Seek and reflect on Shanxi folk customs! Still feeling!

Shanxi, located in the Loess Plateau in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, has formed its unique folk customs due to the historical and geographical environment.

Experts call it "Yellow River Culture" or "Loess Culture", and this unique culture has now become a precious tourism resource.

In Shanxi, rich traditional culture is embodied in three existing folk museums. This is Xinzhou land.

Dingxiang County Riverside Folk Museum, Jinzhong District Qixian Qiaojiabao Folk Museum, Xiangfan District.

Ding Cun Folk Museum in Fenxian County. These three folk museums reflect the northern Shanxi, Jinzhong and Shanxi provinces.

Folk culture in southern China. The display in the museum introduces the folk customs in the above areas of Shanxi: etiquette, wedding and funeral customs.

, eating customs, living customs, trade customs, production customs, taboo customs and a series of customs. Reflect vividly

The industrious and intelligent Shanxi people work, produce and live on the Loess Plateau. Visit three folk museums.

Museum, you can have a more comprehensive understanding of Shanxi folk culture and leave a deep impression.

Shanxi, as one of the birthplaces of the ancient Chinese nation, the working people have created splendid culture and civilization. end

It has become the pursuit and creation of beautiful things. Tourists can see the Spring Festival and Spring Festival in Shanxi during their travels.

On the15th day of this month, the Lantern Festival, the dragon heads up in Tomb-Sweeping Day on February 2nd, and the Duanyang Festival and the Double Ninth Festival are held.

You can see a series of festivals in Shanxi, such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month, the Dragon Head Up on February 2nd, and the Qing Dynasty.

In the folk Spring Festival in Shaanxi and Zheng Zheng, we can see a series of festivals, such as "Treading Songs", "Duanyang" and "Double Ninth Festival" in Ming Dynasty.

On the15th day of this month, the Lantern Festival, the dragon heads up in Tomb-Sweeping Day on February 2nd, and the Duanyang Festival and the Double Ninth Festival are held.

You can see a series of festivals in Shanxi, such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month, the Dragon Head Up on February 2nd, and the Qing Dynasty.

Visit Nanshanji, Beixingji and Riverside Folk Museum to learn about folk customs in northern Shaanxi.

New thinking of Shanxi folk tourism

Abstract: Folk tourism is becoming a high-level cultural tourism. Shanxi folk tourism resources are rich, unique and regional, but its development has not yet formed a pillar field of tourism. This paper analyzes the advantages, present situation and how to innovate and develop folk tourism resources in Shanxi in order to promote the development of folk tourism in Shanxi and improve tourism efficiency.

[Keywords:] folk tourism, development status, new thinking

Folk custom, that is, folk custom, is a life pattern passed down from generation to generation in social life and a collective habit of a social group in language, behavior and psychology. Folk-custom tourism is the sum total of cultural tourism activities in various places with regional folk customs as the main ornamental content. Folk tourism resources are tourism products that are protected and developed with the traditional customs of a specific region or a specific nation as resources.

1. Development advantages of Shanxi folk tourism resources

Folk tourism resources include diet, architecture, festive festivals, festivals, handicrafts, literature and art, local products and so on. Shanxi is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the cradle of ancient culture in China. Our ancestors created a world-famous and far-reaching history and culture on the land of Sanjin. Folk tourism resources are rich and colorful, and Shanxi folk customs are characterized by simple folk customs, distinctive local characteristics and rich and diverse resources.

1. 1 food folklore

Located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, Shanxi is one of the earliest and largest centers of agricultural origin in the world, and also the birthplace of China pasta culture. Nature has a soft spot for nature, making Sanjin the region with the most complete variety of miscellaneous grains in the world. The dietary customs of Shanxi people have a strong flavor of the Loess Plateau and traditional life characteristics, and its long history, rich connotation and profound accumulation have attracted worldwide attention.

Rich and varied pasta

Shanxi is rich in sorghum, naked oats, buckwheat, beans, corn, wheat, millet and other dozens of kinds of food, providing rich food. Through the ingenuity of peasant women, thousands of kinds of pasta can be made. Pasta in various shapes is delicious and attractive. More than a dozen kinds of noodle soup, such as Daoxiao Noodles, Tiaojian, Tiaopian and Tiaojian, are not only different in appearance and taste, but also more nutritious with dishes. Fried braised noodles: more than 20 kinds of Taikoo cakes, such as pancakes, fried dumplings with pot stickers, twists and oil cakes, enjoy a high reputation. They are crisp but not hard, and they are soft without peeling when eaten cold.

1. 1.2 delicious dishes

In Shanxi's eating habits, vegetables and staple foods appear at the same time. The dishes are not only rich in variety, but also delicious and refreshing. The most famous Shanxi specialties are: steamed crispy chicken in a big bowl, loose and fresh; Shanxi's oily meat won the gold medal in the cooking competition, which is refreshing enough and fresh enough; Pork noodles are crystal clear in appearance and taste oily but not greasy; Stewed dish is a local dish with Shanxi characteristics, which is made of vermicelli, potatoes and meatballs. Very delicious.

The special geographical conditions in Shanxi have given birth to rich and diverse wild vegetable resources, which are widely distributed, with high nutritional value, unique flavor and diverse eating methods, so wild vegetables are also one of the dishes with unique flavor in Shanxi. In the past, because there were no fresh vegetables in winter, we relied on pickles and sauerkraut to accompany our meals. All kinds of pickles and sauerkraut are almost a perennial necessity for Shanxi people.

1.2 Wedding, Funeral, Wedding and Lunar New Year Orders

1.2. 1 weddings and funerals

Birth, marriage and funeral are three major events in life, and Shanxi is no exception. For a long time, a grand ceremony has been formed and the activities are particularly exquisite. From birth, there are full moon, one hundred days, one year old, animal year and other festivals. Generally speaking, these festivals need invitations, gifts and dinners.

Marriage is the most important of the three major events, from blind date, betrothal, marriage to the ceremony of making love to the bride and going home, all of which are very grand and elegant.

Death is also a major event in life. Funerals in Shanxi are also unique, with many ceremonies and complexity. As far as clothing is concerned, people should prepare clothes for the four seasons before they die, embroidered with longevity flowers. At the funeral, the children and their young relatives were dressed in white from head to toe to show filial piety. Special products are also very particular. 12 bowls and 8 tables of rice are bright in color, rich in variety and unique in taste.

1.2.2 years old seasonal sequence

The folk customs of the four seasons are closely linked with the long-term agricultural society in China. With the climate change all the year round, the bumper harvest of crops and the needs of people's lives, a series of folk customs have gradually formed. There are mainly Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and Laba Festival. Although this is a typical China New Year season, the way to celebrate it is unique. For example, on the "Cold Food Festival" in Jinzhong, local people not only ban cold food and fire, but also make "cold dumplings" for children to eat and play with. Eat zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival in May; Be a face-to-face person on July 15; During the Lantern Festival, there are lantern riddles and fireworks. In addition, there are some unique festivals in Shanxi, such as Shangliang Festival and Oil Festival.

1.3 Folk architecture

Houses are closely related to people's mode of production, living characteristics and environment. When building a house, you should use local materials. Shanxi cave dwelling is the most typical and unique. Cave dwellings in the Loess Plateau are scattered in mountainous areas with large topographic relief. Using loess as material, dig caves near mountains or soil to avoid wind and sand, which is warm in winter and cool in summer.

Another form of Shanxi folk houses is compound. Siheyuan is a typical feature of Shanxi, and most of them are the residences of merchant families. Strong economic strength makes its housing large-scale, beautifully built, magnificent and patchwork. From the outside, it is majestic and tall, neat and dignified, with rows of houses in the courtyard; From the inside, it is magnificent and orderly, with pavilions and courtyards matching each other. Stone carvings, brick carvings and wood carvings can be seen everywhere in the existing courtyards, which are exquisite, rich in content, exquisite in patterns, exquisite in skills and rich in ideological connotations, reflecting the educational thoughts of Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and their people. For example, Ning Ruiju's stone carving "Lu Longmen" and Wang Family Courtyard "refer to the sunrise", which embodies the Confucian educational thought; And "the wet nurse is loyal to her relatives" embodies the traditional moral concept; These are all expectations and teachings for the younger generation.

1.4 craft

Folk embroidery in Shanxi has not only a long history, but also a wide range of themes, rich content, simple patterns, bright colors, simple composition, exaggerated modeling, correct stitches and exquisite embroidery, which embodies the characteristics of local customs and customs in Shanxi and its own unique artistic style. Folk embroidery is mainly divided into three categories: clothing, daily necessities and sacrificial supplies, such as neckline, cuffs, hats, insoles, quilts, pillows and purses. For example, insoles are often embroidered with patterns such as love, happiness and lotus.

Shanxi paper-cut is also widely circulated among the people, accompanied by birthdays, weddings and funerals, festive festivals and daily life. Paper-cutting used in life etiquette mainly expresses people's yearning and pursuit of beauty. For example, the word "hi" at marriage means adding joy to happiness. The paper-cutting in Luliang area is simple, rough and vigorous; Jinnan paper-cut knife and pen are vigorous and bright; The paper-cuts of Guangling and Lingqiu in Yanbei are dignified and gorgeous, which have both the interest beyond the Great Wall and the beauty inside. Jinzhong paper-cut is located in the hinterland of Shanxi Province, and its style is round and beautiful, delicate and fine.

Shanxi dough sculpture is also a kind of folk culture, which is called "flour flower" among the people. It is a token or symbol of ceremonies, New Year's Eve and other folk festivals as gifts, sacrifices, celebrations and decorations. There are many kinds of dough figurines with a wide range of subjects. It can be said that nature has everything, such as animals, plants and people, to symbolize all beauty, happiness and longevity, harmony and friendship.

Straw weaving is also a folk art in Shanxi. Straw materials come from nature, including wheat straw, wicker, corn husk, rattan and so on. Straw includes daily necessities and toy ornaments. In the folk, there are small ornaments to wear, small chess pieces to play with, cages and bamboo baskets for putting fruits. The big ones are laundry baskets, carrying baskets and so on. They are beautiful and vivid farm tools. We should develop these folk straw weaves, so that they can be changed from simple practicality in ancient times to practical appreciation now, and can be extended to woven bags, ornaments, chair cushions and other supplies to enter the market.

1.5 literature and art

Shanxi is one of the cradles of China opera. There are mainly four kinds of operas: Jin Opera, Pu Opera, Shangdang Bangzi and Hokuriku Bangzi. Shanxi Opera is a representative opera in Shanxi Province, which is characterized by smooth melody, beautiful melody, mellow kindness, clear roads and strong local flavor, and has its own unique style in Jinzhong area. Pu Opera is high-pitched, simple and unrestrained; Shangdang bangzi is bright, rough and simple; Hokuriku Bangzi has an impassioned frontier style. In addition, Taoist drama and shadow play in Shanxi are also deeply loved by working people in urban and rural areas.

Shanxi folk songs are the crystallization of collective wisdom of working people for thousands of years, a true portrayal of working people's lives and a reflection of local people's psychology, emotions and wishes. These folk songs have a wide range of themes and profound contents, involving all aspects of social life. Qu Shan in the northwest of Shanxi, Hua Diao in Taihang Mountain and Rolling Pin in Xinzhou area are short songs that working people can sing at any time in Shan Ye, cliffs and yards, with short and simple forms; Freedom of melody and beat; Sincere feelings need no company. The folk songs are loud; The tone of flowering is euphemistic and delicate; There are many kinds of yangko, such as "Two-person Lift" in Hequ, "Little Flower Play" in Zuo Quan and "Wind Stage Play" in Heshun. Many divertimentos are about historical figures or legends, such as Zuo Quan's Da Qiang, Xingxian's Kunqu Opera and Sok Li's Playing and Singing.

The school of "Yam Yao Dan" headed by Zhao Shuli is the most influential literary school in the history of new China literature. His works include The Marriage of Little Black Boys and Li Youcai's Banhua. Zhao Shuli has made great historical contributions to the nationalization, popularization and localization of novel art, and formed a unique artistic style, and is known as the "iron pen master" who writes about farmers. Under his influence, in 1950s and 1960s, a group of powerful writers in Shaanxi, such as Rong, inherited Xiaohe's style of marriage and love, published a large number of works with similar styles, and formed a group of writers with nationwide influence. From the term "Shan Yao Egg School", which is full of local flavor, we can easily imagine how close these works are to the masses and life, and have the unique charm of Shanxi literature and art.

2. At present, the development status of Shanxi folk tourism.

Shanxi is a big province of cultural relics and tourism resources. Its folk tourism resources are more colorful and unique. However, so far, they have not been fully developed and utilized, which is completely unknown to those who grew up in boudoir. The main reasons are as follows.

2. 1 The breadth and depth of development are not enough.

Shanxi is a province rich in tourism resources, but it is not a province rich in tourism economy. This situation determines that a large number of tourism resources in Shanxi are unreasonably idle and wasted, which affects the rapid development of tourism in Shanxi. Shanxi folk tourism resources are distributed all over the province, each with its own characteristics. At present, only a few quadrangles in Jinzhong have been really developed, and the rest have hardly been developed. Only by excavating scattered folk tourism resources and combining them with local natural and cultural landscapes can we solve the problem of breadth. Whether it is developed or undeveloped folk tourism resources, we should explore its deep-seated things. For example, weddings and funerals in Shanxi are unique, which can be reflected in tourism and taken out in an all-round way so that tourists can experience and feel the truly unique local characteristics, so as to attract more tourists. Moreover, handicrafts such as embroidery and straw weaving in Shanxi are only circulated among the people and have not entered the market, which is a manifestation of insufficient breadth and depth of development.

2.2 insufficient publicity.

Publicity is very important for tourism, especially folk tourism. Because of its locality and folk nature, local folk customs are not easy to be known by outsiders. Lagging publicity will dehumanize Shanxi folk-custom tourism resources, make Shanxi folk-custom tourism resources not be developed and utilized, and affect the development of Shanxi tourism. Therefore, we should increase the publicity of folk tourism, so that more people can know about Shanxi and participate in folk tourism in Shanxi.

2.3 cultural connotation mining is not enough

Folk tourism is also a kind of cultural tourism, and the key to the long-lasting cultural tourism lies in excavating its profound cultural connotation. For example, Huaxi Village, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province develops folk tourism with the characteristics of Jiangnan Water Town, and Xishuangbanna Dai Water Splashing Festival, Yunnan Province. They are innovative and have outstanding cultural connotations, which have achieved good economic and social benefits and enhanced the stamina of tourism development. Shanxi's folk tourism resources are unique. When developing folk tourism, we should explore its profound cultural connotation and let tourists feel the ancient and unique folk culture in Shanxi through personal experience.

2.4 Thought is not liberated

Many folk tourism resources with rich and profound cultural connotations have not been developed, mainly because Shanxi people are not emancipated. For example, handicrafts (embroidery, paper-cutting, straw weaving) and local products are unique things in Shanxi, but because people's minds have not been liberated and they have not fully realized the exploitability of these resources, they have not yet entered the market and formed a series of industries. Shanxi people are not avant-garde and conservative, tourism professionals's concept is backward, and their service consciousness is poor and their level is low. These subjective factors have seriously affected the development and utilization of folk tourism resources.

2.5 Insufficient inheritance

Folk custom is a cultural heritage with a long history, and it is something that is cultivated by habit. Every folk custom is unique, but the impact of modern culture makes it more and more localized. Many unique folk customs can only be found in remote villages or individual groups, and most local folk customs are assimilated and popularized, which is extremely unfavorable to folk tourism resources. How to pass on the folk culture handed down from generation to generation, consolidate the inheritance of its excellent folk culture, and at the same time absorb the advanced folk culture from other regions, develop continuously and form its own characteristics is a problem worthy of attention and in-depth thinking.

3. Innovative thinking of Shanxi folk tourism

The development of Shanxi folk tourism is of great significance to the development of Shanxi tourism and the prosperity of Shanxi economy and culture. It can not only show the long-standing Yellow River culture and loess culture, but also promote cultural exchanges inside and outside the province and at home and abroad. Because Shanxi is located in the north, most of the cultural landscapes are scattered due to the peak tourist season, which greatly weakens its attraction and makes it relatively difficult to further tap the value of existing tourism resources. Folk tourism resources are relatively less affected by seasons, widely distributed, unique in charm and relatively easy to develop. At the same time, because Shanxi's folk tourism resources are only shallow-level development, the development space is relatively large, so that folk customs can be integrated with the existing scattered tourism resources, and Shanxi's tourism industry will be promising. Therefore, we have every reason to believe that as long as we change our development concept, Shanxi's rich folk tourism resources will surely form a new growth point of Shanxi's tourism industry. In the specific development, we must carry out ingenious ideas and unique designs to form the characteristics of Shanxi folk customs, so we must follow the following principles.

3. 1 Principles of Folk Tourism Development

3. 1. 1 protection principle

Folk tourism resources are great wealth of human society, and the development must be based on protection. A lot of work has been done before, such as establishing three folk museums in Ding Cun, Qiaojiabao and Riverside Village to record or reproduce the folk customs of three different historical periods and different regional characteristics in written or visual form. This not only preserves the endangered ancient folk customs, but also enables tourists to understand the history and customs at that time in folk tourism. In future development, we should always implement this principle.

3. 1.2 Principle of adjusting measures to local conditions

Folk tourism can't follow the trend, can't replace trees with flowers, and can't deceive the world. It should use local materials, tap local folk resources and show local real life. The utilization and development of local resources has a long-term vitality because of its suitability and authenticity.

3. 1.3 The principle of taking part in it.

Folklore comes from life and pursues nature. There are rich local cultural connotations and life interests hidden under the unpretentious appearance. The biggest advantage of folk tourism is that tourists can experience folk customs in person, participate in folk activities, and feel rich human touch, local flavor and cultural flavor, which makes people memorable. However, Shanxi tourism has not done enough in this respect, and it can only be seen that it cannot participate, and its interest is dull, which affects the effect of tourism.

3. 1.4 Principle of simplicity

Folk customs are regional, traditional and simple. This requires us to adhere to the principles of locality and simplicity when developing folk tourism. Most of Shanxi's folk tourism resources are linked to cultural relics and historic sites, with strong traditional folk characteristics and quaint flavor. Our development must convey and maintain this feature.

3. 1.5 principle of functional diversity

Restricted by the times and its functions, folk activities are always scattered and alternated with the people. Because folk tourism is a tourism activity based on folk customs, rather than a mechanical reproduction of folk customs, it requires concentration, compactness and diverse functions. It wants to make the limited scenic spots play multiple roles, that is, not limited by seasons and space, to build a tourist base with easy-going scenery and customized goods, and to show the richness and diversity of folk life in one place.

Folk tourism has great vitality, and all countries in the world attach great importance to developing their own folk tourism activities. How to attract a large number of tourists by marking national innovation and establishing local significance has become an effective means for tourism enterprises in various countries and regions to compete. For example, in order to attract tourists, Hong Kong Kowloon Pear Garden has specially built an ancient Song Cheng in the colorful Shili Ocean Park, which seems to bring tourists back to the capital of the Song Dynasty ten centuries ago. In the face of living examples, in order to make substantial progress in Shanxi folk tourism, we must keep pace with the times and innovate constantly on the basis of constantly developing tourism resources.

3.2 Development and Innovation of Folk Tourism

3.2. 1 Thinking innovation

Thinking innovation is the premise of all innovation, and the development of Shanxi folk tourism must break the routine and innovate boldly. First of all, we should break the thinking of inaction in the off-season, focus on development in the off-season, design some novel and unique tourism projects according to the characteristics of folk tourism, and then increase publicity to attract tourists to Shanxi. Secondly, we should establish a holistic thinking. Shanxi folk tourism should break away from convention, establish the idea of playing chess in the whole province, and improve the efficiency of tourists. In addition, we should establish the thinking of dynamic tourism development, design more dynamic folk tourism projects, let tourists participate in them, and truly feel the fun of folk tourism. For example, in some scenic spots, the "Shanxi Food Street" is designed and planned, so that tourists can taste the unique flavor snacks in Shanxi after sightseeing; You can also launch a "folk song competition" to let tourists participate in the activities in person and experience and reproduce the scene at that time.

3.2.2 Mode innovation

Shanxi's folk tourism resources are rich and varied, not only in a wide variety and quantity, but also with obvious characteristics. This advantage makes the development of folk tourism in Shanxi have many ways. The innovation of tourism mode includes the development of tourism resources, the design of tourism routes and the arrangement of tourism contents. In terms of tourism development, countries, collectives and individuals can invest independently or jointly to make tourism resources become economic resources and cultural resources as soon as possible. There are many ways to develop tourist routes, such as Shanxi folk tourism, which can form a route centered on "Ding Cun-Qiaojiabao-Binjiang Folk Museum"; Shanxi residential tourism can form a route centered on "Lvliang Cave-Pinglu Diyuan-Jinshangyuan".

3.2.3 Scientific and technological innovation

In the eyes of most people, folk tourism may not have much high-tech content, but scientific and technological innovation should still be the proper meaning of folk tourism development. The scientific and technological innovation of folk tourism development mainly includes the following two aspects: First, the development of the scientific and technological content of folk tourism resources, such as the ancient buildings of Shanxi merchants' compound, contains many scientific and technological elements. The excavation of this scientific and technological element can not only let tourists know the scientific and technological wisdom of ancient people in China, but also promote our reference, absorption and inheritance of ancient science and technology in China. On the other hand, the use of modern scientific and technological means is of great significance for tourists to understand and understand ancient folk customs, increase their interest in tourism and promote the development of folk tourism.

Folk tourism has become a new field of tourism. As one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization, Shanxi has accumulated rich and distinctive folk customs, which are worth digging, evaluating and developing. Therefore, it can be said that folk tourism is the hope of Shanxi tourism development. Only by strengthening development and innovation, folk tourism will surely become a new growth point of Shanxi tourism.