Production structure of Indian agriculture

Since independence, India's economic structure has undergone some changes, and the share of agriculture in GDP has been declining (according to the data of the World Bank, its share has dropped from 45% in 1970 to 3 1% in 1993), and the share of non-agricultural sectors has gradually increased. However, this change is not accompanied by a large number of agricultural labor transfer to other departments, nor is it accompanied by significant changes in the internal structure of agricultural production. Due to this feature of Indian agricultural production, the development of agricultural production is relatively slow, the level of productivity is not high, and the agricultural structure has not been improved for a long time.

India's agricultural production structure has the following main characteristics:

-agriculture is mainly based on planting, and planting is mainly based on food crops. 1988/89 92% of the total income of rural residents comes from agriculture (including animal husbandry), forestry income only accounts for 4%, and fishery income only accounts for 1.3%. The internal structure of 1988/89 is as follows: the output value of grain accounts for 48.3% of the total output value of planting, oil crops account for 12.7%, vegetables and fruits account for 10.4%, cotton accounts for 3.8% and tobacco accounts for 0.5%. The number of cattle raised in India ranks first in the world-192.98 million in 1994, accounting for15% of the world; However, the total output of meat only accounts for 2. 1% of the world, and milk accounts for 6.5%.

Another feature is that structural changes are "inert" and the structure of agricultural production departments has not changed greatly. In the 40 years since 1950, various agricultural production departments in India have developed, and the general trend is not conducive to the development of animal husbandry and forestry.

The internal structure model of Indian farming has not changed significantly in the past 40 years. During the period of 1950- 1990, the proportion of sown area in the total area decreased: grain decreased from 66. 1% to 59%, soybean from 16.8% to 13. 1%, and cotton. The expanding trend is: oil crops rose from 8.9% to 10.6%, and sugarcane rose from 1.4% to 1.7%.