Fuselage structure of fixed-wing aircraft

The fuselage structure of an airplane usually consists of wings, fuselage, tail and landing gear. If an airplane's engine is not in the fuselage, the engine nacelle is also part of the fuselage structure. [The wings are the lift-generating components of an aircraft and have maneuverable surfaces on the trailing edge of the wing, the outboard ones being called ailerons, which are used to control the roll motion of the aircraft, and the inboard ones being flaps, which are used to increase lift during the take-off and landing phases. Fuel tanks are usually mounted on the inside of the wing, and the underside of the wing can be used to mount additional equipment such as sub-tanks and weapons. Some airplanes also have engines and landing gear mounted under the wings.

According to Bernoulli's law, the upper part of the wing is more protruding than the lower part, and this makes the airflow route in the upper part of the wing longer than in the lower part, so the airflow speed in the upper part of the wing is faster than in the lower part, and the air pressure is less, and this difference in air pressure creates enough lift for the airplane to take off after it has sprinted to a certain speed on the runway. Wings come in all shapes and sizes. In the early days of underdeveloped aviation technology, in order to provide greater lift, fixed-wing aircraft are mainly biplanes or even multi-wings, but modern aircraft are generally monoplanes. The core of an airplane's power plant is the aero-engine, whose primary function is to generate tension or thrust to overcome the resistance generated by the relative motion with the air to make the airplane move forward. The secondary function is to provide electricity for the electrical equipment on the airplane, and to provide air source for air-conditioning equipment and other air equipment. In addition to the engine, the power unit of the aircraft also includes a series of systems to ensure the normal operation of the engine, such as the engine fuel system, engine control system and so on.

Modern aircraft power plant is generally a turbine engine (jet engine) and piston engine two. There are four widely used configuration: aviation piston engine plus propeller propulsion; turbojet engine; turboprop engine; turbofan engine. With the development of aviation technology, rocket engines, ram engines, atomic energy aero-engines, pulse burst engines, etc., may also be gradually adopted. Main Entry: Flight Control Devices

Modern aircraft cockpit for the pilot's use of aircraft control devices (flight control system) usually include:

Main control device: the stick or steering wheel and rudder stirrups. On some airplanes with fly-by-wire systems, the stick or wheel has been simplified to a sidestick, also known as a "sidestick," located on the pilot's side.

Auxiliary maneuvers: flap handles, leveling buttons, throttle handles, etc.

With the development of electronics, the form of flight controls has changed radically. In large aircraft, the traditional mechanical control system has been gradually replaced by a more advanced teletype control system, the computer system is fully involved in the flight control system, the pilot's operation is no longer like a direct manipulation of the aircraft movement, but more like to give the aircraft to give movement instructions. Due to the use of some of the teletype manipulation system of the aircraft canceled the original driver's stick or the driver's tray and other devices and changed to the side of the stick manipulation, the cockpit space seems to be more than ever more relaxed, so some pilots call this kind of cockpit for "flight office".