What are the official history books in ancient China?

Sui Shu, New Tang Book, History of Song Dynasty, History of Yuan Dynasty, History of Ming Dynasty, etc.

1. Sui Shu

has eighty-five volumes, including five volumes of Emperor Ji, fifty volumes of biographies and thirty volumes of annals. "Sui Shu" was compiled by many people, and it was divided into two stages, which lasted for thirty-five years from its inception to its completion.

in the fourth year of Tang Wude (AD 621), Ling Hude put forward a proposal to revise the history of the Five Dynasties, including Liang, Chen, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou and Sui. The following year, the Tang court ordered Mitchell to compile it, but several years later, it was still not written.

In the third year of Zhenguan (AD 629), the history of the Five Dynasties was rebuilt, and Wei Zhi "always knew its affairs" and edited this book. The authors of "Sui Shu" are well-read and have a high level of history revision.

Sui Shu has preserved a large number of laws and regulations since the Southern and Northern Dynasties to study the political, economic and cultural systems of the Sui Dynasty and previous dynasties for future generations, including etiquette, music, calendar, astronomy, five elements, food, criminal law, hundred officials, geography and classics.

It describes the survival and academic evolution of China's books in the 6 years from Han Dynasty to Sui Fan, which is the second summary of China's ancient books and academic history, and also a great contribution to China's academic and cultural history.

Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi also made an important contribution, which laid the foundation for the classification of four books after China. It has been used for future generations for more than a thousand years.

2. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty

The Book of the New Tang Dynasty is a biographical historical book that records the history of the Tang Dynasty, co-written by Song Qi, Ouyang Xiu, Fan Zhen and Lv Xiaqing in the Northern Song Dynasty, and is one of the "Twenty-four History".

The book * * * has 225 volumes, including 1 volumes of biographies, 5 volumes of chronicles, 15 volumes of tables and 15 volumes of biographies. It took 17 years to revise the history of the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, which was completed in the fifth year of Song Renzong Jiayou (AD 16).

The Book of the New Tang Dynasty is the first time to write the Military Records and Election Records, systematically discussing the military system and imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty. This is a great creation of the official history genre history books in China, which was followed by the later History of Song Dynasty.

3. History of the Song Dynasty

The History of the Song Dynasty is one of the twenty-four histories, which is included in the official history category of the History Department of Sikuquanshu. From the end of Yuan Dynasty to the third year of Zhengzheng (1343), it was edited by Prime Minister Tuotuo and Arutu successively, belonging to the works of Hu people.

The History of Song Dynasty, the History of Liao Dynasty and the History of Jin Dynasty were compiled at the same time, which is the largest official history book in the twenty-four histories.

In The History of Song Dynasty, there are 47 volumes of Biography, 162 volumes of Records, 32 volumes of Table, 255 volumes of Biography and 496 volumes of * * *, which is the largest historical book in China's twenty-four history.

The History of the Song Dynasty is voluminous, with biographies of more than 2, people, twice as many as those of the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty. The Biography of Ministers on Wednesday listed Han Tong, Li Jun and Li Zhongjin in the same column, spanning the Five Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty, making up for the shortcomings of the past five dynasties.

annals * * * has fifteen annals (astronomy, five elements, calendar, geography, canals, rituals, music, ceremonies, clothing, elections, official positions, food, soldiers, punishments and arts), accounting for about one third of the whole book, second only to Biography, and its weight is also very large in the twenty-four histories.

The Official Records describes in detail the organization of the bureaucracy at all levels from the central to the local in the Song Dynasty. The Records of Food and Warfare are also well compiled and detailed, which is unique in the twenty-four histories.

There are fourteen volumes of Shihuozhi, which is seven times as much as Shihuozhi in Old Tang Dynasty.

According to the situation of the Song Dynasty, The History of the Song Dynasty includes four volumes of Treacherous Courtiers and three volumes of Treacherous Courtiers, which are biographies of Cai Jing, Huang Qianshan, Qin Gui, Zhang Bangchang and Liu Yu. There are also four volumes of Daoism, which are biographies of Taoist figures such as Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai and Zhu Xi.

4. History of the Yuan Dynasty

The History of the Yuan Dynasty is a biographical chronology that systematically records the rise and fall of the Yuan Dynasty. It was written in the early years of the Ming Dynasty and was edited by Song Lian (131 ~ 1381) and Wang Qi (1321 ~ 1373).

The 21-volume book, including 47 volumes of Chronicle, 58 volumes of Annals, 8 volumes of Table and 97 volumes of Biography, describes the history from the rise of Mongols to the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, and then the Yuan Dynasty fled to the Mongolian Plateau in the north.

The Chronicle of Yuan Shi is the most detailed, with fourteen volumes, accounting for one-third of its length. Followed by "Shun Di Ji", there are as many as ten volumes.

This is because Yuan Shizu and Yuan Shundi have been in office for more than 3 years, and the original historical materials are rich, so they are described in detail. This reflects the spirit of seeking truth from facts in the compilation of the History of Yuan Dynasty, that is, more materials are compiled, and less materials are compiled.

The annals of the History of the Yuan Dynasty gave a detailed account of the laws and regulations system of the Yuan Dynasty and preserved a large number of precious historical materials. Among them, the historical materials of Astronomy, Annals, Geography and Hequ are the most precious.

Tian Wen Zhi absorbed the research results of Guo Shoujing, an outstanding scientist in Yuan Dynasty. Li Zhi was compiled according to Qian Li's calendar discussion and Guo Shoujing's calendar classic. Geographical Records is based on the unified records of Dayuan, and the records of rivers and canals are compiled according to books such as Ji Yuan of Shipping and General Discussion on River Defense.

5. History of the Ming Dynasty

The History of the Ming Dynasty is the last of the twenty-four histories, with 332 volumes, including 24 volumes of biographies, 75 volumes of chronicles, 22 volumes of biographies and 13 volumes of table. It is a biographical chronology, which records the history of more than 2 years from the first year of Hongwu (AD 1368) of Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, to the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Zhu Youjian (AD 1644). ?

In the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1645), the Museum of Ming History was established to compile the history of Ming Dynasty. However, due to the founding of the country, everything was complicated and could not be fully carried out. In the fourth year of Kangxi (AD 1665), the history museum was re-enlightened, and it was stopped because of compiling A Record of the Qing Shizu.

in the 18th year of Kangxi (AD 1679), Xu Yuanwen was the supervisor and began to compile the Ming history. In the fourth year of Qianlong (AD 1739), Zhang Tingyu finalized the manuscript and submitted it for publication. After more than 9 years from the first opening to the final publication, it is the longest official history book.

In the twenty-four histories, The History of Ming Dynasty is praised by historians for its proper compilation, informative materials, steady narration and concise writing, and it is a high-level historical book. This reflects that the editors have reached a high level in the examination and revision of historical materials, the use of historical materials, the mastery of historical events and the mastery of language.

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