Who has the flying pattern of Dunhuang Grottoes?

Dunhuang pattern is an important part of the art of Dunhuang grottoes, and it also has its own independent form in architecture (grottoes and their wooden eaves), statues and murals. The relationship between patterns and murals, statues and buildings can be said that without pattern decoration, murals are incomplete, statues are incomplete, and the whole grotto art lacks a complete whole. Patterns, like the whole grotto art, are the products of dynasties, and different times have different characteristics and styles.

Northern pattern? The Northern Dynasties is the initial period of Dunhuang grottoes art, and the whole art form shows the artistic characteristics of blending and reflecting western culture and Central Plains culture. The pattern is the same. The patterns in the Northern Dynasties are concise and distinct, with few patterns, simple images and uncomplicated combinations. The same pattern is repeated and continuous, which is the edge decoration. Several kinds of ornaments are connected, with lotus flowers in the middle and algae wells. The patterns mainly include lotus pattern, gold and silver pattern, geometric pattern, moire pattern, auspicious bird and beast pattern and so on.

Sui Dynasty was a unified dynasty that experienced 300 years of turmoil and division. Great unification has brought about a great collection and development of culture and art in the north and south. With the smooth flow of airline trade, it has also brought? Cultural exchange with west Asia. This is also reflected in the Dunhuang Grottoes, the throat town of Sizan. The patterns of the Sui Dynasty were decorated on the old dentures of the Northern Dynasties, which further absorbed the traditional culture and art of the Central Plains and the art of the new West Asian style, and drew brand-new patterns. The design of the cave was not copied as usual, because it was copied by Chen. Only by absorbing each other's advantages and making good use of ingenious ideas and originality can we have a good chance to compete. Very lively? . The location distribution of grotto pattern decoration is closely related to grotto modeling. In the Sui Dynasty, the cave was dominated by a bucket-shaped top hole, and its decorative pattern was represented by a caisson at the top of the cave, with obvious fabric feeling. The era image and personality of niche lintel decoration and edge decoration are also very distinct.

The Tang Dynasty is the mature period of Dunhuang pattern development, which is rich in content and exquisite in art, surpassing the previous generation. Patterns include algae wells, edge ornaments, round lamps (headlights), mural decoration, vessel decoration, costume decoration and so on. Patterns include lotus flowers, rolling grass, flowers, geometric patterns, auspicious birds, geometric patterns, auspicious animal patterns and so on. ? In the early Tang Dynasty, the cave pattern was dominated by algae wells. There are two kinds: one is Da Lian algae well, with a Da Lian in the center of the well, with little decoration outside the well and simple image. It is basically a continuation of the Sui Dynasty model. The other is the pomegranate grape grain painted in the heart of the well, which is a new pattern caisson in the early Tang Dynasty. ? The pattern of caves in the early and late Tang Dynasty is mainly algae wells and decorative patterns. The center of the caisson is relatively wide, and most of the big lotus flowers in the caisson are composed of peach-shaped lotus petals, cloud heads and leaves, and the flowers form radial patterns. Outside the well, the decorative layer is slender, the leaf pattern is slightly curly, the stems and vines are mostly yuntou long leaves, and the group flowers are mostly peach-shaped lotus petals and yuntou lobules. There is a lot of space in the flower, and the pattern is very balanced. Generally speaking, the patterns in the early Tang Dynasty are beautiful and lively, with bright colors and a free and easy charm.

There were wars and disputes in the Five Dynasties, and wars with Liao and Jin continued in the Northern Song Dynasty. Cao Shi local government in Dunhuang was isolated in a corner, isolated from the Central Plains. Dunhuang grottoes art is only a continuation of the late Tang Dynasty, and has formed some local characteristics. Grottoes are mainly decorated with algae wells, costumes and carpets. The design is auspicious birds and beasts, rolling grass and rice, with palindromes and white beads in the middle. Cao Shi is the biggest ruler of Dunhuang. The Buddhist grottoes built by his family are larger than those of his predecessors. The algae wells in the grottoes are magnificently decorated, and most of them are Tuanlong and Cai Feng. The outside of the well is decorated with many grass patterns of phoenixes and birds. The portrait of the patron saint in the cave is superhuman in height, and the female portrait dress is also painted with flowers and plants of auspicious birds and animals. The carpets under the feet are mostly grass-rolled or ball-shaped. They attach so much importance to the dragon and phoenix patterns that their purpose is to symbolize the sacred dignity of the ruler's regime. ? After Xixia occupied Dunhuang in A.D. 1036, it continued to paint and carve Buddhist rituals in caves, with algae wells and flowers at the top of the cave as the most prominent patterns. There are also many floating plastic dragons spinning among the lotus flowers in the algae well, including Tuanlong, Shuanglong, Wulong and Feng Dan, which can be described as the dragon world. Painted four times at the top of the cave, the flowers are mostly composed of a single pattern, including moire flowers, leaf flowers, pointed petals, round petals and square petals. Simple and regular beauty like wallpaper.