characteristics of the God. Although the horse is rough and clumsy, but it still has a kind of dynamic momentum, the shallow carving of a few strokes is the horse's legs, it is connected with the upper body of the horse into one, redundant without carving empty stone material does not exist, there is a complete image of the horse.

The Han Dynasty style of burials make the sculpture of animal figurines and figurines of numerous works of sculpture, the shape of the ancient, exaggerated and emphasize the momentum. Han Dynasty secular life became the material for sculpture, pounding rice, picking taro, brewing, and dance music and theater scenes in the Han Dynasty brick image in the form of a large number of bas-reliefs, banquets, driving, practice shooting and other life of the soil doctor has also been expressed.

Among all the religions in the world, Buddhism is the most artistic. With the prevalence of Buddhism, Buddha sculpture became the mainstream of sculpture during the Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties, and the four famous grottoes of Yungang, Dunhuang, Longmen, and Maijishan were all excavated in this era.

In general, the Northern Wei Dynasty statues in the form of style by the Indian or Western-style influence, solemn, simple, in the quiet show the Buddha's greatness. North and South Dynasty Buddhist sculpture fusion of Han intellectuals aesthetic fashion, the formation of a commendation of the clothing Bo belt show bone clear image of the new style.

The Sui and Tang dynasties is the heyday of ancient Chinese sculpture, its achievements are first manifested in the grotto sculpture, such as the Longmen Grottoes Fengxian Temple stone carving statues. Its carving method is smooth and skillful, creating a completely nationalized modeling style, not only reflects the Tang Empire's broad, strong and powerful spirit of the times, but also shows the rich imagination of the Tang people and superb carving skills.

If at the beginning of the introduction of Buddhism to China, the statue is still imitating India, then by the time of the Tang Dynasty, Longmen Fengxian Temple, "Rushena statue of the Great Buddha", the Chinese sculptor's skills have been rounded, and the essence of the art of sculpture of the Buddha statue has a deep understanding. The Rushena Buddha statue was already a Chineseized Buddha statue.

The Six Steeds of Zhaoling is a relief sculpture in front of the tomb of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, in the same lineage as the Terracotta Warriors. The Six Steeds of Zhaoling embodies the realistic approach to sculpture in ancient China, with no inaccurate exaggerations, and no fictionalization of bizarre shapes; these carvings also show an affirmation of the power of nature and human beings. In addition, the most representative of the Tang Dynasty sculpture level of art and those real vivid three-color figurines and Dazu Grottoes in Sichuan.

Dazu Grottoes in a variety of stories in the ordinary characters more living, realistic, many works can also be regarded as a portrait of ordinary people. The increase of secular subjects and the development of realistic style is the main feature of the sculpture art in Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties. The colorful sculptures of Jin Temple in Shanxi, Lingyan Temple in Changqing, Shandong, and Baosheng Temple in Jiangsu Zhi, all vividly and vividly represent the world's moods and have a strong realism.

Liao Dynasty Datong under the Huayan Temple of the Bodhisattva statues beautiful, subtle, beautiful clothing, much of the Tang Plastic Heritage. In addition, small clay sculptures have reached a high level of realism.

Ancient Chinese sculpture has certain limitations, the Chinese royal family's view of the emperor and the concept of art, compared with the West, also for the purpose of showing power, singing the praises of the Chinese royal family shunned the direct molding of their own and the use of dragons and phoenixes, lions, unicorns and other beasts, as well as servants, armies, warriors to play off their own greatness and holiness. Similarly, in Buddhist carvings, the ancient sculptors were most able to utilize their talent for realistic depictions of only the luohan, bodhisattvas, and guanyin, and the one with the most limited freedom of creation was the Lord Buddha.

Classical sculpture may easily be regarded as too old, too traditional, but the author believes that respect for tradition means recognizing the continuity of the history of art, the art of sculpture needs to be constantly innovated and explored, but any innovation is not whimsical novelty, innovation also means inheritance of tradition. Today's traditional art is being challenged more and more strongly by Western modernism, the new trend of thought to destroy all the old traditions, but today's artists have to go back to the ruins of the destroyed to find the remaining traditional culture? The new trend is to destroy all the old traditions, but why do artists today return to the ruins to find the remnants of traditional culture?

Let us step on the dust of history, and recall the charm of classical Chinese sculpture.

2. Ancient celebrities sculpture Fan surnamed who

Fan Li (536-448 BC), the word Shaobo, also known as Fan Bo, Di Yi Zi Pi, Tao Zhu Gong. He was a native of Wansanhu, a state of Chu (present-day Nanyang, Henan Province). He was a famous statesman, military man and strategist of Yue in the late Spring and Autumn period. He was well versed in tactics and was very resourceful. He was appointed as a great physician and a general.

Fan Zeng (277 BC-204 BC) was a native of Tongcheng, Anhui Province. He was a prominent official of the late Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 204 BC), and a politician and strategist. He was the main strategist of Xiang Yu, the overlord in the Peasant War at the end of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-206 BC). He was named Marquis of Liyang, and Xiang Yu honored him as "Yafu".

Fan Changsheng (218-318) was known as Yanjiu (延久), also known as Chongjiu (重久), or Wen (一作支), with the character Yuan. He was a native of Fuling Danxing (present-day Qianjiang, Sichuan), and was a famous minister of Dacheng during the Western Jin Dynasty. He was the leader of the Tianshidao (Heavenly Master Tao) and prime minister of the Dacheng regime (Chengdu) during the Western Jin Dynasty, and was titled Taishi of Heaven and Earth . Xishan Marquis.

Fan Ye (398-445), character Wei Zong, a native of Shunyang, Nanyang (present-day Neixiang, Henan), was the son of Fan Tai. He was a famous historian and essayist of the Southern Song Dynasty. He wrote the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", which is a magnificent work of nearly two hundred years of history starting from Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty and ending with Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty.

Fan Jian (ca. 450-515) was a native of Daiyin in Nanxiang (present-day Uyang, Henan Province). He was a famous philosopher, thinker and atheist during the Qi and Liang Dynasties of the Southern Dynasty. He wrote The Theory of the Extermination of God, and was once tempted to change his views by being promoted to an official position, but he refused to "sell his theories to get an official position".

Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), the word Xiwen, Suzhou Wu County (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), after investigation, Fan was born in (Hebei Zhengding), the famous Northern Song Dynasty politicians, writers, thinkers and militarists. He was once a Councillor of Government. After his death, he was awarded the title of Duke of Chu, posthumous name "Wenzheng". Author of "Fan Wenzheng Gong Collection". His son, Fan Chunren, was the prime minister during the reign of Emperor Zhezong, while Fan Chunli was the right minister of Shangshu, and Fan Chunzheng was the straight bachelor of Longtuge.

Fan Qin (1506-1585) word Yaoqing, a word An Qin, the number of Dongming, Zhejiang Yinxian (now Ningbo), Ming Dynasty, a famous bibliophile. In the eleventh year of the Jiajing period (1532), he received a bachelor's degree and became the right minister of the Ministry of War. With Zhang Shicher, Tu Dashan called "East China Sea three Sima". He is the owner of China's oldest existing library, "Tianyi Pavilion".

Fan Wencheng (1597-1666), the word Xiantou, No. Huiyue, Liaoning Shenyang. Famous Qing dynasty founding Zaifu, the leader of the literati, outstanding politicians, strategists. There is "the first Qing dynasty literati" as, once served as the internal secretary of the university, the minister of political affairs, etc., the feudal lords and princelings, posthumous name "Wen Su", the Qing emperor for his pro-"Yuanfu high winds" The Qing Emperor personally presented him with a plaque entitled "Yuanfu Gaofeng". His children and grandchildren Fan Chengmu, Fan Chengxun, Fan Shi deduction and so on more than a dozen people, divided into the Governor, Shangshu, ministers and other important positions, the family officials in high positions for the Chinese history of the rare.

3. Campus sculptures of ancient celebrities are generally which

Celebrity sculptures are generally to commemorate the great figures in history, and the specific existence of, for one thing, in order to promote the spirit of their culture, and secondly, is another continuation of their lives. Celebrity sculpture is generally more common in the campus, or museums, celebrity memorials and other places.

Celebrity sculpture inside the campus, the general material is mostly stone, characters, generally according to the background of the founding of the school, choose some well-known literary soul characters, such as, Lu Xun, Zhang Heng, Wu Yuzhang, Nobel, Yu Chuanjian, Zhang Bolin and so on. Generally, the campus celebrity sculpture for students is far-reaching influence, is their learning and inheritance goals.

Stone celebrity sculpture is currently a popular sculpture material. Because the material is as strong as a skyscraper, the wind and sun durability does not melt, enough in the baptism of the years, standing. Long service life, and, durable. Celebrity sculpture advantages are widely used in various outdoor, square, park, theme places and other large-scale sculpture construction. Celebrity sculpture is a wonderful practice of absorbing the national tradition, is the best way to nourish the creation, in fact, many sculptors have done in the creation of celebrity sculpture. It can be asserted that thousands of years of traditional treasures have been, are and continue to feed the continuous interpretation of celebrity sculpture.

Ancient sculptors were able to utilize the most realistic portrayal of the talent of the feeder, followed by the Lohan, and then the bodhisattva, the most limited freedom of creation is the Lord Buddha. Dazu Grottoes in the story of various changes in the ordinary characters more living, realistic, many works can also be regarded as a portrait of ordinary people as well as celebrity sculpture. Celebrity sculpture is widely used in squares, campuses, cities, towns, temples, companies and enterprises, gardens and parks and other large places.