Characteristics of the layout of ancient palaces in China

1, axisymmetric: In order to show the hierarchical concept that the monarch obeys heaven and imperial power as the core, the palace building adopts a strict axisymmetric layout. The buildings on the central axis are tall and gorgeous, and the buildings on both sides of the axis are low and quaint. This obvious contrast reflects the supremacy of imperial power; The vertical axis is far-reaching, showing the dignity and luxury of the palace.

2. Respecting ancestors and caring for others: an important content of Chinese etiquette thought is respecting ancestors and advocating filial piety; Sacrifice to the god of land and food. There is food only when there is land. "Food is the most important thing for the people", "If there is food, it will be safe, and if there is no food, it will be chaotic". It is a natural truth that the weather is beautiful and the country is peaceful and the people are safe. Zuo Zu You She embodies these thoughts. According to Zhou Li Chun Guan Xiao Zongbo, "the throne of the founding of the People's Republic of China is the right country and the left ancestral temple". When the Forbidden City was established, it basically followed the principle of "left ancestors and right houses". The ancestral hall should be located in the east or southeast of the whole city, and the social altar should be located in the west or southwest. This practice has been inherited. The so-called "Zuo Zu" is to set up an ancestral temple in the left front of the palace. The ancestral temple is the place where the emperor offered sacrifices to his ancestors. Because it is the ancestral hall of the son of heaven, it is called the ancestral hall. The so-called "right club" is to set up a social altar in the right front of the palace. Community is land, and millet is food. Shetan is a place where emperors offer sacrifices to land gods and food gods.

3. The former dynasty is the place where the emperor went to the court to manage politics and hold ceremonies. Because it is located in the front of the whole building complex, it is called "front yard". The back bedroom is where the emperor, concubines and their children live and live. Because it is located at the back of the building complex, it is called the "back bedroom".

4. Three Dynasties and Five Gates: According to the different contents of the government affairs, they were held in halls of different sizes. Since ancient times, there have been three kinds of activity halls in North Korea, which are called "three dynasties system". The so-called "three dynasties" refer to the great dynasty, the inner dynasty and the outer dynasty. The buildings corresponding to the three dynasties are Fengtian Hall (Hall of Supreme Harmony), Gaihua Hall (Hall of Zhonghe) and Shenshen Hall (Hall of Baohe). "Five-door system" means that in front of the palace courtyard where large-scale courtship activities are held, four courtyards are composed of five doors and ancillary buildings along the central axis as the leading space in front of the dynasty palace. These five gates are the palace gate (Fengtian Gate or Taihe Gate), the palace gate (noon gate), the Miyagi faucet gate (end gate), the imperial city gate (Tiananmen Gate) and the imperial city faucet gate (Qing Gate) from the inside out.

Compared with ordinary buildings, palace buildings play a more obvious and prominent role in symbolizing and marking the traditional ritual system, with centralized political system and strict hierarchical concept, in which the ideas of yin and yang, five elements, harmony between man and nature, patriarchal clan belief and so on are implemented. Therefore, palace architecture often becomes the symbol of traditional etiquette.