What are the high-tech achievements in France?

The development of science and technology in France is generally balanced. The competitive power of high-tech and traditional industries that constitute its comparative advantage mainly includes aerospace, nuclear power, high-speed railway, high-end manufacturing, automobile, medicine, environmental protection, etc. The core of competitiveness lies in its key link technology.

(1) aviation

The technology in the field of French aviation industry is very systematic and comprehensive, mainly composed of complete systems including key components such as large civil passenger planes, transport planes, military fighters and military helicopters, including aircraft engines.

Among them, Airbus in the civil aviation field is a consortium of France, Germany, Britain and Spain, but it is developed on the basis of the former French aircraft company, in which France is dominant. In addition to the design, manufacture and integrated assembly of the whole machine, the complex electronic system and aircraft engine of the key components in the key link technology are all made or integrated in France.

Eurocopter, founded in 1992, is the world's heavy helicopter manufacturer, and currently ranks first in the world with 50% of the world market share.

Dassault Aircraft Manufacturing Company was once famous for producing phantom jets. At present, Dassault is the only manufacturer of small jet commercial passenger aircraft in Europe, occupying half of the world market in this field.

What needs to be mentioned in particular is the aero-engine, which is the core component of the aircraft and will also be the bottleneck restricting the development of large aircraft in China. Snecma, a subsidiary of Safran Group, France, is a professional engine manufacturer, and its products include civil engines, military engines and aviation engines. In the field of civil aircraft engines, Safran Group ranks first in the world, and is the main supplier of Airbus, Boeing and other companies, accounting for about 70% of the engine market of American Airbus and 50% of Boeing.

(2) Aerospace

On the one hand, the development of French space industry is integrated into the European Space Agency, on the other hand, it maintains its own independence. The former focuses on the development, production and launch of launch vehicles and space exploration, while the latter focuses on the development, production and space communication research of satellites.

Ariane rocket technology, which is participated by 14 EU member states and contracted by CNES, is very mature. Ariane -5 high thrust rocket is the most advantageous one in this series. After the failure of the first launch in 2002, 550 million euros was invested in technical research and improvement, which was completely successful. The connection tightness of two solid fuel propellers is improved, the weight of propellers is greatly reduced, and the carrying capacity reaches 10 ton, but the manufacturing cost of propellers is reduced by 10%. In June, 2005, 5438+065438+ 10 and February, 2005, 65438+February, Ariane -5 large thrust rocket was successfully launched twice with one arrow and two satellites, indicating that the launching technology of Ariane rocket with one arrow and multiple satellites was mature.

In the field of satellite development, what needs to be mentioned is its micro-satellite, whose key link technology is high precision, and it is the main partner that China can cooperate with in this field.

(3) Civil nuclear energy

France is in a leading position in the field of civil nuclear power, which not only has the whole process system technology from uranium mining and refining, overall design and construction of nuclear power plants to nuclear waste disposal, but also has strong industrialization capabilities.

The key technology of civil nuclear power plant lies in the design and production of large-scale equipment and the integration of the whole system. The world's first third-generation pressurized water reactor (EPR) power station under construction in Finland has completely broken through the technical barriers. The construction of the first EPR power station in France is also stepping up. The successful implementation of these two plans will greatly enhance France's already strong position in the field of nuclear power.

EPR technology is the development of PWR nuclear power technology, and it is designed according to the standards formulated by French and German safety committees. EPR is an advanced third-generation PWR, which is 10 times safer than other reactors, with low cost 10% and low nuclear waste 15%-30%. Especially if a serious accident occurs, EPR technology can make the radioactive substances discharged into the atmosphere zero.

The electric power of EPR is about 1600 MW. Areas with large power grids are suitable for the construction of such large-capacity units. In addition, areas with high population density and few stations are also suitable for large-capacity units. The technical life of EPR is 60 years, and the technical life of the reactors currently in operation is 40 years. Due to the improvement of equipment, it is not necessary to replace heavy equipment after EPR has been running for 40 years.

EPR has made important progress in sustainable development: the core design is conducive to improving fuel utilization, reducing the use of uranium and reducing the output of plutonium and long-lived waste; Conducive to controlling and reducing plutonium reserves; Because the technical life of EPR will reach 60 years, under the condition of producing the same electricity, the final waste after EPR decommissioning will be reduced.

In addition, France also has strong technical advantages in supporting the development of civil nuclear power plants, mainly including raw material supply and nuclear waste disposal.

(4) High-speed trains

France's wheel-rail high-speed railway is a world leader. After about 20 years' efforts, the first high-speed train in France was put into commercial operation on 198 1.

At present, the fourth-generation high-speed train AGV (Auto Motor à Grande Vitesse) independently developed by Alstom Transport Company of France is more powerful than TGV. The power of front cars on both sides is 68% higher than that of ordinary TGV, and the power of middle cars is 40% higher than that of ordinary TGV. AGV inherits the articulated car body connection method used by TGV, and it is also the only way used by high-speed trains in the world today. Semi-rigid transverse mechanical connection between connecting cars can effectively avoid vicious operation such as derailment and disintegration of trains.

Alstom predicts that the commercial running speed of its high-speed trains will reach 350-360 km/h in the next 5-6 years. This speed will be comparable to the commercial running speed of maglev train (400 km/h).

(5) High-end manufacturing industry

The proportion of French manufacturing industry in the national economy is about 20%, which is higher than that of the United States, Japan, Germany, Canada and other similar competitive countries. The production capacity of the whole manufacturing industry is relatively balanced and the scale is basically stable. In the advantageous fields of manufacturing, there are a set of core technologies, which are basically the results of independent innovation.

In addition to aerospace, automobiles, high-speed rail, machinery and so on. Electronic components are an important part of high-end manufacturing. St Microelectronics, its largest manufacturer, is one of the major leaders in the field of electronic components and integrated circuits in the world, with 3,000 categories of products, supplying about 1500 large international users, including: IBM, Thomson, Motorola, Sony Ericsson, Philips, Siemens, Nokia, Nortel, Jinpu and Alcatel.

In terms of high-end manufacturing, Alstom's power generation equipment in France has the most economical, environmentally friendly and advanced technology. Its products include 900 MW water turbines, various turbine generators and gas turbine generators. Nuclear power turbogenerator ranks first in the world, manufacturing, debugging and selling 600 MW subcritical, supercritical and ultra-supercritical turbogenerator sets and units (air cooling and wet cooling). Arabelle is the largest and most efficient nuclear power turbine in the world, covering 6.5438+0.8 million kilowatts, which can be matched with various nuclear reactors and is an ideal choice for the third generation nuclear power project.

Alstom's clean coal combustion technology and environmental protection system are also one of the leading technologies. Supercritical boilers and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers lead the world. Environmental Protection System (ECS) provides a series of comprehensive air pollution control schemes: desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal equipment and systems for the power market, and environmental protection solutions for aluminum industry, cement, glass manufacturing, steel, non-ferrous metal manufacturing, petrochemical industry, pulp and paper making, garbage incineration power generation and other industrial fields.

(VI) Automobile manufacturing industry

French car manufacturers Peugeot Citroen and Renault are world-renowned car manufacturers. The two major companies mainly increase their research efforts in automobile product types, engines, automobile safety performance and energy conservation and environmental protection. Peugeot Citroen's direct injection engine (HDI) is well-known in the industry, and the matching particulate filter system (FAP) is a useful supplement. At the same time, the group is still studying diesel-electric hybrid vehicles, hoping to put them on the market at 20 10. Renault has increased its investment in automobile design and safety, with an annual investment of 6.5438+million euros to improve the active and passive safety performance of automobiles. At the same time, in the energy field, the fuel cell developed by the company can make cars run under the drive of electronic engines. Renault will further test this in France and bring the product to market as soon as possible.

French auto parts manufacturers, represented by Valeo and Faurecia, are important pillars of the automobile industry in France and even Europe. In the downturn of the whole automobile industry, they actively increased their R&D efforts, constantly adapted to market demand, and constantly expanded their business in third countries, and achieved good sales performance. Valeo Company has the latest research results in automobile constant temperature system, driver assistance system, propulsion system efficiency and electronic and electrical transmission system. In addition, Faurecia is the world's leading auto parts group, which has gained market recognition in many innovative industries such as automobile safety system, comfort system, automobile design and environmental protection.

(vii) Pharmaceutical industry

French pharmaceutical industry occupies an important position in the world. Its representative enterprise is Sanofi-Aventis Group, which merged in 2004. This company is the third largest pharmaceutical company in the world, ranking first in Europe. Its business covers more than 65,438+000 countries around the world. Now it has about 1 1000 scientists and researchers, and there are more than 20 R&D centers on three continents. Sanofi-Aventis Group, relying on its world-class R&D organization, develops innovative treatment schemes and is in a leading position in seven treatment fields: cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, tumor, diabetes, central nervous system, internal medicine and vaccine. Sanofi-Aventis sells world-leading drugs in their respective therapeutic fields, such as thrombosis, cardiovascular diseases, sleep disorders, epilepsy, diabetes and cancer.

(VIII) Environmental protection industry

French environmental protection groups represented by Veolia and Suez are very active in the global and China markets, and have signed a series of important contracts. Among them, Veolia, a French company, is a leading enterprise in the global environmental field, with 270,000 employees. He has made great achievements in water treatment, garbage disposal, energy management and traffic management, and conducted research and development in water system management, raw material saving, sewage recycling, biosolid waste treatment, industrial and urban sewage, alternative energy development and urban traffic optimization. The annual R&D budget of the Group is 654.38+0./kloc-0. 00 billion euros, and there are research centers in Anjou, France, as well as in Northern Europe, Canada, Germany and Australia.

Suez Group ranks first in Europe in terms of energy and industrial services and second in Europe in terms of environmental services. * * * It provides water and sanitation services to 9,654,380+million people in the world and waste disposal services to 64 million people. The group attaches great importance to R&D and has two R&D centers in the energy field, located in Brussels and Lyon. There are three research centers in the field of environment, two of which are in the Paris region, 1 in Richmond, USA.