Find the ranks of the armies of western countries

Military ranks arose in the 15th-16th century in the period of the emergence of capitalism and the establishment of professional armies, the word "rank" first appeared in 1578 in the French language, meaning "the steps of rank, the ladder of different titles or ranks of rank". In ancient China, the titles of marshal, general and lieutenant appeared one after another since the Spring and Autumn Period, which is more than ten centuries earlier than Western European countries. Ancient Chinese military rank system, and the Western European military rank system functionally consistent, but the form is different, independent of each other, the two have no inheritance relationship. 1894, the Qing Dynasty == decided in accordance with the Western European countries army to organize and train the new army. By 1904, the rank and file of the new army was established, and the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) implemented the rank system from 1955 to 1966, when it was canceled. The new military service law adopted at the second meeting of the sixth session of the National People's Congress stipulated the resumption of the rank system. on July 1, 1988, the second meeting of the Standing Committee of the seventh session of the National People's Congress approved and adopted the Regulations on the Ranks of Officers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), and, after an interruption of 23 years, the PLA began to implement a new rank system. Nowadays, the armies of the vast majority of countries in the world have adopted the military rank system. Most countries have adopted the Western European style rank system for their rank hierarchy.

Grand Marshal Grand Marshal is derived from the Latin word for "greatest" and "most important". It was first awarded as a title of honor to the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of a country or an allied country, and sometimes to members of the royal family and state activists. In 1569, King Charles IX of France conferred the title of Grand Marshal on his brother, the Duke of Anjou. Later, about 30 people were awarded the rank of Grand Marshal in various countries of the world.In 1719, the Russian Army Ordinance formally stipulated that the Grand Marshal was the highest rank in the Russian Army. After the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War, June 22, 1945, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet decided to set up the rank of Grand Marshal of the Soviet Union, the next day the rank was awarded to Stalin.

Marshal The word "marshal" is derived from the Old German words for "horse" and "servant". It is said that in the earliest times, the marshal was the official in charge of the emperor's stables at court. In medieval France and other countries, it was the name of the office responsible for the marching and fighting formations of the army, supervising the execution of guard duties, managing the affairs of the army as well as commanding the front guard and choosing the camps. By the 16th century, the word marshal was used in France to denote the highest military rank, and in the second half of the 16th century the rank of marshal was awarded to 18 generals who had distinguished themselves in battle. Now, the title of marshal is still the highest military rank in some countries.

General General is derived from the Latin word "general" and "principal". Generals first appeared as a military rank in France in the 16th century. In Germany, the term was used in the 15th century to refer to the head of a group of knights, and it was not until the 16th century that it was used as a military rank. As the scale of warfare and the size of armies expanded, generals were divided into several ranks to command armies of different sizes. Brigadier generals generally commanded brigades, major generals commanded divisions, lieutenant generals commanded armies, and admirals commanded group armies. Nowadays, in addition to the titles of major, lieutenant general and admiral, which are set up by most countries in the world, western countries generally also have the title of brigadier general. Russia and some countries in Eastern Europe also have the title of general. The United States also has the rank of five-star general in wartime. This title is considered equivalent to a general in the Soviet Union, while in the West it is categorized as the same as a field marshal in other countries.

Colonel The rank of colonel is a post-World War II title that was first introduced in Korea in the 1950s when China adopted a military rank system. In other countries, colonels are called majors, such as Vietnam and the old Japanese army officers, are divided into three levels, the first level is called major, is actually a colonel. Now the only countries in the world that have the rank of colonel are the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), the People's Republic of China (PRC), and the People's Republic of China (PRC).

Colonel The word colonel comes from the Italian "(army of) column". In the ancient French infantry, colonel was synonymous with chief, and in the late 18th century the French tended to confuse chief with colonel. In Russia, the term colonel was first used in the 16th century, when the officer commanding a team was called a colonel. Currently, the rank of colonel is generally found in military ranks around the world. With the exception of North Korea and China, colonel is the highest rank among school officers, and is generally the establishment rank of a regimental commander.

Lieutenant Colonel In 17th-century Russia, lieutenant colonel was initially the title of deputy chief of regiment, but later became the title of deputy chief of regiment, and in 1713, Peter I set up the title of lieutenant colonel in the Russian Navy, which corresponded to the post of second-class captain of warships, and in 1935, when the Red Army of the former Soviet Union introduced the rank system, there were only the two grades of colonel and lieutenant colonel for the school officers, and the title of lieutenant colonel was set up only in 1939. Now most of the world's military ranks are set in this title, generally for the deputy regimental commander or battalion commander of the establishment of the rank.

Major The word "major" is derived from the Latin words "higher" and "older". 400 years ago, the Spanish army was the first to use the major as a military rank. 16th century, the term "major" was introduced into Germany, and began to be used only as a certain position of the title. The term major was introduced into Germany in the 16th century and began to be used only for certain positions. The term major was introduced into Germany in the 16th century and was used only as a designation for certain positions; it was used in Germany when a standing army was established, and in the 18th and 19th centuries, the Russian army divided the rank of major into two grades: first and second majors. Nowadays, all countries have the rank of major in their military ranks, usually the battalion commander's establishment rank.

First Lieutenant The first lieutenant is derived from the Latin word for "chief" as in "military officer". The title first appeared in medieval France as the title of the governor of an independent military region, and was at one time higher than marshal. Later, the term first lieutenant gradually lost its original meaning. Since 1558, company commanders have been called first lieutenants, and military district commanders have been called chief first lieutenants. At present, there are about 10 countries in the world that have the rank of first lieutenant. In the old days, the highest rank in the army was also called first lieutenant, but it did not have a captain, so it was treated as a captain. Now the western countries will also be the former Soviet Union and other countries of the first lieutenant translated into captain, in the military rank comparison table, with the western captain included in a frame.

Captain The word captain is derived from the Latin for "chief". Early companies were commanded by a captain, and to this day in German, captain and company commander are the same word. The word consists of the words "head" and "man", i.e., a person of eminence. In the past this was generally the title of chiefs and commanders. Nowadays, this title is found in the military ranks of all countries in the world, and it is generally used as the establishment rank of the company commander.

Lieutenant The word lieutenant is derived from the French word for "agent", "deputy". The first use of the term lieutenant as a military job title was in France, where in 1444 the French army referred to those who served as lieutenants as lieutenants. By the end of the 15th century, lieutenant became a substitute for deputy company commander. From the second half of the 17th century, lieutenant became the rank of the army, navy and air force in France and other countries. Nowadays, all countries in the world have this rank in the military rank, generally corresponds to the deputy company commander position, also some countries will lieutenant stipulated as the platoon commander of the establishment rank.

Ensign In ancient times, France called the infantry and cavalry officers in power as an ensign. From the outbreak of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789, second lieutenant was made the rank of the lowest officer in the French army. In Germany, the term second lieutenant evolved from the French word for "representative" around 1500. At first, the term was used to refer to the representatives of a military governor and other public officials, but from about the 18th century onwards, the lowest rank in the army was called second lieutenant. Nowadays, most countries in the world have the rank of second lieutenant in their rank system, but there are a few exceptions. For example, in Poland, the lowest rank for a lieutenant is lieutenant; in Romania, the rank of second lieutenant is reserved for women, and the lowest rank for a lieutenant is lieutenant for a male officer.

Warrant officer Warrant officer is derived from the Old Slavic word for "flag", which was first used in the Russian army in 1649 to refer to a "flag bearer" as a warrant officer. Warrant officers were usually appointed from among the bravest, fittest, and battle-tested soldiers. When Peter I established the regular army, he officially created the rank of warrant officer in 1712. The vast majority of the world's armies now have the rank of warrant officer, mostly as a transition between non-commissioned officer and commissioned officer, but a few countries include warrant officers in the officer or non-commissioned officer ranks. In China, the rank of warrant officer was introduced in the Qing army in 1909, and was then called "extra officer". Many countries now value the role of warrant officers and have categorized them into several grades, up to six, in order to address the issue of their proper compensation and treatment.

Non-commissioned officer The word "non-commissioned officer" is derived from the Latin word "staff" and is often used for military personnel. It was first introduced in France in the 15th century as a military rank for skilled and experienced soldiers. The title was later transferred to Germany, and in 1716 Peter I transplanted it to the Russian army, where it was used for more than 70 years before being abolished in 1789 as a rank between a squad leader and a chief of service.

Staff Sergeant Staff Sergeant is a combination of the German words "field" and "duty". The word "errand boy" is derived from the verb "to be in constant motion" and denotes those who run errands for their masters. In the mercenary army, the errand boy is the intermediary between the captain, the highest ranking officer in the squadron, and the soldiers, and is responsible for communicating up and down the line. There are two types of messengers: field messengers and general messengers. A field errand boy is appointed by his superiors, while an ordinary errand boy is chosen from among the soldiers every month.

Sergeant Sergeant is derived from the Latin word for "servant". It was first introduced as a military rank in the French army in the 15th century, then in the German and British armies, and was added to the Russian regular army in 1716. The rank of sergeant was later adopted by the armies of many countries as the first rank for junior army commanders.

Corporal Corporal is derived from the Italian word for "squad leader". The title of corporal was first mentioned in the Russian army order of 1647, "General Rules and Strategies of Infantry Training", and was included in the 17th rank in the "Table of Ranks" in 1722. Corporal in German is a combination of the words "flag" and "nobleman's son". In the past, the nobility sent their sons into the army from an early age in order to train them as officers. Because they were born into a wealthy family, they were given a special right to hold the flag in the army, so they were called "the nobleman's son who holds the flag", which was abolished after the defeat of the Prussian army by Napoleon in 1806, and was re-established by Wilhelm II in 1899 as a first-class title in the military rank.

Superior Private The term "superior" is of French origin. The French army used to provide that knights who lost their horses in battle were temporarily placed under the command of the infantry to perform infantry duties, but retained their knighthood and pay and were exempt from menial work. These exempted knights were later called privates, and in the early 17th century, privates were introduced as a rank in companies in Germany. Privates were selected from among experienced and reliable soldiers to perform heavier duties such as sentry duty, escorting prisoners, and sometimes deputizing for squad leaders in their absence.

Private The word private is derived from the German words "free" and "liberated", meaning "liberated". In the mercenary army of the 17th century, private was the name given to older, reliable soldiers who were relieved of lowly, heavy duties, and in 1859, the title of private appeared in the Prussian artillery, between private and private. In World War II, when German soldiers were required to serve for up to 12 years, there was a need to increase the level of rank among the soldiers, and the rank of Private III was added, bringing the rank of soldiers to four.

Private 1722 afternoon January 24, Peter I promulgated the "Table of Ranks" in the Russian army for the first time to set this rank. The Soviet Red Army in 1935 when the implementation of the rank system, the first set of "Red Army soldiers" title, November 2, 1940 was changed to the rank of Private, for the lowest rank in the soldier's title. 1950s when the Chinese army to implement the rank system also has this title.