China's social services

Description of the problem:

Specific content

And the current situation

And the comparison with foreign countries (preferably Japan)

Write from the good aspects Difficulty then be objective Don't be too biased

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Resolution:

With the establishment of the social market economy system and the development of social services and thinking

Source: Social Science Section 2003-7-20

The social services sector in China has been developing and thinking about the development of the social services industry. p> Current Situation and Thoughts on the Development of Social Service Industry

Source:Social Sciences Section 2003-7-20

With the gradual establishment of the socialist market economic system, the positive role of social service industry in stimulating economic growth, expanding employment, and improving the quality of life of the residents is becoming more and more obvious, and the division of labor in socialization is also more refined. During the period of 1996-2002, statistics show that the proportion of the added value of social service industry in the added value of the tertiary industry basically remained at about 30%, with an average annual growth of 15.6%, higher than the average annual growth rate of the tertiary industry by 1.2 percentage points. The rapid development of social service industry has become one of the most energetic industries supporting the economic growth of our region. (See Table 1)

Table 1: The proportion of value-added of each industry (%)

I. Definition and Classification of Social Service Industry

The social service industry refers to the activities of providing various production and living services for the society, which belongs to the tertiary industry in the industrial division, and it belongs to the tertiary industry in accordance with the new standard of classification of the industries of the national economy (GB/T 4754-2002) and the statistics of the social service industry implemented by Shanghai in 2002. The statistical scope of the social service industry implemented in Shanghai specifically includes urban public **** transportation industry, computer service industry, software industry, leasing industry, business service industry, research and experimental development, professional and technical service industry, scientific exchange and promotion service industry, environmental management industry, public **** facilities management industry, residential service industry, other services, education, health, social security, social welfare industry, press and publication industry, broadcasting, television, film and audio-visual industry, and so on. Radio, television, film and audio-visual industry, culture and art, sports, entertainment, Chinese *** organs, state institutions, the People's Political Consultative Conference and democratic parties, mass organizations and social groups and religious organizations, grass-roots mass self-governance organizations, international organizations and other 27 major categories and Internet information services, radio and television transmission services, two separate categories, as well as sewage and its recycling industry, a sub-category.

Second, the development of social services and its characteristics

1992, the beginning of the establishment of the region, the social services industry is still in a slow development stage, the year realized about 200 million yuan of added value. Due to the limitations of the regional industrial development space and the influence of the domestic and foreign economic environment, the growth rate of the value added of the region's social service industry has experienced a shocking development of the process. 1997 reached its highest value, the growth rate of 32.4%; in 1998 there was a decline, down 6.7%; 1999 and 2000 saw a higher growth rate, respectively, 20.2% and 21.5%. 2001 saw a decline, only the growth rate of 20.2% and 21.5%; In 2001, there was a drop, only 2.1% growth; in 2002, it entered into rapid growth again, with a growth rate of 29.4%. 2002, the social service industry completed an added value of 3.083 billion yuan, an increase of 1.789 billion yuan over 1996 (the year of the first national basic unit census), an increase of 138.3%, with a clear trend of overall growth. (See Figure 1)

Figure 1: Development of social service industry in recent years

With the gradual deepening of reform and opening up, the tertiary industry has been vigorously developed. During the period of 1996-2002, the added value of the whole region increased from 10.8 billion yuan to 23 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 13.3%, more than doubling the economic total; among them, the added value of the tertiary industry increased from 4.3 billion yuan to 9.6 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 14.4%, which was faster than the growth of the economic total, and the annual growth rate of the social service industry was 15.6%, which was one of the main industries that drove the tertiary industry to grow rapidly. It is one of the main industries driving the rapid growth of the tertiary industry. The increasing perfection of the market economic system has provided the basic conditions for the sustained and stable growth of the social service industry, and in addition, the opening up and regional advantages have provided the policy guarantee and development space for the development of the social service industry, thus guaranteeing the economic interests of the investors. According to the analysis of statistical data (see Table 2), the development of social service industry presents the following characteristics:

Table 2: Comparison of the main indicators of social service industry in the first and second basic unit census of Minhang District

1. The total volume of social service industry keeps growing. 2,782 legal person units of the social service industry were recorded in 2001, which is 841 more than that of 1996, and the growth rate is 43.3%. 43.3%. Among them, the number of corporate units increased by 83.8%, and the proportion of corporate units in the total number of corporate units rose from 36.3% in 1996 to 46.6%. more than 70% of the increase in the number of corporate units over the past five years are corporate units, which indicates that the scale of the social service industry is constantly expanding, and that the degree of marketization, socialization, and industrialization is increasing, and the structure is being adjusted and optimized.

2, social service industry employees continue to expand, become an important channel for absorbing social labor and expanding employment. Due to the rapid growth of the number of basic units of social service industry, the number of employees has also been expanding, and become an important way to absorb social labor force and promote the urbanization process. 2001, the end of the basic units of social service industry numbered 100,729 people, an increase of 37.5% over 1996, of which the number of employees of the enterprise legal entity increased by 81.0%, an increase of 23,189 people in five years, accounting for 84.4% of the total increase in the number of employees. Social service industry not only new jobs, expanding employment channels, easing the pressure of employment, but also for the smooth implementation of state-owned enterprise reform, industrial restructuring and urbanization has made a positive contribution to the construction.

3, the social service industry capital strength has increased significantly, the economic development of a positive role in promoting the 2001 social service industry legal entity paid-in capital than in 1996 increased by 2.357 billion yuan, an increase of 87.7%. Showing that the social service industry in the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period of capital strength increased significantly for the social service industry in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period of steady development has laid a good foundation for the sustained development of the region's economy will play an important role in promoting.

4, social service industry income scale development rapidly. 2001 social service industry business units operating income totaled 6.168 billion yuan, an increase of 95.9% over 1996. This shows that the effect of social service production and business activities is more obvious, but also from the side of the district party committee in recent years, the district *** implementation of industrial restructuring and optimization of the role of the strategy gradually appeared. Factors of production such as labor and capital are reasonably and orderly transferred to the tertiary industry. The structure of the three industries is becoming more optimized and reasonable, and the overall economic scale and strength has been significantly strengthened.

5, the social service industry is promising, there is still a lot of room for development, and will become one of the economic growth points. According to the data show that in 2002, Shanghai's service industry accounted for the proportion of the city's economy reached 51.0%, "three two one" industrial restructuring goals initially realized, Shanghai is moving towards a service-oriented city. At the same time, we also see that in 2002, China's Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the proportion of the service sector in the economy as high as 86.0% or so, the United States reached 75.0%, according to the development trend of Shanghai's economy, by 2010, this indicator is expected to reach more than 70.0%, the service sector will become the absolute main force of the Shanghai metropolitan economy. In 2002, the proportion of service industry in the region's economy was only 41.9%, compared with the goal of industrial restructuring of the region, there is still a lot of room for development, accounting for about one-third of the proportion of the service industry, the social service industry has a bright future, will provide a new point of growth for the development of the economy.

6, the modern service industry development momentum is strong, the growth rate of the social service industry in the leading position of the major categories of industry. In recent years, the social service industry has made greater development, especially the rapid rise of modern service industry, the speed of development in the leading position. Among them, accounting, statistics, auditing and consulting industry and computer application service industry is the knowledge economy in the context of the "knowledge-based" service industry, the rapid development, so far has reached a considerable scale; in particular, the computer application service industry, its development thanks to the Internet and other information technology and personal computers, the rapid development of the "one million families online" practical work. The launching of the "One Million Families Going Online" project will provide the conditions for the popularization of this industry. (See Table 3)

Table 3: Comparison of the main indicators of social service industry in Minhang District between the first and second basic unit census

7. At this stage, there are still some constraints affecting the development of social service industry in the district

(1) Due to the institutional factors, the degree of marketization of the social service industry is still relatively low, and there is a lack of marketization in the main fields of social service industry such as science and technology, higher education, culture, health, sports, public ****************************************************. In the main areas of social service industry, such as science and technology, higher education, culture, health, sports, public **** undertakings, etc. are basically run by the state-encumbered institutions, welfare units, there are many capital and factors of production are excluded from the social service industry, to a certain extent, restricting the development of the social service industry.

(2) The demand for social service industry has not been fully launched, to a certain extent, restricting the development of social service industry. First of all, the increase in the number of laid-off people in the towns and cities, the slow growth of farmers' income, affecting the improvement of the residents' consumption ability; residents of housing, medical care, education, the expected expenditure is larger, savings is the first choice of the residents' remaining assets, the uncertainty of future expenditure increases, the impact of the residents' consumer confidence, affecting the residents' immediate consumption ability; urban and rural population structure is unreasonable, the development of unbalanced, by the limitations of the level of income, the Urban and rural residents' household expenses in food, clothing and other daily necessities still account for a large proportion of the limited demand for social services.

(3) The slow development of the traditional service industry restricts the development of social service industry. Our region's residential services, rental services, public **** services and other traditional services development is still slow, although the information consulting services and computer services and other modern services are developing rapidly, but because of the modern services, emerging services in the total amount has not yet formed a certain scale, the region's social service industry in the short term to obtain a greater development there are still considerable constraints.

Third, accelerate the development of social service industry in our region a few thoughts

The degree of development of social service industry is a measure of the degree of economic development of a country, city or region is an important indicator. Combined with our region to build a modern international metropolis of Shanghai's new city and the grand goal of economic powerhouse, as well as the service industry in the process of socialist modernization should be an important role and status, so that our region's social service industry as quickly as possible to reach the level of the developed regions, the following recommendations:

1, to determine the key development direction of the social service industry.

Analyzing the total and structural perspective of the social service industry, the social service industry should focus on the development of the following industries on the basis of maintaining comprehensive development:

Public **** service industry. Further promote infrastructure construction, gradually improve the overall function of the city, vigorously develop the public **** transportation industry, combined with Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu hand in hand to promote the "Yangtze River Delta" integration and development of opportunities to accelerate the development of public **** service industry in our region, to enhance the comprehensive service function of our region for the "Yangtze River Delta" construction of services. "The construction of services, and then well integrated into the future of the "Yangtze River Delta" metropolitan economic circle.

Tourism. Our region has a long history and rich tourism resources. There is the Maqiao ancient cultural sites and the ancient Gangshen, Qinhuang Chidao, Qibao town old street and other places of interest as well as Jinjiang Park, Tropical Storm, Hokkaido Ski Resort and other modern amusement parks, investment of 450 million yuan in the construction of the Minhang Sports Park, Minlian Ecological Park and Xin Min Light Rail Park will further enrich the tourism resources of our region. We should vigorously improve the soft and hard environment for tourism development, excavate y, renovate at the right time, optimize the tourism environment, increase publicity, and promote the continuous development of tourism in our region.

Information consulting, computer application services. The twenty-first century is the era of knowledge-based economy, the country's "Tenth Five-Year Plan" is the main line of structural adjustment, the tertiary industry that is the service industry is the focus of the development of the adjustment of the industry, and the tertiary industry in the country's "knowledge-based" service industry is to give greater attention and support. Our region information consulting, computer applications and other "knowledge-based" service industry has grown rapidly in recent years, but the total amount is still insufficient, our region science and technology, industry departments should formulate the relevant industrial development plan in a timely manner, the implementation of relevant incentives and support policies, the establishment and improvement of technology, human resources, consulting services and other scientific and technological services elements of the market, improve the investment and financing system, timely seize the opportunity to maintain the development of the industry, the development of the tertiary industry is the focus of the adjustment. Seize the opportunity to maintain the momentum of development in a timely manner, and vigorously develop information consulting, computer application services and other high-value-added "knowledge-based" service industry.

Domestic service industry. 2003 I want to add 20,000 jobs in the region, the domestic service industry is a very good platform, especially suitable for older, less skilled "4050" people employment, but also "4050" people entrepreneurship It is also the first choice for "4050" people to start their own business. In recent years, the development of domestic service industry in our region, but the overall lack of planning and guidance, socialization, marketization, industrialization is not high, the existing domestic service companies also lack of specialization, regionalization, networking and standardization of management, the overall level of service is not high. The relevant departments should do a good job of planning, strengthen the guidance, change the concept, do a good job of regionalization of the layout of the domestic service industry, into the street community, broaden the service area, and promote the overall development of community services.

2, standardize the market economic management system, and strive to create a fair, just and competitive environment for industrial development. China's accession to the WTO for more than a year, the global economic integration, new technologies, new products and services continue to emerge, it is necessary to combine the rules of the WTO on the region's various industries, especially in the social service industry to strengthen regulation and guidance, develop and improve the social service industry market access conditions, market regulation, fair competition and other related policies, so that operators in an orderly, fair and competitive environment for lawful business, and effectively protect the The legitimate rights and interests of investors and workers, and promote the development of social service industry in our region.

3, increase investment, and constantly develop and expand the social service industry. To actively create a favorable environment for development, encourage and support various forms of social capital into the social service industry, especially large-scale public **** service industry, and constantly develop and expand the social service industry.

4, remodeling and upgrading of traditional service industries. Our region's basic industries are mainly public **** transportation, public **** facilities, residential services, education, health and so on, these industries are closely related to people's lives, to facilitate the lives of the masses, improve the quality of life of the people plays a very important role. In the face of the traditional service industry, combined with institutional reform and community service construction, with modern management tools and business methods for rational planning and layout and adjustment and reorganization, so that the traditional service industry to revitalize, get the quality of transformation and upgrading.