What are the characteristics of Meizhou's mountain songs?

Hakka Mountain Songs Origin and Flow Mountain songs are a kind of folk songs. Since ancient times, folk songs are general public song, is the people's oral creation, oral singing, constantly modified, circulating in the folk, so collectively referred to as "folk songs". According to historical records, about the beginning of the pre-Qin and Qin Dynasties (Xia, Shang and Zhou), China's first "poetry collection", that is, the end of the Spring and Autumn Period by Confucius deletion of the "Classic of Poetry", which "fifteen national winds", that is, the folk songs, but at that time there was no "mountain song" of the title. But at that time, there was no such thing as "mountain song". The name of the song was first seen in the Tang Dynasty. For example, in the poem of Bai Juyi, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, there are already "mountain song of apes alone", "there is no mountain song and village flute" and so on; Li Yi's poem also has "mountain song smell bamboo branches" and other lines. The story of Liu Sanmei, a song fairy in Meizhou, also happened during the Shenlong period of the Tang Dynasty. The correlation between the two shows that the popularity of "Hakka Mountain Song" in Meizhou was at that time. Therefore, the legend of "Liu Sanmei and Xucai Singing" is still going strong. Combined with the Hakka origin, the Hakka ancestors moved southward from the Central Plains since the two Jin dynasties, and their ancestors lived in Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi and other places. It is the Yellow River and Yangtze River Basin where the "fifteen national styles" were popularized. The rhetorical techniques of Hakka songs are inherited from the "fifteen national styles" of the Book of Songs, with "fugue, comparison, and rising" as the main techniques and "overlapping phrases" as the main techniques, especially "overlapping phrases", and "overlapping phrases" as the main techniques. It is based on "fugue, comparison and rising" and often uses "overlapping chapters and phrases", especially "puns", and focuses on lyricism. Only by a first four sentences, each sentence four words, the development of each four sentences each sentence seven words; and rhetorical techniques have remained unchanged. It is also characterized by "easy to understand, vivid images and catchy rhymes". "Hakka songs are also mostly lyrical love songs, and among the nearly 10,000 songs collected in Meizhou in 1986, love songs accounted for about 80%. This is also a testimony to the fact that the "fifteen national styles" and "love songs are the mainstay" of the Hakka folk songs. Of course, in the process of its development, due to the long-term relationship with local natives, it also absorbed the advantages of folk songs of various ethnic groups and folk families. For example, the use of "puns" is similar to the ancient Jiangnan "Wu Song". In terms of the form of mountain song activities, it is also influenced by the southern ethnic minorities in the form of song pairing and song fighting. "Hakka songs have a history of more than a thousand years since the Tang Dynasty. After continuous development, the form is diversified and rich in content, in addition to "love songs", there are labor songs, persuasive songs, industry songs, juggling songs, show-off songs, false and mysterious songs, pulling over songs, riddle songs and guessing tunes, ditties, bamboo songs, etc. The structure of the lyrics of various songs is more or less the same. The structure of various lyrics is more or less the same, four lines per song, seven words per line, and the first, second and fourth lines are mostly in plain rhyme. But the singing tune is different from place to place, only the Meizhou mountain song singing there are nearly a hundred kinds of other folk ditties *** there are more than two hundred kinds of folk ditties. From a general point of view, have a strong local characteristics, Hakka flavor. Its artistic characteristics, first, the lyrics structure is rigorous; Second, the rhyme requirement is more strict; Third, the lyrics attention to the image; Fourth, the use of Hakka colloquialisms; Fifth, the rhetorical techniques are diversified, commonly used fugue, than, Xing, chapter stacked phrases, especially to the puns long. The above five aspects are the basic requirements of Hakka songs and its artistic characteristics. Therefore, it can be unique in China's folk songs, and spread to all parts of the country and overseas Hakka settlements. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the encouragement of the people's government at all levels, the Meizhou Hakka songs have been further inherited and developed. By the past secretly sung in the mountains, into the public singing in public; activity form also by solo, singing, the development of public "fight"; also by the development of mountain songs for mountain opera, a new local theater. 1983 Mid-Autumn Festival, Meixian County, Meixian County, the region held in the Mountain Song Competition, selection of "mountain singer". In 1983, the Meixian District held a district-wide mountain song competition in Meixian, selecting "mountain singers" and "excellent mountain singers", and deciding that the Mid-Autumn Festival would be the "Mountain Song Festival" every year. Characteristics of Hakka Mountain Songs Hakka Mountain Songs is a popular art form of Meizhou people with local characteristics. It contains the rhythms of the music of the Central Plains, but also reveals the characteristics of the indigenous music of Lingnan, most of which are more high-pitched, with freer rhythms and a strong flavor of mountain songs, which are quite interesting. Hakka songs are colorful and popular in the city's counties, the counties have different styles and characteristics of the singing of mountain songs, in a county in the mountain songs, and there are several different cadences. Mountain songs can be talented mountain singers, the use of a basic cadence, with the changes in content and sing different feelings, tunes have changed, that is, that is, the scene, the export of songs, with the editing and singing, the answer. The following is an introduction to the city's counties more characteristic of the singing of mountain songs: First, Meixian Mountain Song: Meixian County Mountain Song is more characteristic of the "Songkou Mountain Song". Songkou mountain song tunes are colorful, cavity plate variety. In the men and women singing songs, generally after singing the horn into the soft and gentle mountain song board. Second, xingning city mountain song: xingning city mountain song Luo Gang mountain song, stone horse mountain song, water mouth mountain song. Characteristic is the stone horse mountain song "new embroidered purse two sides red", funny and humorous, cavity plate feather modulation, singing tune features obvious. Wuhua County Mountain Songs: Wuhua County Mountain Songs include Huacheng Mountain Songs, Shuizhai Mountain Songs, Anliu Mountain Songs, Shangshan Mountain Songs, Qiaogang Mountain Songs, Changbu Mountain Songs and so on. The characteristic one is Wuhua Changbu Mountain Song "Singing on Shima Peak", with a wide range, loose structure, rhythm and staccato, such as running clouds and flowing water. Fourth, Jiaoling County Mountain Songs: In Jiaoling County, there are Jiaocheng Mountain Songs, Sanjian Mountain Blade Mountain Songs, Xinpu Mountain Songs, Changtan Mountain Songs, etc. The characteristic is Changtan Mountain Songs. Characterized by Changtan mountain song "Changtan line out of Gongwangpi", both the characteristics of Hunan tone, more lyrical and beautiful, and more to express the grievances, the rhythm will be compressed, but also to express the mood of joy. Fifth, Tai Po County Mountain Songs: Tai Po County Mountain Songs in Pubei Mountain Songs, Sanhe Mountain Songs, Chaoyang Mountain Songs, West River Mountain Songs and so on. Characterized by the West River Mountain Song "Wu Wu Chih Chih, but also over the sweet", more beautiful and lyrical, falling tone in the Gong mode, the tone is brighter, stretching. Sixth, Pingyuan County Mountain Songs: Pingyuan County Mountain Songs include Dazhe Mountain Songs, Shangshanblade Mountain Songs, Hetian Mountain Songs and Batou Mountain Songs. The most distinctive one is the Shangshanblade Mountain Song, "Shangshanblade Won't Have to Shake Slowly", which conveys the mood of labor and is interesting and distinctive. Seven, Fengshun County Mountain Songs: Fengshun County Mountain Songs include Ma Zhuli Mountain Songs, Pan Tian Mountain Songs, Tangkeng Mountain Songs, Fengliang Mountain Songs, etc. The characteristic one is Fengshun County's new Mountain Songs, "No Tree on the Heart Turns Into a Deserted Heart". It is in the levy mode, cheerful and malleable, and can be shifted to enrich the musical image. The above is a brief introduction to the characteristic songs of each county. Hakka songs are mainly in the feather mode, roughly divided into: (1) color area along the river (including Meixian, Xingning, Jialing, as well as along the Meijiang River to the Hanjiang River along the territory of Tai Po, Fengshun); (2) Xingping color area (including Xingning, Pingyuan); (3) color area of Wuhua; (4) the color area of Tai Po. The second is the levistic Fengshun color area and Tai Po color area. Hakka songs due to differences in language and habits of life, remote areas or the influence of neighboring provinces and the formation of their respective styles and characteristics of the mountain songs.