Reflections and Suggestions on Key Issues of Smart Education

With the wide application of information technology in education, new terms such as education informatization, education modernization, smart education and smart campus have appeared in the public's view one after another, but many researchers have started to carry out the road of sensational reforms before they have clarified the relationship and differences between these terms, such as some people think that as long as the construction of the education cloud platform, smart campus, etc., education is achieved change and innovation, it has realized education informatization and intelligent education, in fact, this is a wrong understanding, which shows that many educators do not have a clear understanding of education informatization and intelligent education. Therefore, it is necessary for us to explore the relationship between education informatization and intelligent education, and at the same time, we should also think y about the key issues of intelligent education.

Education informatization refers to the comprehensive and in-depth use of modern information technology in the field of education to promote educational reform and development. At present, there are two very different approaches to the development of education informatization. One is the application of technology in accordance with the needs of the original education system. This is the informatization of the original education system, which is to affix technology to education and teaching. This practice, more often than not, improves the efficiency of education and teaching, and on the basis of improved efficiency, to a certain extent, it can solve some of the quality problems. For example, in management, through the application of information technology, all kinds of information will be brought together, according to the work needs to access the required information, especially through the mobile terminal, without carrying any paper materials, you can access the required information at any time and any place, greatly improving the efficiency of management work. In teaching, relevant learning is provided to teachers and students in a timely manner, greatly improving the efficiency of teaching and learning. This practice, in addition to improving efficiency, is a change in the way information and resources are accessed from the perspective of facilitating access to information and resources. This kind of change, in the management of the work of the role is more visible, but in teaching and learning, although there is a certain role, but not enough to produce a subversive effect. This is because the main reason for poor teaching and learning is that there are problems in the way teachers teach and students learn, in the way they think, in the way they learn, or even in the way their teaching objectives are positioned. In this case, no matter how through information technology can not solve the quality problem, which requires the study of new ideas, ways and means of teaching and learning, or even repositioning the learning objectives. However, under conventional conditions, it is difficult to find new ideas and methods for most problems. In the absence of new means and conditions, it is almost impossible to find new ideas and new methods that can be operated.

Another approach to informatization of education is to make full use of "Internet+", big data, artificial intelligence, virtual simulation and other technologies under the condition of information technology to explore new ideas and methods of education for the bottlenecks in education and teaching, and then apply information technology to build an effective support environment to implement the new ideas and methods according to the needs of the new ideas and new methods. support environment to implement the new education system. This approach, it is possible to fundamentally solve the core bottleneck problem of education and teaching, is the real education information technology, it is possible to realize the wisdom of education.

Regarding the concept of intelligent education, there are different opinions. Professor Zhu Zhiting pointed out that intelligent education is through the use of intelligent technology (dexterity technology) to build an intelligent environment, allowing teachers and students to exercise dexterity teaching and learning methods, so that it is possible to change from impossible to possible, from small to large, so as to cultivate a good value orientation, higher quality of thinking and strong ability to perform as a talent. Professor Huang Ronghuai pointed out that smart education is the high-end form of education informatization, which is a kind of educational behavior (system) with high learning experience, high content adaptability and high teaching efficiency provided by schools, regions or countries, which can provide a series of differentiated support and on-demand services for students, teachers and parents by using modern science and technology and comprehensively collect and utilize the state data of the participant groups and the educational and teaching process data to promote equity and continuously improve performance. data to promote equity, continuously improve performance and nurture educational excellence. From the above two definitions of smart education, we can see that information technology provides a strong guarantee for the realization of smart education, and provides an effective way for students' personalized learning and the cultivation of innovation. In this paper, we believe that smart education refers to the fact that with the support of information technology such as "Internet+", big data, artificial intelligence, virtual simulation, etc., students can take the initiative to learn, learn according to their own needs, learn in a way that suits their needs, find a learning environment that suits their needs, find a partner who is most suitable for their needs, and get help from their teachers, and gradually develop their own personalized learning abilities. They can learn according to their own needs, learn in a way that suits them, find the learning environment that suits them, find the most suitable partner to learn with, get the most suitable teacher to help them learn, and gradually develop systematic and innovative thinking skills. Under the perspective of intelligent education, it can monitor and control the whole process of education and teaching in real time, maximize the rational and balanced allocation of educational resources such as teachers, facilities and equipment, and venues; it can provide the teaching wisdom of excellent teachers and the learning experience of typical students to every student and teacher in real time, and change the shape of the supply of high-quality educational wisdom, etc. Therefore, the core feature of intelligent education is that it is the most suitable way to learn. Therefore, the core features of wisdom education are students' wisdom growth, teachers' wisdom teaching, students' wisdom learning, administrators' wisdom management, teachers' wisdom growth, and school and family wisdom communication.

The realization of wisdom education requires changing the traditional education model and building a wisdom education model. Wisdom education includes wisdom learning, wisdom teaching, wisdom management, wisdom training, etc. The basis for realizing wisdom education is the wisdom education model, including elements of wisdom teaching, wisdom learning, wisdom management and wisdom training, as shown in Figure 1. The model is based on the framework of cultivating students' comprehensive problem-solving ability, disciplinary literacy and diversified wisdom, utilizing technology to build an effective learning environment to better accomplish teaching activities and enable students' wisdom to develop in a long and diversified way. Smart learning means that students, with the support of smart learning system, can dynamically grasp their own academic level and learning ability, locate the appropriate learning level in the learning of different course contents, choose the appropriate learning mode, get the most suitable learning environment and conditions, find the best partners, get the most effective teachers' guidance and help, etc. to complete the learning activities, and do the most effective learning activities within the limited time. In the limited time, students can do the most effective learning activities, which in turn can help them establish correct outlook on life and values, improve their character, construct a complete system of subject knowledge and ability, form a systematic thinking ability, especially the ability to think creatively and the ability to discriminate between good and evil, and develop their diversified wisdom greatly. Intelligent teaching means that teachers can dynamically monitor the learning status of each student and, according to the students' situation, guide, organize and instruct students to locate the appropriate learning level, choose the appropriate learning mode, find the appropriate learning environment, provide effective learning guidance, establish the appropriate learning group, and establish the appropriate learning group through the "Internet+", big data, virtual simulation and artificial intelligence.

Internet+, big data, virtual simulation and artificial intelligence technologies, to provide each student with a personalized learning network and regulation system to help students carry out personalized learning at any time and anywhere.

Second, the basic idea of intelligent education

In accordance with the needs of the original education system, the direct application of information technology, in the management of the work will produce obvious results. However, it is very difficult to cause revolutionary changes in teaching and learning. Therefore, according to this approach, it is very unlikely to realize intelligent education through information technology. In the work of education and teaching, only by adopting the second path of informatization implementation, there is a real possibility of realizing intelligent education through informatization.

After choosing the correct path of education informatization, the next question is how to realize wisdom education through education informatization. Specifically, it is the role of education informatization from which aspects of education and teaching can realize wisdom education.

To answer this question, from what kind of education is the wisdom of education, to identify the bottlenecks in the realization of wisdom of education, to explore new ideas to solve these problems, new methods (new education); to find out the implementation of new ideas, new methods encountered in the conditions of the obstacles; on this basis, the systematic study of informatization how to provide the implementation of the education of new ideas, new methods of the new conditions required.

What kind of education is the realization of intelligent education? Now, most evaluation standards focus more on the environment, equipment, teachers and other aspects, these are the basic conditions, not the core symbol. The core mark of intelligent education should be based on the results of students' training and the advantages and disadvantages of the learning process. Among them, the crucial measurement basis should be the learning process of students. Specifically, the wisdom of education is truly realized, from the students' point of view, is that students identify, active learning, can learn according to their own needs, can learn in accordance with their own way of learning, can find the most suitable learning conditions to complete the learning activities, can find the most suitable teachers to guide, organize, guide their own completion of the learning activities, can find the most suitable partners *** with the completion of the learning activities, etc. The first thing I want to do is to make sure that I have a good understanding of what I'm doing.

To realize such an education is almost impossible under conventional conditions. Nowadays, in most cases, a teacher faces at least 40 students, and it is basically impossible to realize that each student can carry out learning activities in accordance with the appropriate way, the appropriate conditions, the appropriate teacher, and the appropriate partners. The difficulties commonly encountered in the existing organizational form of schools include: (1) students' interest in learning is not activated to the highest point, and therefore learning cannot be optimized; (2) the teacher has designed the teaching process, and all students are carrying out their learning activities according to a uniform process. The instructional process designed by the teacher is, at best, designed to meet the needs of as many students as possible, and in any case is unlikely to meet the individual needs of each student. As a result, classroom teaching is basically planned and seriously lacking in individualization; (3) the best teachers can only serve the students in the class for which they are responsible, and it is impossible for them to serve students in other classes, so teaching cannot be highly balanced; (4) whether it is the teachers' improvement of teaching, or the improvement of management work by administrators at all levels, most of them, like Chinese medicine practitioners, rely more on their experience, and look and smell and check, as a way of judging the general situation of classroom teaching, and the management work. The overall situation of classroom teaching, management work, and so on. Each student's learning process is good or bad, the specific quality of each job is difficult to accurately judge, therefore, unable to make accurate regulation and management; (5) students' systematic thinking ability, innovative thinking ability to cultivate a general lack of. Most of the teaching, more to help students to complete the learning of knowledge and the formation of skills, systematic thinking ability and innovative thinking ability cultivation is very lacking.

In summary, education informatization should focus on the above core bottlenecks in realizing intelligent education, and should provide all-round support for the construction of a new education that can solve education bottlenecks. Education informatization is not the ultimate goal, just the way and means, through education informatization to build a new education system, to solve the bottlenecks encountered in the realization of wisdom education, and then realize the wisdom of education is the ultimate goal. Therefore, the fundamental purpose of education informatization is to transform education, transformation of learning, only to achieve the transformation, is the real education informatization, is the real realization of wisdom education, as shown in Figure 2.

Three, realize the effective path of wisdom education

A realize the effective path of wisdom learning

To build the effective path of wisdom learning, we are the main thing is to find the essential problems that exist in students' learning in general, and find out the ideas and methods of cracking the essential problems in response to these problems. We believe that the prevailing problems in current learning mainly include students' low recognition of what they have learned, the lack of precise regulation of the learning process, the lack of personalization of the planned classroom, the general lack of innovation and systematic thinking ability, and the difficulty of obtaining the best teacher and the best partner. In view of these problems, this study believes that a new education system should be explored to solve the essential problems of teaching and learning with the technical support of "Internet+", big data, virtual simulation and artificial intelligence. On this basis, the new education system should be promoted in a comprehensive way, as shown in Figure 3. Among them, the library of student training objectives is the kernel of intelligent education, and the big data of student learning can provide teachers with feedback on learning results, as well as a way or means to regulate and manage the learning process.

1. Define the kernel of intelligent education, cultivate intelligent people

The core of intelligent education is to cultivate intelligent people. In conventional teaching, most of the new knowledge we learn is directly taught by teachers, and students are not clear about why they are learning this knowledge and what problems they can solve after learning this knowledge, so it leads to most students' disagreement with the knowledge, and even a sense of confusion. Based on this situation, this study believes that we can start from the following two aspects: on the one hand, we can create a situation for students with the help of information technology means; on the other hand, we have to reduce the knowledge, transfer the knowledge to the students in the form of tasks or problems, and guide the students to construct the basic knowledge system of the discipline in the process of completing the tasks or problems, and in the process of solving the problems, to form the problem-solving method system and disciplinary ability system, and finally cultivate students' wisdom, as shown in Figure 4.

2. Establish learning big data, build education regulation system

On the basis of the disciplinary training target library, establish learning big data for each student, specifically including whether all the problems and tasks in the target library of each knowledge point can be solved or completed, the degree of completeness of the corresponding methodological system construction, and the way of learning for each task or problem, the corresponding methodological system, and so on. Based on the big data of students' learning, establish micro-regulation of students' learning for each knowledge point, help students adjust their learning level and learning mode in time, so that students can find the learning level and mode suitable for themselves; teachers regulate the overall learning situation of the whole class, and provide students with the learning road network and the suggested learning mode in time according to the overall learning situation of the whole class, so as to truly pass the big data and the "Internet +" to realize the precise regulation and management of teaching and learning, specifically as shown in Figure 5.

3. Establish a smart learning road network and change the shape of resource supply

When students are learning a certain knowledge, it is impossible for them to get the guidance and help from the teachers who are most suitable for them at anytime and anywhere. Under normal circumstances, the teacher in the classroom to face the whole class of students, can only choose to fit the majority of students learning activities of the unified teaching mode, in any case, can not be done according to the teaching. After class, students are even more unable to get the teacher's personalized guidance and help, it is also very difficult to find the best learning partners **** with the exchange. It can be seen that under regular teaching conditions, it is impossible to solve the problem of high level of equalization. With the help of "Internet +", big data, virtual simulation and artificial intelligence and other technologies, in accordance with the needs of different learning styles such as listening to lectures, self-directed learning and inquiry for each knowledge point, the classification of the establishment of a personalized learning road network, including support resources and tools, teachers' hierarchical explanations and guided microclasses, students' learning experience sharing microclasses, etc., to change the high-quality The supply pattern of teachers' teaching wisdom and students' typical learning experience is changed, and the teaching wisdom and learning experience of the best teachers and the best partners are deposited in the learning road network, so that high-quality teachers' resources and typical students' learning experience can be provided to all the needy students at anytime and anywhere to the maximum extent. Only in this way can we realize the "Internet Plus" way of thinking, can really bring a profound revolution in education, specifically as shown in Figure 6.

Two effective paths to realize wisdom training

Wisdom education is mainly manifested as an educational realm, should be permeated in the education teaching, teachers as the direct embodiment of the purpose, meaning and mission of education, bearers and practitioners, is the most important role in the practice of wisdom education. Teacher training is an effective way to enhance the development of teachers' professional capacity, and plays an important role in the implementation of the concept of wisdom education. The Guidance of the Ministry of Education on Deepening the Reform of Primary and Secondary School Teacher Training Models to Comprehensively Improve Training Quality (Teachers [2013] No. 6) suggests that "localities should actively promote the construction of teachers' web-based training communities, and promote the blended learning that combines teachers' online and offline training, and the combination of virtual learning and teaching practice". As a result, this study believes that the realization of intelligent training can start from the following aspects.

1. Define the direction of modern teacher competency training

The core issues focused on by smart education mainly include students' disagreement with knowledge, lack of personalization in the classroom, lack of precise regulation of the learning process, and difficulty in obtaining the best teacher and the best partner, etc., so the direction of the teacher competency training should be targeted. The direction of teacher training includes knowledge reduction, environment preparation, guidance and instruction, and testing and evaluation. Knowledge reduction is aimed at the phenomenon of students' low recognition of knowledge, and mainly improves teachers' ability to reduce knowledge to problems and tasks; environment preparation is aimed at the lack of personalization in the classroom, and mainly guides teachers on how to build a personalized learning environment so as to realize students' personality development; guidance and instruction is aimed at the problem of students' difficulty in getting the best teachers and the best partners, and mainly cultivates teachers on how to organize, Guidance and guidance for students, so that they get the best help; detection and evaluation for the lack of accurate regulation of the learning process, mainly to train teachers how to monitor and evaluate the quality of student learning and behavioral status data, as shown in Figure 7.

2. Constructing online and offline hybrid training system

The hybrid learning model in this study refers to a model that integrates online training and traditional face-to-face instruction under the support of information technology, so as to achieve mutually complementary and integrated training, and it mainly includes four modules: online training, communication and discussion, teaching observation, and collective lesson planning. Online training mainly allows teachers to register for an account, watch excellent teaching cases online and complete online training, or use a large number of high-quality resources on the network to complete independent training; teaching observation mainly refers to the teachers to personally observe the practice, and learn teaching experience and skills from teaching; exchange and discussion is the teachers to **** for the problems, organized together to carry out targeted training activities; collective lesson planning is to Teaching and research group as a unit, organizing teachers to collectively study the standard and teaching materials, analysis of the learning situation and feedback on teaching practice and other activities.

3. Establishing a Smart Training System

The Smart Teacher Training System includes several modules, including network infrastructure, software support tools, regional balanced management, resources generated by the wisdom of teachers and the wisdom of students, teaching models, and an education cloud public **** service platform. Relying on cloud computing technology, Internet+, big data and virtual simulation, and with the help of software support toolsets and network infrastructure, the Smart Teacher Training Platform realizes the enhancement of teachers' professional competence with the participation of schools, subject leaders and teachers***, as shown in Figure 9. Through recording and broadcasting classrooms, multimedia classrooms and resources, etc., quality resources are generated to realize large-scale replication and *** enjoyment of quality resources.

Three Effective Paths to Realize Wisdom Management

Wisdom management should start from two aspects, on the one hand, focusing on the problems existing in teaching management; on the other hand, exploring an effective path from management to governance. Practice shows that in teaching management there are students learning quality, daily behavior monitoring and evaluation difficulties; teachers teaching, management level monitoring and evaluation difficulties; teachers, teachers and parents, teachers and students, managers and teachers, managers and parents, management and school communication is not timely and smooth; managers timely understanding of the school, the regional education situation difficulties; education running state timely warning, dynamic scientific decision-making difficulties. The difficulty of timely early warning of the state of education operation, dynamic scientific decision-making, and so on. For these problems, if we simply through the management is very difficult to solve the problem from the root, so we have to explore a management to governance from the transformation of information technology path. This study believes that the direction of information technology system construction to realize the transformation from management to governance can be considered from four perspectives, as shown in Figure 10.

As shown in Figure 10, this intelligent management system can provide four core functions, namely pooling data, standardizing processes, early warning and decision support. Pooling data is mainly the use of big data technology to collect various types of data in education and teaching, so as to comprehensively understand the state of education; standardize the process mainly refers to the standardization of workflow, support for business process innovation; early warning and decision-making refers to the dynamic monitoring of the school, the Education Bureau and the relevant departments of the operational status, to provide a full range of support for the management of all levels of scientific decisions, the rational allocation of resources and optimization of management. The key to smart management is to be able to connect all of them in accordance with the various workflows of the education-related departments.

The realization of intelligent education can not be separated from the support of information technology, in fact, the essence of education is a special service, the progress of information technology for the intelligent level of education services to create the conditions. Under the support of cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things and other information technology, intelligent education realizes the following 3 changes:

1. Changing the way of acquiring knowledge and information

Transforming knowledge and information into electronic resources, through search engines, e-books, etc., to help students and teachers to quickly access knowledge and information, change the way of acquiring knowledge and information, and improve the efficiency of knowledge presentation. This way, whether students learn by themselves, or teachers explain, have a very direct and obvious role.

2. Change the shape of knowledge presentation

Most of the knowledge in science, engineering, agriculture, medicine and other disciplines is to learn the natural phenomena, laws of nature, and the application of these laws to solve practical problems. The learning of this knowledge is usually presented through abstract text, combined with graphic images and so on. Knowledge presented in this way is very difficult for students to understand on their own. It is also very difficult for students to understand knowledge through teachers' explanations. 100 students listening to teachers' explanations may have 100 different understandings. The best way to make knowledge easy to understand is to present it directly to the students as it is. However, it is almost impossible to present the original face of knowledge directly under conventional conditions. Therefore, the use of multimedia, virtual simulation, virtual reality, augmented reality and other technologies, the abstract knowledge into an intuitive and vivid form, for teachers to explain and students to understand the role of the teacher is very obvious.

For example, for the learning of the working principle of induction cooker. There is no fire, no resistance wire, how electricity becomes heat? For many students, through the books or the teacher's original way of explaining, it is very difficult to understand. The best way is, through virtual simulation technology, directly simulate the induction cooker switch on the electromagnetic field, put on the copper pot, aluminum pots, ceramic pots and so on without any reaction, put on the iron pot, stainless steel pots and pans immediately produce vortex, vortex flow so that the pot heated. Through the application of such technology, both student learning, or teacher explanation, have become very easy.

3. Changing knowledge learning

A look at the simple knowledge does not need to explore, difficult and complex knowledge of the most need to explore. Inquiry is to stimulate students' desire to know, the formation of systematic thinking ability, especially the most effective way of innovative thinking ability. Inquiry requires an environment and tools, relying only on books, conventional teaching aids and experimental environment is difficult to provide the necessary conditions for inquiry. Therefore, with the help of virtual simulation, virtual reality and augmented reality and other technologies, can provide the necessary conditions and environment for inquiry.

The tools for inquiry provided by virtual simulation, virtual reality, augmented reality and other technologies can be divided into 2 levels. First, the reality of the environment is presented to provide a basic practical environment for inquiry, to help students fully understand the actual scene of the generation of knowledge, to provide the necessary context and clues for inquiry. Specific realization of 3D context roaming, 3D virtual simulation, augmented reality and so on. The second is the actual investigation of the operating environment simulation, to provide a basic operating environment for the investigation. Specific realization methods include virtual simulation tools and augmented reality tools two.

For example, take the learning of the law of plane mirror imaging as an example. If students are allowed to study the book directly, or teachers speak directly to the students, for most students do not necessarily like to learn. The best way is to let students have the opportunity to directly explore, through the investigation, summarize and generalize the law of plane mirror imaging. But this is difficult to operate under conventional conditions, with the help of virtual simulation and artificial intelligence technology, simulated tools and environment for investigation, so that students have the opportunity to go directly to the summary of the imaging law of plane mirrors, for students to explore the learning, it becomes very easy.