What are the folklore of Hoi An?

October to December of the lunar calendar, the main festivals are October Dynasty, Lapa Festival, sending stove, New Year's Eve. In October, the townspeople began to engage in winter leisure side business, such as weaving dustpan, broom, bushy shoes, rush to make parts of the waterwheel, etc., in preparation for the next spring to sell the market. From November to the winter solstice into the winter. Lunar December called Lunar New Year, from Lunar New Year's Eve to New Year's Eve, the number of nights counting days. During this period, the family to dust cleaning, steamed cakes, steamed buns, rice crackers, etc., some people also pickled salted fish, salted meat. Families should rush to wash clothes and bedding on sunny days, and the folk ballad says, "Rich or poor, wash for the New Year". Barbershops and bathhouses are especially busy because of "cutting Yuanbao's head and taking Yuanbao's bath". On the twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh nights, some people honored the gods and ate New Year's Eve wine in stores. From twenty nights to twenty-nine nights, there are full-time night watchmen in the market town, carrying lanterns and knocking on bamboo clappers to remind people of fire and theft. After the founding of the country, the local government departments pay more attention to the winter defense, the organization of militia and staff on duty night patrol, do a good job of security.

October Dynasty The first day of October on the lunar calendar, called "October Dynasty", before and after a few days to sweep the graves full of graves, sacrifices and Ching Ming Festival is similar. On this day, there are cooking glutinous rice to send flies common, Hedong is to cook red bean rice to send flies. Li Fort old custom is held on this day of the city god will. And Hedong area in October towards the washing of cattle, plowing cattle began to winter rest. Winning weak old cattle, often eliminated.

Winter Solstice Festival Winter Solstice in the calendar around December 22nd. The day before is known as Little Winter, and families offer sacrifices to their ancestors and burn paper. The winter solstice is also known as the big winter, all over the morning there are eating soup dumplings food custom. Evening reunion feast, stores and workshops have "winter wine", commonly known as "big winter is like a year". Hedong also between the winter worship rituals. From the winter solstice festival for the intersection of nine winter. Winter solstice, the shortest day and longest night, so there is a proverb: "winter solstice does not sit at night, the summer solstice does not step on the car."

Lunar Lunar December 8th legend for Shakyamuni Buddha became Taoist. Folk imitation temple store custom, with glutinous rice, soybeans, peanuts, Cigu, green vegetables, red beans, etc., mixed with cooking into the "Lahai congee" meal; sophisticated rich households put jujubes, chestnuts, since the fruit, herbs, mushrooms, fungus, and so on, said the "eight treasures congee". Buddhist believers in the evening to eat noodles to wish "infinite longevity Buddha". Other people also have a banquet. Today, eat Lapa congee is still common.

Send stove Lunar New Year's Eve 24th home to send stove, praying for the stove king, "said good things in the sky, the world to keep safe". The offerings are generally four plates: caramel (sticky seal Zaojun's mouth), tea and rice (symbolizing the peace of life), tofu ("rich" of the harmonic), red beans and crushed straw (Zaojun god horse fodder), the Hedong family also for the wine lees. After the founding of the country this custom gradually abolished.

New Year's Eve Lunar December 30 (month small for the 29th) for the New Year's Eve, commonly known as "thirty night". The day before New Year's Eve for the New Year's Eve, most people at noon to worship their ancestors; part of the family is New Year's Eve at noon to worship their ancestors. It is the day to cook old rice to fill the "old rice bowl". New Year's Eve before the family busy, steamed pastries, do New Year's dishes, fried peanuts, broad beans, fried rice, buy tea, playing New Year's goods, etc. must be prepared at this stage. New Year's Eve, the old custom of the eaves should be inserted red paper, yellow paper decoration and sesame straw, the portal should be posted on the red paper, Spring Festival couplets and the God of the Door; hall inside the New Year's Eve paintings, Shunsui strip, and the "Fu" word upside down to take "Fu to" the harmonic sound. Mourning family spring couplets the first year of yellow paper, the second year of green paper, the third year full of filial piety after the red paper. The inside and outside of the house is cleaned and reorganized, and the door and the head of the field are packed with bushels of lime to play "Yuanbao Hoard", or known as "Qilin Footprints". On the night of New Year's Eve, the ancestors were honored, the God of the Stove was received, and the family hosted a banquet and ate "New Year's Eve Wine". New Year's Eve rice, generally to cook more, the remaining set aside for the New Year to eat "old rice"; potpourri should be left whole, called "rice root", and with a plate containers, on the insertion of cypress branches, sesame seeds, adorned with white fruits, peanuts, copper coins, paste yellow paper, God of Fortune statue, called the "old rice pot". "Chen rice bowl", placed on the God's cabinet. After the banquet, clean up the kitchen, clear the stove surface, pots and pans, and fill the water tanks and chopsticks buckets. Before going to bed, the elders should be given to the younger generation to send "pressure (keep) the year money"; each pillow put candy, jujube, everlasting fruit (shelled peanuts), for the year of the pillow to open the food; and put the new clothes, new hats, new shoes and socks for the year of the year to wear. Hedong some people stay up all night, sitting waiting for the day, called "keep the year", and the new year's money to the first breakfast before distribution. New Year's Eve, the sound of firecrackers all night long. After the establishment of new China, the superstitious activities of New Year's Eve is basically abolished. 80's, television sets in urban and rural areas are widely popular, New Year's Eve family watching CCTV's Spring Festival Gala program, has become a new trend.

"Hai'an Flower Drum" is the cultural brand of Hai'an, which has participated in the special performance for the central leaders in Huairen Hall of Zhongnanhai in Beijing; participated in the 50th anniversary of the National Day Gala in Tian'anmen Square; and won the highest prize of the national folk arts and culture in the National National Ethnic and Folk Plaza Singing and Dancing Competition, namely "Shanhua Award". --In the competition of the National National Folk Square Song and Dance Competition, it won the highest national folk art award, the "Mountain Flower Award"; in the evaluation of the "Group Star Award", the highest government award for mass culture of the Ministry of Culture, it won the "Group Star Award". It also won the "Group Star Award" in the competition of "Group Star Award", the highest governmental award for mass culture of the Ministry of Culture; it also took part in the International Tourism Culture Festival sponsored by the Beijing Municipal People's Government in the dress marching performance on Ping'an Street in Beijing with more than 60 singing and dancing teams from five continents and 13 provinces and cities in China. People have been "Hai'an flower drums" and Hai'an, the emerging city on the river and the sea of the cultural image of the tightly linked together.

"Hai'an flower drums" in the circulation of Hai'an, can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty during the Jiajing period, "Ming Zhai true knowledge - Guangling rhyme" has "flower drums passed thirty years, and the changes repeatedly, the beginning of the male, followed by the female, the beginning of the day, followed by the night, the beginning of the countryside, following the town of the city, the beginning of the village folk hooligans, After the foppish pants" record. Qing Tongzhi three years (1864) of the "Hailing bamboo branch" branch said: "the village peace when the meeting, wizards and wizards singing and dancing over the years, knocking the town of the drums are Lu language, raucous residents sleepless nights." It shows that the flower drums had been widely spread at that time. Until the 1930s and 1940s, the flower-drum activities in the Hai'an Jiaozhi area were still very active. It is estimated that the circulation of flower drums in the Haian area has a history of more than four hundred years.

"Hai'an flower drums" and the "donkey flower drums" in the north of Jiangsu Province, "fishing basket flower drums" in the south of Jiangsu Province, "Luozi flower drums". ", before the Ming Dynasty, all belong to the song and dance with the opera performance program, the main part is once a clown "two small plays" or once a clown life "three small plays". "Hai'an Flower Drums" belongs to the latter. The main part of the flower-drum performance is the appearance of the red maiden (Dan), Sao Da Zi (Chou), and Xianggong (Sheng) in the corner. The song and dance performance is called "Shang Yanggu" or "Playing the Field". Today's "Hoi An Flower Drum" is the development and innovation of the song and dance performance. As folk dance has distinctive regional and ethnic characteristics, "ten miles of different winds, a hundred miles of different customs" led to "ten miles of different flower drumming". Hai'an Flower Drums have been passed down in Hai'an for more than four hundred years, influenced by the natural and humanistic environment of this particular region, showing the life of village girls living in the fish and rice countryside with clear streams and verdant fields, and the life of fisherwomen in the Yellow Sea fishing villages with their faces towards the sea and their backs facing the fields, and displaying their passionate and exuberant but also tender and gentle personalities. In particular, the dance language of "nodding the head, shaking the shoulders, spreading the arms and stretching the wrists" and "moving the hips first, gradually trembling slightly" that expresses the village girls and fisherwomen weaving nets in front of the flowers and under the moon, vividly reproduces the village girls' and fisherwomen's leisurely laboring life, and embodies the joys of the village girls, The dance language vividly reproduces the leisurely laboring life of the village girls and fisherwomen, and contains the joyful feelings of the village girls and fisherwomen who are rich in life. The individual characteristics of each form of the "Haian Flower Drums and Drums" are different from the indulgence of the "Donkey Flower Drums and Drums", but highlight the inner world of the village girls and fisherwomen of this region, which is both simple and pure, and both heavy and soft, and which belongs to the kind of "getting in the shade" that was characterized by the Tongcheng School of the Qing Dynasty and described by the scholar Yao Nai. It belongs to the kind of "beauty of yin and softness" as described by Yao Nai, a writer of the Tongcheng School in the Qing Dynasty. Its feelings and situation show the feminine beauty "like the rising sun, like the wind, like the clouds, like the sun, like the smoke, like the quiet forests and curved Zhang, like Cang, like the ripples, like the glow of pearls and jewels, like the swan's song into the Liao Lang".

Hai'an Cultural Center in the late 50s, began to "Hai'an Flower Drum" collection and organization, and along with the development of the economy, the progress of the times, people's social lifestyles and aesthetic tastes make a leap forward in pace, the development of its inheritance in the development, innovation in the development. It has successively won awards in provincial and municipal performances for its male and female group dance "Spring Flower Drums" and "Flower Drum Love", and has been highly praised for its performances in Beijing. In recent years, the integration of the essence of the performance of the flower drums around Jiangsu, Jiangsu folk music as the main theme, choreographed into the performance of 320 people involved in the performance of the dress marching performance of the square and 40 people involved in the performance of the square folk dance, many times in the national performing arts competitions to show the style, to win the Grand Prize, and thus become a nationally renowned cultural brand of the Haian.

The main festivals from the first month of the lunar calendar to March are the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, February 2nd, Qingming Festival, etc. In the first month, the atmosphere of the festival is very strong. In the first month of the festival atmosphere is very strong, the majority of people visit friends and relatives to pay their respects, the masses enjoy entertainment, drinking spring wine, playing mahjong, drums and gongs, play lanterns ...... style is more prevalent. In the middle of the first month, there is a light period. From the first half of the month to the beginning of February, farmers have planted trees. March to Qingming before and after the tomb mainly, and Xing kite flying. In addition, the old custom of February 12 passed for the "hundred flowers birthday", people in their own fruit trees, flowers decorated with hanging small red cloth, said "hanging red", in order to pray for the blossoming of a hundred flowers, fruitful branches, this custom has been unheard of today.

Spring Festival on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar, formerly known as New Year's Day (sub dynasty), commonly known as the first day of the Lunar New Year. The old custom, the old man in bed in the early morning to listen to the nature of the animals, in order to divine the luck of the year. Households scrambled to burn incense and firecrackers, grabbing heaven and earth, especially early to burn the "first incense", mostly for the family to add a man or good fortune. Hedong family is customary late start, every family until the sunrise before getting up. In the morning, the housewife into the kitchen, to "old fire" pot fried eggs, warm fruit tea, hot white soup pork, given to the elderly sitting in the family to eat on the bunk, others are getting up to eat jujube tea, Yuanbao tea, dumplings and pastries. After breakfast, the natural residential area as a unit, groups of young and middle-aged people from various households went from house to house to pay New Year's greetings, and the hosts entertained them with cigarettes, tea, peanuts, candies, etc. The town shops sent each other New Year's greetings. Stores in the towns send red New Year's greetings to each other and put them in through the doorways. At noon, incense was burned to honor the gods (also known as "down the rise" to thank the gods). Before lunch, no sweeping, no water, no scales, no knives and scissors. On the first day of the year still have to eat old rice custom, Hebei people at noon to eat New Year's Eve Chen rice, leftovers (known as "under the birth of rice"), evening meal to eat noodles (known as longevity noodles); Henan, the Hedong family at night to eat Chen rice at noon to eat glutinous rice (or sticky hindering rice). According to the customary dinner in advance, go to bed without lights, that can make the summer mosquito reduction. From the second day of the year, the families continue to visit friends and relatives, each other to pay tribute to the New Year. On the second day, etiquette can not be exempted, for tenants on the landlord, the boss home to pay tribute to the New Year, son-in-law with his wife and children to his parents-in-law to pay tribute to the New Year, Hedong region, children and nephews to the uncle (uncle) parents to pay tribute to the New Year. Friends and relatives invited each other to spring wine, called "please spring goblet", generally to the first month of the fifteenth stop. Rural areas in the Hedong region call the invitation to spring wine "pulling the dragon lantern", which lasts until the half of February. On the second day of the second lunar month, farmers go to the land temple (shrine) to pay respect to the land eunuchs, the land lady and the old man of the party wax, praying for a year of good weather and no insect pests in the fields. The store then honors Xuan Tan Bodhisattva (i.e., the god of wealth, Zhao Gongming), and hosts a banquet for the workers.

The fifth day of the first month of the year is the "God of Wealth Day", also known as the "Five Roads Day", the store opened. Shopkeepers to "honor the God of Wealth" is extremely important, from the fourth night, the store number door that is posted the God of Wealth statue. Shopkeepers bathed and dressed, some stay up all night, and prepare three sacrifices (pig's head, rooster, flower fish, commonly known as "six eyes"), at midnight, that is, get up and burn incense "to receive the God of Fortune", firecrackers sound endlessly.

The first business in the New Year, such as women to buy, known as "full (mother) business", price concessions. Folk poor artists also this day in costume, dressed as the God of Fortune knocking with a gong, to the store number in front of the performance of fortune to ask for rewards, so-called "jumping God of Fortune". In the evening, the owner of the store invited the workers to eat "God of Fortune wine".

Hai'an custom to the first to the fifth for the "five days of the year", people are wearing new clothes, new hats, new shoes. Because of the "cotton" and "mold" resonance, so some areas avoid wearing cotton shoes. Hebei people's homes in front of the eaves hanging red lanterns, from the first night to the first month of eighteen lights, called point "sky lanterns".

Lunar New Year's Lantern Festival The 15th day of the first month is the Lantern Festival, also known as the Festival of Lights and the Festival of the New Year. The Lantern Festival is also known as the Lantern Festival and the Shangyuan Festival. "Thirteen lanterns go up, eighteen lanterns go down", and the Lantern Festival takes place during this period, with the fifteenth day of the first lunar month as its climax. During this period, farmers use bamboo poles to hang papier-maché red lanterns (covered with rain hats), which are lit every night to pray for a good year. For those who suffer from eye diseases, they pray to God for wishes from the first one to the 30th day of the month. Lantern Festival, in addition to Zhang Lantern, see the lights, in the morning to eat glutinous rice flour dumplings, and in the evening to eat oil fried dumplings, peanuts, broad beans, white fruit and other food. Lantern period generally have "on the lamp rounds fall lamp face" food customs.

The Lantern Festival night, the farmers to take the grass tied into more than ten feet long to ignite, to get their own ridge waving, said "fried hemp string". Usually hemp string into twelve sections, if it is a leap year, must be more than one section, each section put two small firecrackers. Farmers sing "burnt rice ballad" while waving, such as "the first half of the month, fried hemp string, picking up a spike head weighing catty half, dad said to grandma to see"; "the first half of the month, fried hemp string, other people's vegetables copper coins, my family's vegetables colander big; other people's Vegetables born mange, my family's vegetables sold on the street" and so on. Fried string of hemp in some places also called "fried hemp worm", "put burning fire". Folk have to hemp string flames to predict the success of the year good or bad, crimson trillion drought, white trillion water.

February 2 The second day of the second month of the lunar calendar, each family will have married their daughters and then brought back to their mother's home to rest, the length of time varies. Hebei has a folk song said "February 2, family boat with daughter". Hedong has a ballad said "pick artemisia child, do cake child, with daughter, not with daughter poor dog child". And is the day, Hedong, Henan area matchmaking active, proverb said "the second day of February dragon head, Wang Baozhao embroidery building throw colorful ball.

Ching Ming Festival around April 5 on the Gregorian calendar for the Qingming Festival. It is the day when families set up more offerings to ancestors, called "honoring the first". Qingming Day, women and children have to wear cauliflower, willow popular, the morning food buckwheat willow leaf spread cake, folk legend has it that "Qingming do not wear a willow, after death into a dog" proverb. Ten days before and after Ching Ming, each family has been sweeping the tomb, hanging silk, insert small flag, burning paper, for the old grave pad soil, plus top. Three years after the burial of the deceased, the children sweep the grave to do wine rituals, before and after three years, respectively, known as the new grave, in the grave, full of graves. The day before Ching Ming is the "Cold Food Festival", no fireworks, only eat cold food. After the Republic of China does not pay attention to, have changed to the afternoon of Qingming Day to eat cold food.