The impact of foreign trade on China's economy is about 100-200 words.

This paper first introduces the concept of China's foreign trade and its past and present development, then expounds the close relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, and illustrates the influence of import and export trade on economic development with data, and finally gives some suggestions.

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Keywords: foreign trade; Import and export trade; Economic growth; suggestion

I. Overview and Development of China's Foreign Trade

1. China ancient foreign trade and modern foreign trade.

In ancient times, China's foreign trade was mainly "tribute" trade, which was a tribute and return relationship established by the ancient rulers of China with overseas countries in order to show their wisdom and virtue. This is a foreign exchange relationship that is not for profit. Modern foreign trade, also known as "foreign trade" or "import and export trade", is a profitable foreign exchange relationship between countries, countries and regions, and regions. Different from ancient foreign trade, it not only expanded its scope, but also changed its purpose in essence.

2. Development of China's foreign trade.

(1) China's ancient foreign trade

China's ancient foreign trade began in the Qin Dynasty, flourished in the Han Dynasty, developed in the Tang Dynasty, declined in the Ming Dynasty and declined in the Qing Dynasty. The Han and Tang Dynasties was the peak of China's ancient foreign trade. During this period, the "Silk Road" was formed, and its foreign trade showed unprecedented prosperity. When people from all over the world came to China, not only the land trade developed, but also the maritime trade flourished. In Song Dynasty, the government set up "city shipping companies" in major ports to encourage overseas trade. At that time, China's foreign trade ports were very prosperous. During the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made direct trade with more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa due to his voyages to the West, covering three continents. However, in the Qing Dynasty, the government implemented a "sea ban" policy and strictly restricted foreign trade.

(2) China's modern foreign trade.

1840 The Opium War forced China to open its doors, and the Qing government signed a series of peace treaties with the aggressor countries, which plunged China into a semi-feudal and semi-colonial state and entered the darkest and most humiliating period. China's economy was invaded by western powers through foreign trade.

(3) Contemporary foreign trade of China.

The development of contemporary China's foreign trade thought is mainly influenced by the Soviet economic system. The highly centralized planning system and the state-monopolized foreign trade management system are considered as the basic ways to transition to the socialist market economy and actively integrate with the general rules of international economic and trade exchanges. Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has maintained a sustained and rapid growth. From 1978 to 2004, the global ranking of China's foreign trade has achieved a qualitative leap, rising from the 32nd to the 3rd place in the world, and its proportion in world trade has risen from 1% to about 7% in 2007. The progress made in economic development is very obvious. The gross domestic product rose from 1978 1000 billion yuan to1000 trillion yuan in 2007, and its ranking in the world has been continuously improved.

In China's foreign trade, the total import and export volume increased from 1 0 billion US dollars to1trillion US dollars in 2004, with an average annual growth rate of more than 10%. The scale of China's foreign trade is still expanding, and the use of foreign capital is changing in both quantity and mode. China's unilateral trade is not only increasing, but also bilateral trade is developing rapidly, reaching the 1000 billion dollar mark. Since the financial crisis in 2008, China's foreign trade has declined or even declined. However, considering the economic growth and foreign trade growth in China, we can see that China's foreign trade and economy are still growing. Economic growth brings the growth of foreign trade, which in turn reacts on economic growth and promotes the sustained and rapid economic development of China.

Second, the impact of China's foreign trade on economic growth

1. established China's position as a big trading country.

The rapid development of China's foreign trade is because the reform and opening up has opened up a "Silk Road" for her, and the import and export trade volume of goods has increased substantially. From 1978 to 20 10, the import and export volume of China's goods trade increased by 16.8% on average, which was 8.8 percentage points higher than the world average of 8.0% in the same period. Among them, the average annual growth rate of exports is 17.2%, which is 9.2 percentage points higher than the world average of 8.0% in the same period; The average annual growth rate of imports is 16.4%, which is 9. 1 percentage point higher than the world average of 7.3% in the same period. Since the beginning of 2 1 century, China's trade in goods has increased at a high level. From 2000 to 20 10, the average annual growth rate reached 20. 1%, which was 0.8 percentage points higher than the world average of 9.3% in the same period. In recent years, the development of China's foreign trade has been realized in the global financial crisis and economic crisis, which not only shows that China's export commodities meet the needs of the international market and have strong competitiveness, but also confirms that China's further opening up of the market and expanding imports have played a positive role in supporting the exports of countries and regions hit by the crisis, reducing the pressure of shrinking domestic demand and promoting the recovery and growth of the world economy.

2. Foreign trade strongly supports the growth of national economy.

Before the reform and opening up, China was in a state of economic shortage for a long time, and there was only foreign trade with the purpose of "exchanging needed commodities and adjusting surplus and deficiency", and the scale was very small, mainly importing. Therefore, the pulling effect of foreign trade, especially export trade, on national economic growth is not and cannot be revealed. After the reform and opening up, foreign trade has been listed as the main form of China's foreign exchanges, both in national consciousness and action. As one of the "three engines" (investment, consumption and export) that drive the national economic growth, it is beneficial to the economic growth of China. In particular, the scale of export trade has expanded rapidly and become increasingly prominent, and its contribution has been continuously improved. The export growth rate greatly exceeds the economic growth rate. According to statistics, from 1979 to 20 10, the average annual growth rate of GDP was 9.9%, and the average annual growth rate of goods exports reached 17.2%, which was 7.3 percentage points higher than the GDP of 7.3 since joining the WTO, and their development speed was further expanded. From 200 1 to 20 10, the average growth rate of China's GDP increased to 10.5%, and the export growth rate was twice as high as 20.3%.

3. Foreign trade has increased the country's tax revenue and foreign exchange reserves.

According to statistics, during the 20 years from 199 1 to 20 10, China collected a total of 7.21865 million yuan in tariffs and import taxes, and the export tax rebate was 47175 million yuan. After deducting the export tax rebate and import link tax, the tax directly obtained by the state finance from import and export links reached12518.4 million yuan. Before the reform and opening up, China's foreign exchange reserves were extremely short, only 1978 USD. With the gradual advancement of reform and opening up, especially the implementation of policies and measures centered on earning foreign exchange through exports, China's foreign trade began a surplus era after 90 years. From 1990 to 20 10, except for a few years of trade deficit, all the other years were surplus, including nearly 300 billion in 2008. The scale of surplus is expanding and foreign exchange reserves are increasing. In 20 10, US$ 2.8 trillion was equivalent to 256 times that of 1990, and it broke through the US$ 0.0 billion mark for the first time and became the largest foreign exchange reserve country in the world. Adequate foreign exchange reserves play an important role in supporting national economic development, safeguarding national economic security and preventing financial crisis. Foreign trade has created a large number of employment opportunities.

Foreign trade is not only an important engine to promote national economic growth, but also an important source to create employment opportunities. According to economic theory, expanding exports will create more employment opportunities for China, while expanding imports will help provide employment opportunities for foreign countries. Over the years, China's import trade has developed rapidly and the surplus has been expanding, which not only provides employment opportunities for China's huge labor market, but also partially offsets the transfer of employment opportunities brought by imports.

5. Foreign trade makes China's influence on the world increase continuously.

The rapid development of foreign trade has deepened the integration of China's economy with the world economy. Especially after China became the world's major exporter, importer and economy second only to the United States, China's influence on the international stage has been further enhanced and it has become an important force to promote world economic growth. According to the statistics of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), China's economy has sustained rapid growth in the past 30 years, from 1.8% of the world GDP to 4.2% and 5438+0 in 2006, and further to 9.3% in 20 10. According to purchasing power parity (PPP), the contribution rate of China's economy to the world economy reached 33.6% in 200 1 year, much higher than that of the United States (6.7%). Without China's contribution, the world economic growth rate would have dropped from 2.5% to 1.8%. According to the data of the World Economic and Trade Organization, from 2000 to 2009, the average annual growth rate of China's exports and imports was 17% and 15% respectively, which was much higher than the growth rate of 3% of the total world trade in the same period. Especially after the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, in 2009, the world's imports of goods decreased by 12.8%, while China's imports increased by 2.9%, which contributed significantly to alleviating the pressure of shrinking market demand and promoting economic growth.

Trade barriers mean that goods and services from abroad are artificially restricted by the state to protect its economy. With the economic growth of China, there are more and more trade barrier incidents in China. With the advent of globalization, traditional tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers such as quotas and licenses have been greatly reduced, and trading countries use new means to protect their economies, such as anti-dumping and technical barriers. Due to the rapid growth of exports, China has become the biggest victim, and more than 800 anti-dumping cases have occurred in China. At the same time, China's exports are restricted by the United States in various ways. Not only general tariffs and quotas are used, but also some special measures, such as anti-dumping litigation, technical and green barriers and strict animal and plant quarantine. Secondly, China's demographic dividend is slowly disappearing, and the labor force is no longer the advantage of China's foreign trade.

Since 2004, the Pearl River Delta, the frontier area of China's reform and opening up, has experienced a shortage of migrant workers and difficulties in recruiting workers. A few years later, the difficulty of recruiting workers spread rapidly in the core area of national economic growth. Although the financial crisis has dealt a heavy blow to China's export manufacturing industry, forcing a large number of migrant workers to leave their jobs and return home in a short time, with the sustained stabilization of the economy, enterprises are once again facing more serious recruitment difficulties. Conditional enterprises grab people by raising wages substantially, and some enterprises dare not take orders because they can't recruit enough workers, resulting in idle production capacity. In this regard, China labor experts pointed out that it is directly related to the difficulty in recruiting workers and the end of the demographic dividend in China. Finally, the trade surplus created by China can no longer promote the sustainable growth of China's economy.

From 1994, China began to enter a period of trade surplus, and has enjoyed a trade surplus ever since. However, excessive trade surplus means the net loss of social wealth internally, and excessive export and consumption of resources externally, which aggravates the imbalance of the world economy and becomes the source of trade friction. Moreover, China manufacturing is not conducive to China's scientific and technological innovation and sustainable economic development, and the low added value of products created by China is a disadvantage in foreign trade. In short, faced with so many opportunities, China should do a comprehensive promotion work:

(1) Accelerate the transformation of development mode and take the road of low-carbon life trade. China should improve its independent innovation and R&D capabilities, reduce the export of highly polluting products and take the road of sustainable export trade.

(2) Take innovation as the driving force to improve the competitiveness of export commodities. Innovation is the core of competitiveness, the source of China's sustained economic development, and is conducive to promoting the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

(3) Expand the field of service trade and make it bigger and stronger. The economic value brought by trade in services to China's economy is enormous. China is now at the lowest end of the trade chain of various countries, which not only makes less profits but also causes serious harm to the environment, which is not conducive to environmental protection in China.

(4) Agreement opening and independent opening are carried out at the same time, and there are various ways of opening. The form of openness should be eclectic. History tells us that opening up cannot be confined to a certain field or region, otherwise it will be detrimental to the sustainable development of the economy.

(5) Optimize the spatial layout of development to ensure stable and sustainable development. Development should not be perfunctory, but quality should be guaranteed, so that the economy can develop steadily and continuously.

(6) Optimize the structure and enhance the knowledge content of trade products. The arrival of the information age requires that export commodities should have knowledge content.

(7) Strengthen international competition and cooperation to achieve mutual benefit and win-win. Peace and development are knowledge acquired by all countries, and international competition is a powerful evidence for all countries to be prepared for danger in times of peace.

Faced with so many challenges, China should actively learn from each other's strengths, strive to develop China's foreign trade, and take countermeasures:

(1) Strengthening the construction of regional integration will reduce trade barriers under the characteristics of regional trade freedom, which is conducive to the improvement and development of the multilateral trading system, and trade liberalization and facilitation will be promoted on a global scale.

(2) Respond to trade friction actively, which is the regular expression of the intensified interest game in the process of economic globalization and trade liberalization, and also the embodiment of the principle of fairness and the maintenance of the right to buy one under the market economy system.

(3) Strengthen personnel training. Diversification of talent training channels, forming a diversified and multi-level talent education and training system; Focus on developing industry vocational training to provide suitable talents for industrial structure adjustment and upgrading; Further open the field of education, introduce foreign educational resources, and vigorously cultivate international talents; Establish an industry access system and strengthen the qualification certification of all kinds of talents.

(4) Optimize the structure of export commodities, increase the added value of products and enhance the international marketing ability.

(5) Accelerate the development of low-carbon economy, vigorously support low-carbon economy and green development, provide green peer certification for China products to enter the international market, and seize the new international trade market created by the development of low-carbon economy.

(6) Only by preventing international economic risks and establishing and improving the risk prevention mechanism of fully opening up economic operation can the national economic security be effectively guaranteed.