What are the ways to provide for the aged?

At present, the market in China is still relatively blank in home-based care for the aged. According to the information of iResearch Institute, there are currently three modes of home-based care for the aged: family and nanny mode, intermediary mode and professional home-based care for the aged.

First, the family and nanny model.

With the aging of the parents of the one-child generation born after 1979, the change of the family structure of "4-2- 1" and the prevalence of "996 trend", it is unrealistic for children, as the main force of providing for the aged, to take care of the elderly at home alone.

However, most nannies come from rural areas and are older. They are faced with the heavy responsibility of supporting their elderly parents and raising their grandchildren, so there is a great possibility of leaving their jobs. In addition, the nanny is dirty and tired, and her social status is low. The next generation is unwilling to engage in such work, which may lead to the fault of the new generation of nannies.

Second, the intermediary model.

At present, there are many nursing companies in the market, which mainly provide home caregivers for the elderly through the intermediary model. In particular, combined with the current trend of the development of domestic internet platforms, nursing information is provided through online platforms to save costs.

However, due to the lack of clear definition of the service standards of nurses and the responsibilities of service providers in China, nursing companies, as intermediaries, are not only difficult to control the quality and quality of nurses, especially the Internet platform model, but also difficult to define responsibilities and accountability in case of any accidents.

Third, a professional home-based care model.

That is the professional nursing staff who provide company training. Compared with the first two modes, the professionalism of nursing can be guaranteed, and nurses and rehabilitation technicians will be properly equipped. It is suitable for healthy or semi-self-care elderly people who are recovering after surgery and need proper life help.

But the cost is high and it is difficult to train and acquire talents. At the same time, it is not suitable for the elderly who need 24-hour care and companionship.

2. Community pension

As the main base for the elderly to spend most of their time, the community can embed the integrated service of "nursing+medical care+nursing" into the familiar environment of the elderly, publicize the education of health education and disease prevention, and at the same time facilitate the connection of home-based pension, barrier-free facilities renovation, emergency rescue and referral to meet the spiritual needs of the elderly.

These services will be mainly purchased by developers, with some government subsidies. Relying on the community to provide better services for the elderly, developers will turn property fees into part of the expenses of the elderly. However, although many developers have put forward related new concepts, the services currently provided are still relatively basic, and the model of community pension is still in the exploratory stage.

3. Institutional pension

Old-age care institutions are mainly divided into three modes: real estate mode, nursing home and old-age care service institution.

In the real estate model, the medical service of pension real estate is weakly embedded and has strong real estate attributes. High-end pension communities are mainly aimed at high-net-worth elderly people, that is, "Kochi, Gao Qian and senior executives", which also means that people who can afford it are limited and the property is heavy, which makes it difficult for developers to expand rapidly, and they are basically concentrated in first-tier cities, because there are not enough wealthy people in most areas to fill such rich medical and community services.

Nursing homes are mainly for the elderly who need long-term care. Their profits are thin and they are highly dependent on policies, so the proportion of private enterprises is extremely small. At present, the medical income of the old-age service institutions is relatively small, but it can be predicted that the old-age care institutions combining medical care and nursing will become the main trend in the future. Generally speaking, the old-age service is easy to fall into an embarrassing situation caused by insufficient professional ability and unclear positioning. The services provided do not match the market demand very much, and great changes will take place in the future.

02

Living alone is the mainstream living form of the elderly.

According to the survey data released by RealData, with the miniaturization and core of family structure, the proportion of elderly people living with their children has gradually decreased, and 65.5% of the elderly choose to live independently. At present, only 26.8% of the elderly live with their children. Even among the elderly aged 80 and above, the proportion of elderly people living independently is 48%.

Is it true to raise children for old age? Don't you have to live or rely on yourself when you are old?

In fact, the apparent reason for the high proportion of elderly people living alone is that they think they are in good health and like freedom, and the more fundamental reason is the change of the concept of providing for the elderly. After experiencing the improvement of housing conditions and health conditions, they are no longer just satisfied with living and basic housing needs, but begin to gradually pursue a free and quality old-age life.

03

The era of "raising children to prevent old age" is over.

"Raising children to prevent old age and saving up for hunger", under the condition of imperfect social security system, everyone naturally wants to have more children to take care of their old age, which is also the most common concept of providing for the elderly for generations.

However, the first generation of old and new people, represented by the post-60s and post-70s, experienced a tortuous historical process after the founding of New China: lack of education in the growth stage, comprehensive reform and opening up, changes in economic concepts, one-child policy, and full access to smart phones. ......

From "I'm old, I'm useless, and the state supports the elderly to prevent old age" to "age is just a number, and I'm actively prepared independently";

From "family members make decisions together and basically have no room for themselves" to "they have the final say and have independent space";

From "traditional family concept with family as the main life" to "open concept and independent relationship of taking care of parents and children when necessary";

The first generation of new and old people are constantly embracing new changes, and the concept of "raising children to prevent old age" is slowly fading. ......