What are the characteristics of ancient education in China?

First, educational thought.

China's educational tradition has a long history and contains profound thoughts. Hundred schools of thought's unique thought in pre-Qin laid the foundation of China's traditional educational thought. After the Han Dynasty, the exclusive position of Confucianism enabled the Confucian educational thought to be carried out and become orthodox, which was the orthodox and core of China's ancient educational thought.

1. Educational purpose

That is, the specifications and standards of the cultivated people. "Human relations in Ming Dynasty" is to deal with interpersonal relationships according to ethics, maintain feudal social order and cultivate ruling talents.

2. Educational content: mainly Confucianism.

Armament education and etiquette education. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period: Confucianism: Six Classics, limited to ethics; Mohist school: production knowledge, application technology. Han dynasty: three cardinal guides and five permanent members. Song Dynasty: Neo-Confucianism. Neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu.

Second, the teaching thought (omitted)

1, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, inspiring and inducing.

China ancient educators believed that each student's personality is different, and each student's temperament is different, so the educational methods should also vary from person to person. Pay special attention to enlightening, educating and developing everyone's intellectual potential. Second, pay equal attention to reviewing old knowledge and learning new ideas.

Step by step, withdraw the contract from Bo.

Mencius believes that teaching is a natural development process. On the one hand, we should strive for self-improvement, on the other hand, we should not be impatient.

3. Learn from each other in teaching.

This is put forward in the Book of Rites: "A teacher must know four mistakes. People's scholars lose more, lose less, lose easily, or lose only without winning. . These four hearts are different. Those who know their hearts and then can save them. "

4. Respect teachers and love students, and teach by example.

Confucius said, "He is upright and acts without orders. His body is not upright, although he disobeys orders. " "Can't be right, like a right person?"

Xunzi said: "There are four poetic methods, but extensive learning is not suitable. If you are strict with the teacher, you can be a teacher; Love and believe that you can become a teacher; If you don't commit a crime, you can be a teacher; In terms of ignorance, you can be a teacher. "

Third, the overall characteristics.

1, the unity of ethics and education: education aims at morality and excludes utilitarianism. The core of attaching importance to humanity and ignoring nature and skills lies in moral ethics, that is, teaching people to be human beings and integrating education with patriarchal ethics.

Pay attention to the overall relationship and ignore individual development;

Emphasize the moralization of knowledge teaching;

Value righteousness over profit, ignoring the use value of education.

Focus on shaping people's harmonious quality. Confucius advocated the unity of knowledge, benevolence and courage.

2. Dialectical unity of teaching process, unity of moral education and knowledge education.

3. Pay attention to introspection and internal demand.

4. Pay more attention to government affairs than nature, integrate politics with religion, take education as politics, and train officials.

5. Pay attention to secularity and despise divinity.

Secular with Confucianism as the main body and religious with Buddhism and Taoism as the main body coexist and complement each other, with secularity as the leading factor and religion as the supplement, thus making ancient China a non-religious country.

6. Comprehensive education: six arts; Confucian classics;

China's Ancient Ethical Thought

I. Basic characteristics

Into philosophy and politics.

Strong consanguinity and patriarchal color

Strong golden mean, simple dialectics

Pay attention to interpersonal relationships in daily and real life.

Second, the basic structure of ethical thought system

1. The principle of human relations: human relations, which generally refers to the relationship between people. Use "ceremony" to maintain ethical order. "Five ethics" is the core of ethics.

2. Humanism: the core is benevolence.

3. Humanity: Humanity

Third, the development process

1, pre-Qin: emergence and establishment;

The philosophical model of Zhouyi: the universal system of harmony between man and nature; the spirit and morality of self-improvement; The thinking mode of yin and yang dichotomy.

Confucius: 1. Politically, he emphasized Zhou Zong and advocated restoring the ritual and music system of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

2. Advocating the learning of propriety and righteousness ideologically.

3, teach all classes, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, review the past and learn new things, and draw inferences from others.

2. Han and Tang Dynasties: Religion and feudalism. Abstract development, unification and feudalism of China's ethical thought.

It includes three stages: Confucianism ethics in Han Dynasty, metaphysics ethics in Wei and Jin Dynasties and Buddhism ethics in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

3. Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: the stage of dialectical synthesis. Neo-Confucianism is Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and Lu Wang's Neo-Confucianism.

Fourth, feudal ethics.

1.

"Three cardinal guides": the concentrated expression of the principle of patriarchal hierarchy. The monarch is a minister, the father is a son, and the husband is a wife.

"Five permanent members": benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith, feudal moral standards.

2. Loyalty, filial piety and chastity

Loyalty to the monarch: the embodiment of the supremacy of kingship and the worship of imperial power

Filial piety: consolidating feudal paternalism

3. Chastity: the moral norms of feudal women.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.

1, kind and filial

This is the most distinctive part of the Chinese nation. "Benevolence" is a symbol of Chinese national morality. Its core is "the benevolent loves others". Basically, it is filial piety. "Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence."

The basic content is the kindness and filial piety of the father, the friendship and respect of the brothers.

Step 2 be humble and polite

"The reason why mortals are human is courtesy." Courtesy is the foundation of governing the country and keeping the country safe. The operation of the ceremony contains the meaning of "modesty"

3. Be honest and know the news

"Honesty" means being sincere to yourself and your own nature. It is both the nature of heaven and the foundation of morality.

4. Loyalty and patriotism

5. Self-denial.

The core of "public" is selflessness. "Betraying private is public."

6. Cultivation and caution.

Confucius said, "A gentleman seeks for himself, while a villain seeks for others."

"Don't complain, don't be rude." "Bows are thick and thin, complaining about others."

7. See the point.

The treatment of the relationship between righteousness and benefit embodies the value orientation of China's ethics.

The basic content and rational core of the traditional concept of justice and benefit are justice before benefit and justice before benefit. Confucius emphasized the idea of forgetting righteousness over profit, and regarded it as an important criterion to distinguish gentlemen from villains.

8. Diligence and integrity

Confucius advocated "gentleness, kindness, courtesy, frugality and concession" as an important virtue.

Laozi put forward the "three treasures" of treating people: kindness, frugality, not daring to be the first in the world, and demanding "going to extremes, extravagance and Thailand".

9. Honest and generous

Laozi said: "Good words are not beautiful, but good words are not believed."

Confucius: eloquent, fresh and kind. A gentleman should "keep his word and do what he says" and "be ashamed of what he says and does".

10, brave perseverance

Three dads: knowledge, kindness and courage.