Brief history of crop hybrid breeding

1719 t. Fairchild has obtained artificial hybrids with Dianthus plants for the first time in the world. 1761~1766 J. coroyte was used to carry out the tobacco hybridization test, and it was considered that the characters of the first hybrid were between the parents and had dominant performance. /kloc-at the beginning of the 9th century, T.A. Knight proposed that hybridization was a method to obtain many "new combinations of traits". Gauss, G. F. Gartner and C. H. Nodan noticed the consistency of the first generation hybrids and the diversity of the second generation hybrids. 1860, F. F. haret applied the vickers separation principle and progeny determination method founded by de Ville Moran in 1856 for cross breeding, which is the basis of the current genealogy method. 1900 1866 After Mendel's genetic law was rediscovered, cross breeding began to be guided by preliminary genetic theory and made some progress, but it was still based on personal experience at the beginning of the 20th century. 1904, A.P. Sanders and C.P. Sanders of Canada bred Marquez, a spring wheat variety famous for its high quality and high yield. Since then, with the development of genetics, the improvement of characteristic identification technology and the application of biostatistics, cross breeding has gradually formed a relatively complete system.

In the late 1920s, China began to improve crop varieties through hybridization, which was mainly carried out by Central University, Jinling University, Sun Yat-sen University, Central Agricultural Laboratory, National Rice and Wheat Improvement Institute and Central Cotton Yield Improvement Institute. Excellent varieties include Zhongshan 1 rice, Mozi 10 1 wheat, Mars No.3 wheat, Ji Jiao Dezi cotton resistant to rice leaf roller, etc. However, it was after 1949 that a large number of cross breeding of various crops were carried out and remarkable results were achieved in production. In the early 1950s, the cooperation of spring wheat varieties with stem rust resistance was bred and popularized in the northeast spring wheat area, and the winter wheat varieties Bima 1 with stripe rust resistance and several subsequent wheat varieties were successively popularized in the north winter wheat area, which made great contributions to controlling the harm of rust. In the early 1960s, the first batch of dwarf rice varieties, such as Zhenzhuai and Guanglvai No.4, were cultivated in southern rice areas, which greatly increased the yield per unit area. By the end of 1970s, the number of popularized varieties of rice, wheat, sweet potato and other crops bred by hybridization reached more than 60% of that of the corresponding crops.