What is the teaching environment?

Teaching environment is a complex system composed of many different elements. Teaching environment in a broad sense refers to all conditions (including material and spiritual) that affect school teaching activities. It can be a physical environment or a psychological environment. Moreover, these two environments can exist as relatively independent subsystems with different components. Narrow teaching environment refers to all the conditions that affect teaching in a class, including class size, seating mode, class atmosphere, teacher-student relationship and so on.

Classification of teaching environment:

Physical environment:

The physical environment of teaching is composed of various physical and material factors in the school, such as school buildings, teaching tools, time and space. We can divide the physical environment of teaching into facility environment, natural environment and space-time environment.

1. Facility environment

Facility environment, including teaching places and teaching tools, is the core component of the physical environment. Whether the teaching facilities are complete or not is directly related to the quality of the whole school environment and the normal teaching activities.

(1) teaching place

Teaching places include classrooms and other activity places, such as campus, sports ground, library, conference hall, learning garden, teachers' office, dormitory, canteen, school-run factory and so on. In a narrow sense, the teaching place generally refers to the classroom, including ordinary classrooms shared by all disciplines and specialized teachers for different disciplines, such as music teachers, phoneticians, computer classrooms, science laboratories, etc., and is an important part of the school teaching place. Research shows that the quality of teaching places has a direct impact on the physical and mental activities of classrooms and students. On the one hand, they can cause different physiological feelings between teachers and students, on the other hand, they can make teachers and students produce * * * sounds in their hearts. A good teaching place (classroom) should meet the following conditions: First, it should have a good location and enough space. Second, the classroom should have good ventilation, lighting, lighting conditions, maintain a suitable temperature, no noise. Third, the classroom design and color application should be appropriate, and the classroom building should be reasonable and practical to meet the teaching needs. The appearance should also have a certain aesthetic effect, and the influence of different colors on teachers and students' emotions should also be carefully considered in the use of colors.

(2) Teaching tools

Teaching tools mainly refer to some basic tools necessary for teaching activities, such as desks and chairs, experimental instruments, books, sports equipment and various audio-visual media (video recorders, tape recorders, televisions, computer multimedia, language labs, etc.). Teaching tools are necessary and play a restrictive role in teaching activities. The specifications of tables and chairs should meet the requirements of teaching and hygiene, and the shape and placement form should be convenient to meet the needs of teaching activities. Books are the most important teaching supplies, and the design of their characters, illustrations and symbols should take into account the influence of visual representation on students' learning knowledge. The symbols should be clear, the colors of words and paper should be soft and the contrast should be obvious. The paper is smooth, but not reflective; Beautiful layout printing and lasting production. With the development of modern educational technology, teaching tools are constantly updated, teaching methods are increasingly rich and colorful, and the environment of teaching facilities is becoming more and more complicated.

2. Natural environment

The natural environment of a school refers to the natural geographical location and climatic conditions in which the school is located, which generally defines the overall environmental appearance of the school. It is surrounded by mountains and rivers and has beautiful scenery, which will naturally bring joy to teachers and students. Although we can't change these natural environment factors by manpower, we can make full use of them, which can not only coordinate the architectural style of the school with the natural environment, but also make these precious natural resources become the source for students to carry out patriotic education, cultivate their sentiments and carry out research-based learning.

3. Time and space environment

Space-time environment refers to the specific environment composed of time and space in schools. Time and space are inseparable and complement each other. Teaching is a continuous process, but the time provided for teaching is always a constant. As a teaching place, the capacity of space is always limited. Different time arrangements organize all school activities in an orderly way in a limited space. Reasonable organization of teaching space activities in unit time to improve teaching efficiency is equivalent to winning more study time for students; In a certain space, if the utilization rate of space can be fully improved, it is equivalent to expanding the teaching space. Research shows that people's mental activity ability has different performances at different times of the day. Therefore, whether the allocation of time can be arranged scientifically has a great influence on the physiology and psychology of teachers and students, thus affecting the teaching effect. Therefore, according to the characteristics of teenagers' learning psychology and the nature of different subjects, it is an important content to arrange the study time reasonably so that students can relax and combine work and rest in their study.

It is also found that different organizational forms and spatial density of teaching space will have different effects on the physical and mental health of teachers and students and the teaching effect. Class size and seating arrangement are the two most important variables in the teaching space. Class size mainly refers to the number of students in a class, which is a factor related to the density of teaching space. The research on the influence of class size on teaching at home and abroad shows that small class is better than leading class in learning process, learning discipline and academic performance. The enthusiasm of small class students is higher than that of large class students; Space crowding can cause abnormal behavior and physiological adverse reactions.

Social, cultural and psychological environment

Social, cultural and psychological environment is a complex environmental system composed of many intangible social, cultural and psychological factors in schools, which is isomorphic with the physical environment and constitutes the whole teaching environment. Different from the physical environment, the social, cultural and psychological environment is an invisible environment, but it has an important influence on the psychological activities and social behaviors of teachers and students, and even the education and teaching activities of the whole school, and sometimes its influence will exceed the physical environment.

Class style and classroom atmosphere

Class style refers to a homophobic psychological tendency formed by all members of the class in long-term communication. Once the class spirit is formed, it becomes a binding force, which in turn affects every member of the class collective. It shapes students' attitudes and values and affects their learning activities among teachers. Therefore, the restraining effect of class spirit on class collective members ultimately depends not on rules and regulations, but on some intangible forces such as group norms, public opinion and cohesion.

Classroom atmosphere refers to the psychological atmosphere that students perceive in class groups and affects their learning, including class goal orientation, learning progress, difficulties, bias, cohesion, unity and friendship, conflict, democracy, satisfaction, competition and other psychological factors. Classroom atmosphere is formed in teachers' communication, which conveys a lot of information about current learning activities and communicates with each other. It not only has a certain influence on each student's learning behavior, but also causes a kind of "social pressure" or "social encouragement" on the learning behavior of class groups. A good classroom atmosphere will promote mutual respect and close cooperation between teachers and students, the purpose of learning activities is clear, and students are full of confidence in their own learning.

There are many factors that affect the classroom atmosphere, especially the leadership style of teachers. Teachers who pay attention to authority are more efficient when they are present and supervised, but they may not perform well when they are absent or not strictly supervised. Teachers who insist on democratic leadership can show a high degree of respect and mutual help and friendship among students, and the learning effect is better. In addition, the classroom atmosphere is also related to cultural phenomena such as teachers and students' values and codes of conduct.

2. Emotional environment and teacher-student relationship

An important factor affecting the class spirit and classroom atmosphere is the emotional environment created by the relationship between teachers and students, which refers to an emotional and emotional state formed in teaching. Classroom teaching is not only a process of information exchange, but also a process of emotional exchange. In order to form a good class atmosphere and classroom atmosphere, teachers must improve their leadership style and establish a good relationship with students. It is found that teachers' appropriate expectations, correct teaching attitude, appropriate rewards and punishments and the introduction of appropriate cooperation and competition will have a positive impact on classroom emotional state, so as to meet students' learning needs to the maximum extent, make students feel happy and receive satisfactory teaching efficiency. All this must be based on a good relationship of mutual respect and trust between teachers and students.

A good teacher-student relationship has two characteristics: First, students accept the "authoritative" position of teachers' organization and management. In order to win the respect of students, teachers' status, teaching ability and management ability must be recognized by students. In the eyes of students, the ideal teacher should be able to maintain order but not too strict, fair and just, clear and interesting, knowledgeable and able to give practical care and help to students. The second is mutual respect between teachers and students.

From the teacher's point of view, the establishment of this relationship depends on three aspects of teacher-student communication:

First, teachers care about students' progress, carry out teaching and guiding learning according to students' needs and understanding as much as possible, give students with different cognitive levels learning guidance and help through various forms of evaluation, and use appropriate expectations and rewards and punishments to keep them eager for knowledge.

Second, teachers respect students' colors as "learners". Students are the main body of learning, and they have the right to choose the content and objectives of learning. Teachers should respect students' autonomous learning consciousness in the teaching process and fully encourage students to actively explore.

Third, teachers should treat students as independent people, teachers and students are equal, and establish good relations through mutual understanding and respect. Of course, this relationship should be kept at an appropriate distance, and personal emotional problems should not affect normal teaching.