Color Beauty in Wang Wei's Poems

"Painting in Poetry" —— On the Art of Wang Wei's Landscape Poems

[Keywords:] aesthetic picture, aesthetic color, aesthetic composition, aesthetic image

In the second volume of Shi Dongpo's Inscription and Postscript, in the evaluation of Wang Wei's works in the Tang Dynasty in Shu Mo Lan Tian Yan, he pointed out: "There are pictures in the poems, which are fascinating; Look at this painting, there are poems in it. " Wang Wei is both a poet and a painter. What he has achieved is not only poetry and painting, but also integrating poetry and painting into art through his poems. The organic combination of poetry and painting is the tradition and characteristic of Chinese painting. Wang Wei's poems, such as "flowers in the mountains are silent and birds are singing, willow green people are crossing the water", "I will go to the water to stop my path, and then sit and watch Yun Qi" and "clouds, when I look back, are close behind me, and fog, when I enter it, has gone", are said to be "all painted according to their syntax". His paintings created a kind of ink painting method, and his works were fresh and refined. Elegant style, conveying a poetic realm. [ 1]

The most important category of artistic conception in China's traditional poetics. Taiwan Province's poetry critic explained that the function of image is shown in the visual structure of painting. Goethe said: "Painting puts the image in front of us, while poetry puts the image before imagination?

Generally speaking, descriptive images mainly provide sensory and sensory information of the five senses. [2] Painting is a plastic art that depicts images and reflects life through changes in colors, lines and light and shade. Compared with poetry, it is obviously more direct, concrete and three-dimensional in image. It is in the image created by words that picturesque poetry captures the above characteristics of painting, breaks through the indirect limitation of text image to the maximum extent, and shortens the reader's thinking process from the concept of text to the specific image, thus making the objective image depicted in poetry more concrete, vivid, vivid and touching, and being grasped by readers faster, thus producing a strong aesthetic feeling of painting. [3]

The art of "painting in poetry" in Wang Wei's landscape poems is mainly reflected in the following points:

First, the picture is beautiful:

Wang Wei's poems have a quiet beauty, openness and silence that other poets can't reach. In particular, his description of all kinds of dynamic images of nature in an instant is so pure and quiet, full of Zen, such as "birds singing in the stream" and "people are idle and osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty." When the moon rises, birds are frightened. When the moon rises, it makes a sound in the spring stream. ""Luan Jiasete ""In the autumn rain, shallow pomegranate diarrhea. "The jumping spray splashed on himself, and the egret was startled again." And the famous sentence "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream" in the autumn night in the mountains. , often purify the reader's mind, giving people endless quiet reverie. [4]

Chao Shuo-zhi in Song Dynasty said: "Poetry conveys the meaning of painting, and it is important in the realm of painting." It can be said that the pursuit of tangible picture beauty in poetry is an important reason for poetry to obtain painting beauty. [5]

In Wang Wei's poem "Three Plays for Zhang Wudi", there is such a pleasant poem: "My home is at the foot of Nanshan, and I have left." Birds will not be confused when they enter, but when they see animals, they will meet each other. "and" moss stone is clean, fine grass is soft. " "Birds are singing outside the window, and Tigerheart is kind at the steps. Facts have proved that people in nature can be so blind and free, and a picture of perfect harmony between man and nature is panoramic and touching. [6]

Wang Wei's artistic ability to describe natural scenery has been highlighted in his early poems. For example: "Stay in Zhengzhou" "Never see, one Ma Pingchuan. The father of Tian Tian returned to the grassland, and the children of the village ate grass in the rain. Poems such as "It's cold in the sky and bright in the mountains, and the long river is in a hurry at dusk" in qi zhou's "Three Farewells to Ancestors" are either good at sketching or describing works. In particular, his "Chuangguan Fortress" is full of momentum. " The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen. "Two sentences of scenery are particularly magnificent.

The quatrains in "Wang" are most praised by people in his later poems, and deserve our special attention:

No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard. The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant. -"Chai Lu"

I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song. It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue. -Takeya

The branches of the topmost hibiscus flowers are full of scarlet calyx in the mountains. The mouth of a stream is silent, without a trace. They open and fall. Nei Nei

Poems like "Chai Lu" can give people a very quiet aesthetic feeling when they hear voices in an empty mountain and a ray of setting sun shines on the moss in a deep forest. Bamboo House and Wu Xinyi are also beautifully written. [7]

However, the five-character ancient poem "The Kawada Family" depicts a picture of the sunset, the night arrival, and the family returning home calmly and peacefully.

Looking at the Han River can be described as a masterpiece of Wang's paintings;

Three branches in the south reach Chu territory, and nine branches flow to Jingmen. The river crosses heaven and earth, where the colors of the mountains are yes and no.

Human habitation seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky. These beautiful days in Xiangyang have fascinated my old mountain! .

This exceptionally broad holistic life-life-nature realm of "being able to swim and live" is exactly the ideal of beauty pursued by China's landscape paintings. [8] The first two sentences outline the magnificent scenery of the Hanshui River as the background of the picture, rendering the atmosphere for the whole picture. In three or four words, the vision based on mountains and rivers. The poet's pen and ink is extremely light, but it gives people a sense of grandeur and novelty, and its effect is far better than heavy oil paintings and colorful watercolors. And its "victory" lies in the vivid charm of the picture. No wonder Wang Shizhen said, "This river is beyond heaven and earth, and there are both colors of mountains there. This is the poet's beautiful language, but it has three flavors. " [9] This is the point. The first couplet is about the exchange of water, which is closely related to each other. The opening of this couplet is blank, and the picture is dense and complicated. Then, the poet's pen and ink gathered from the "outside world" and wrote magnificent scenes in front of us, showing us an ink landscape painting with elegant colors, fresh style and beautiful artistic conception. The layout of the picture, dense and alternating, combined with simple control and complex, freehand brushwork in form, light pen and light ink, emotional optimism, gives people a beautiful enjoyment. Yin, a contemporary of Wang Wei, said in "Heroes of Jiangyue": "Uygur poems are elegant and elegant, with innovative ideas and simple thoughts. It's a pearl in spring and a picture on the wall. "This poem can reflect this feature. [ 10]

Wang Wei's poems have made great achievements in art. From the landscape poems mentioned above, we can see that he can not only write magnificent scenery in general, but also describe the dynamics of natural things in detail. It is precisely because of his high artistic ability to observe nature that he can skillfully capture various images suitable for expressing life interest and form a unique artistic conception. Take the title of Autumn Night in a Mountain as an example: [1 1]

The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.

The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.

Here, the cool autumn after the rain in an empty mountain, the bright moon in the pine forest, the sound of clear spring on the stone, the laughter and laughter of the girls who came back from dancing in the bamboo forest, and the dynamic movement of the small fishing boat slowly passing through the lotus flower blend together harmoniously and perfectly, giving people a rich and fresh feeling. It is like a quiet and beautiful lyric music and a fresh and beautiful landscape painting. His poems have both the complete artistic conception of Tao poetry and the description of Xie poetry. Language is also highly fresh and refined, simple and polished. Really gained the "clear" characteristics of Tao poetry. [ 12]

Zhong Nanshan, Wang Wei's masterpiece, is an authentic landscape poem. This poem simply describes the scenery at the foot of Mount Zhongnan, and its language is extraordinary and interesting. The first two sentences, "Its thick height is close to the sky city, from the mountain to the corner of the sea", point out the geographical position of Mount Zhongnan and describe the majestic and lofty weather of Mount Zhongnan, which is quite skillful. Because Zhong Nanshan is close to Chang 'an and Kyoto, and its mountains stretch as far as the sea, it adds more charm to visual association. The sentence "Clouds, when I look back, are right behind me, fog, when I enter them, they are gone" reflects the lofty height of the south through the hazy and changeable form of clouds-when you look forward, white clouds are diffuse, but you can't see them before you approach, and when you look back, white clouds condense behind; I saw a green mountain in the distance, and when I walked in, there was nothing. Only those who have experienced this spectacle have a deeper understanding. The sentence "One peak divides the field and the weather divides the valley" is the crowning touch of the whole poem and a famous sentence since ancient times. The endless valleys are unpredictable and different due to the changes of weather and clouds, some cloudy and some sunny. This sets off the colorful and magnificent scenery at the foot of Mount Zhongnan from the front. With these two sentences, the mountains also add color and the poems add luster. The last two sentences, "I want to stay and call the woodcutter crossing the river", were written from another angle. The scenic spots can't be seen in one day. You need to find a woodcutter in the mountains to stay until tomorrow. The word "out of water" is a vivid description of the misty rain in Zhong Nanshan. Covering up the aftertaste, the whole poem is really like a vivid landscape sketch, without any whimsy and fantasy, but it is true and credible.

Wang Wei's landscape poems are characterized by exquisite images, vivid descriptions, vivid images and far-reaching implications. They have both the artistic conception of Tao Yuanming's poems and the detailed description of Xie Lingyun's poems. There are many famous poems, such as Chai Lu, Zhu Liguan, Frontier Ambassador, Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains and Accumulated Rain in Chuanzhuang. In particular, the words "I will walk until the water stops me, and then sit and watch the clouds rising in Ran Ran" in "My Retreat in Zhongnanshan" can give people unparalleled aesthetic feeling, and are widely read by the ancients as the most interesting sentences. [ 13]