What happened to the ceramics case in Yuan Dynasty?

Porcelain-making technology in Yuan Dynasty occupies an extremely important position in the history of China ceramics. Jun kiln, Cizhou kiln, Huoyao kiln, Longquan kiln and Dehua kiln in Yuan Dynasty continued to produce traditional varieties on the basis of previous OEM, and Jingdezhen kiln made a new breakthrough in porcelain making technology.

The appearance of blue-and-white and underglaze red in the Yuan Dynasty brought China's porcelain decoration art into a brand-new era. In the long history of the development of ceramic decoration art, no decoration type has such a great influence and spread widely as blue-and-white porcelain.

In 9 1 year after the Yuan Dynasty entered the Central Plains, the porcelain industry declined compared with the Song Dynasty. However, there were also new developments in this period, such as the rise of blue and white and glaze red, the popularity of a large number of colored porcelain, and white porcelain became the mainstream of porcelain, which promoted the development of porcelain in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and made great achievements.

Shufuyao

In Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen designed the official kiln, which was beautifully made, and the word "Shufu" often appeared in the pattern, so it was also called Shufu Kiln. Also from the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen gradually formed a national porcelain manufacturing center.

Underglaze blue

Blue and white porcelain uses cobalt to draw patterns, and only one blue color is used. However, the hue and gradation of pigments can present extremely rich and varied artistic effects. Blue and white are simple and gorgeous, complex and unified. Like blue calico, it has the characteristics of simplicity, simplicity and elegance, and has become the main variety of porcelain.

Glaze red

Glaze red is an underglaze color painting in which cobalt is oxidized and replaced, similar to blue and white. Because it is reduced to snow red and the glaze color is red, it is named glaze red. After the Jun Kiln in Yuan Dynasty, another red expression appeared, which was difficult to fire, often grayish red or dark brown, quite unstable, with little output and even less handed down from generation to generation.

In addition, another famous product created and fired by Jingdezhen in Yuan Dynasty is egg white glaze. This product, also called "Shufu Kiln", is said to be the fixed burner of the Privy Council in the Yuan Dynasty. Some vessels have the word "Shu Fu" on them, but the kilns that burn this kind of egg white glazed porcelain also burn blue-and-white porcelain and black glazed porcelain. Egg white glaze has the characteristics of thick glaze layer, crystallization and color like goose protein, which laid the foundation for the development of Yongle sweet white glaze in Ming Dynasty.

The blue-and-white porcelain wares of this period are characterized by large shape, thick body and heavy weight. The blue and white materials used for decorative patterns are imported and made in China. The imported materials are bright blue and gorgeous, and the surface glaze adopts shadow blue. This painting is rigorous in composition, neat in brushwork and meticulous in description. This kind of product is relatively large in size, and it was a high-grade product of Fuliang Porcelain Bureau at that time. Their shapes are rough and bold, the materials are heavy, and the overall style is thin and imposing. Domestic green materials are light gray, and opaque egg white glaze is generally applied. The composition of the painting is sparse, the brushwork is simple and the style is rough. These products are mostly small products, mostly produced by ordinary folk kilns, and mostly used as daily utensils. Decorative patterns mainly include pine, plum, bamboo, lotus, dragon, phoenix, crane, deer, figures, flowers and birds, rolling grass, Jintian and so on. In addition, historical stories are also very popular.