How to understand the national governance system

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward that the overall goal of China's comprehensive deepening reform is to improve and develop the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. This is the first time that the idea of "governing the country" has entered the national high-level document, and it has become a major policy and program of action leading the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and realizing the Chinese dream, which is of great significance. It should be pointed out that this general goal consists of "national governance system" and "modernization of governance capacity". It is the logical starting point to deepen the reform to sort out and straighten out the internal logical relationship between them. "Governance system" is the premise and foundation of "modernization of governance capacity" and the purpose and result of "governance system". To realize the real modernization of governance capacity, the first task is to establish and improve a complete, legal and effective "national governance system".

It is generally believed that the national governance system consists of five systems: economic governance, political governance, cultural governance, social governance and ecological governance. However, this view of vertical governance system is actually a fragmented and departmental idea, which cannot fundamentally build a systematic, integrated and coordinated governance pattern. According to the essence of global "governance" thought, the governance practice of developed countries in the world and the national conditions of China, the "national governance system" with China characteristics should include five basic contents.

Governance structure system: "Party, government, enterprise, society, people and media" in six. The governance structure solves two major problems: "Who is the subject of governance" and "What is the relationship between the subjects of governance". First of all, there must be diversified and responsible governance subjects. China's characteristic national governance structure should include China's * * * production party (democratic party), the State Council and local governments at all levels, as well as mixed market enterprises (state-owned, private; Domestic enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises; Multinational enterprises, local enterprises, etc. ), various social organizations (science and technology, public welfare, services, etc.). ); Global, local, etc. ), the broad masses of the people and all kinds of media (traditional media and new media) are indispensable. Secondly, there should be a multi-agent harmonious relationship with clear boundaries, division of labor and cooperation, and balanced interaction. Among them, dealing with the relationship between government and market, government and society is the two core relationships between diversified governance subjects. The key is to define their respective authority boundaries and leave the functions that should belong to the market and society to the market and society. The government focuses on fulfilling macro-control, public services and maintaining social rules.

Governance function system: mobilization, organization, supervision, service and allocation. The function system solves the problem of "what role does the governance system mainly play". This system mainly plays five roles: First, the social mobilization function. A good and complete governance system can effectively play the role of social mobilization and gain the greatest social cognition and cohesion in deepening reforms in the fields of economy, politics, culture, society, ecology and party building. Second, the function of social organizations. That is, a good national governance system can integrate individualized and atomized social subjects (enterprises, individuals, etc.). ) into various organizational systems with specific types and purposes (such as party organizations, unit organizations, social organizations, people's autonomous organizations, etc.). ), improve the degree of organization between the state and society, and seek the unity of individual interests, collective interests and national interests. Third, the regulatory function. That is to say, the national governance system needs a complete set of supervision means while helping the market and society to move towards freedom, democracy and development, and macro-control all kinds of economic subjects, political subjects and social subjects to maintain the overall harmony and stability of the country's politics, economy and society. Fourth, the service function. That is, conforming to the trend and requirements of economic and social development, providing large-scale, high-quality and diversified public services and social security to the maximum extent, and meeting the people's increasingly diversified material, cultural and spiritual needs are the basic guarantee for the long-term operation of the national governance system. Fifth, configure the function. That is, a good national governance system should realize the market-oriented allocation of economic resources (let the market play a decisive role in resource allocation) and the socialized allocation of social service resources. By building a scientific resource allocation mechanism, we will comprehensively improve the efficiency of resource allocation and fully tap the vitality of national development.

Governance system: legal system, incentive system and cooperation system. The governance system solves the problem of how to ensure the effective operation of the governance structure. After constructing the governance subject and defining the governance function, it is important to have a complete legal and institutional system to ensure the effective operation of the governance system. As a kind of soft power, institution directly determines the success or failure of the national governance system to some extent. The author believes that it is necessary to establish three fundamental institutional systems: first, the legal system. That is to say, in the fields of party building, economic construction, social construction, cultural construction and ecological construction, we should update and establish a set of legal systems in time, bring all political activities, economic activities, social activities, cultural activities and ecological activities into the legal framework system, strictly enforce the law, and strictly put an end to the emergence and spread of illegal and criminal activities. Secondly, the incentive system. By formulating a scientific and effective incentive system, we can mobilize diversified subjects in all fields to the maximum extent, stimulate and release their inherent potential and vitality under the legal premise, promote the vertical flow of subjects in all fields of the country from ordinary to excellent and from excellent to excellent, and jointly promote the continuous progress of individuals and the country. Third, cooperative system. While emphasizing the efficient operation of all fields and lines according to law, it is the fundamental essence of the national governance system to emphasize the vertical and horizontal cross-cooperation. Therefore, from global governance to sub-regional governance, and then to the governance of main functional areas, local governance, urban governance and specific issues, a complete international, intergovernmental, inter-departmental and public-private cross-border cooperation system is needed to resolve conflicts and contradictions in interactive cooperation and seek to maximize overall interests.

Governance method system: six methods: law, administration, economy, morality, education and consultation. The system of governance methods solves the problem of "what specific means to govern". National governance is a comprehensive system, which needs the cooperation of various methods and means. It mainly includes six governance means: First, legal means. This is the first method that needs to be adopted. All violations of the law must be severely cracked down and stopped according to law in order to create a country ruled by law. Second, administrative means. As a big country with a huge administrative system, it is still necessary and important to take effective administrative orders, instructions and regulations in time in many fields such as economy and society. Third, economic means. Especially in the process of building a socialist market economy in an all-round way, we should use more economic means such as finance, taxation, money and price to guide the coordinated and efficient development of the macro-economy. Fourth, moral means. Paying equal attention to the rule of law and the rule of virtue is a useful experience summed up by China in five thousand years. We should inherit and carry forward the essence of rule of virtue in China traditional culture, strengthen social moral construction, guide individuals to strengthen self-discipline and achieve social harmony. Fifth, educational means. In addition to formal academic education and vocational education, we should also emphasize continuing education and social education for all walks of life, so that each individual can keep pace with the times, emancipate his mind, update his ideas, give full play to his potential and stimulate his vitality. Sixth, the way of negotiation. In accordance with the general requirements of democratic consultation, in the political, economic, social, cultural, ecological and other fields, establish and improve the multi-agent consultation mechanism, dredge the channels of interest expression, expand democratic participation, and promote social fair development.

Governance operation system: top-down, bottom-up, horizontal interaction. The governance operation system solves the problem of "in what way and in what path does the governance system operate". Three operation modes are needed: one is top-down mode. That is, the so-called top-level design, that is, the governance model that the governance of a big country must rely on, lies in properly handling the relationship between power and responsibility between the central government and local governments, and between the higher-level government and the lower-level government, resolutely implementing favorable policies, eradicating the confrontational practice of "having policies at the top and countermeasures at the bottom" and realizing the unchanged policies. Second, the bottom-up approach. That is to say, "crossing the river by feeling the stones", many areas of reform and innovation can rely on local governments to try first, and after mastering the laws and accumulating experience, they will be popularized throughout the country to reduce the risks and costs of reform. Finally, the horizontal interaction mode. The so-called "learning by reference", through interaction, visit and study, achieves the synergy, integration and innovation effect between different fields and different subjects.